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The prognosis of relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is poor. The efficacy of salvage therapy with ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide) is limited. DLBCL can evade immune surveillance by upregulating programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade combined with ICE regimen (P-ICE) in the treatment of R/R DLBCL patients. In this study, we retrospectively explored efficacy and toxicity in R/R DLBCL patients treated with P-ICE. Prognostic biomarkers, including clinical features and molecular markers related to efficacy, were explored. From February 2019 to May 2020, a total of 67 patients treated with the P-ICE regimen were analyzed. The median follow-up time was 24.7 months (range: 1.4–39.6 months), with an objective response rate (ORR) of 62.7% and a complete response rate (CRR) of 43.3%. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 41.1% (95% CI: 35.0–47.2%) and 65.6% (95% CI: 59.5–71.7%), respectively. Age, Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index (IPI) score, and response to first-line chemotherapy were correlated with the ORR. Grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs) related to the P-ICE regimen were reported in 21.5% of patients. The most common AE was thrombocytopenia (9.0%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. In patients with R/R DLBCL, the P-ICE regimen has promising efficacy and mild toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Anti-PD-1 antibody (anti-PD-1 mAb) showed favorable outcomes in some patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). However, the role of anti-PD-1 antibody in NK/T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (NK/T-LAHS) remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of anti-PD-1 antibody-based treatment in NK/T-LAHS patients. Methods: The clinical data of 98 patients diagnosed with NK/T-LAHS at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from May 2014 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received anti-HLH [HLH-2004 (etoposide, dexamethasone, cyclosporine A) or DEP-based (liposomal doxorubicin, etoposide, methylprednisolone)] regimen and sequential anti-ENKTL chemotherapy (ChT) combined with anti-PD-1 antibody or not. Results: The overall response rate (ORR) of the anti-PD-1 mAb plus ChT regimens was higher than that of the ChT regimens (73.3% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.041). The toxicity of the anti-PD-1 mAb plus ChT regimens was tolerable. Except for higher rate of neutropenia, no significant difference in adverse events (AEs) was observed between the two groups. When the optimal response to anti-ENKTL was achieved, the median EBV DNA levels in patients who received anti-PD-1 mAb plus ChT were significantly lower than patients who received ChT only (878 copies/mL vs. 18,600 copies/mL, P = 0.001). With a median follow-up of 26.6 months (range 0–65.9 months), the median overall survival (mOS) was 3.5 months (95% CI：2.3–4.7 months). Patients treated with anti-PD-1 mAb plus ChT experienced a longer mOS than those who received ChT only [5.2 months (95% CI: 2.5–7.8 months) vs. 1.5 months (95% CI: 0.5–2.6 months), P = 0.002]. Cox multivariate analysis found that anti-PD-1 mAb was an independent prognostic factor for all NK/T-LAHS patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, anti-PD-1 mAb combined with ChT regimens seemed to be associated with prolonged survival in NK/T-LAHS patients and may represent a potentially promising treatment strategy for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent type of lymphoma that is potentially curable by chemotherapy. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is regarded as an essential process for the clearance of residual tumor cells. However, the impact of ICD on DLBCL remains unknown. Here, we tried to explore the prognostic role of ICD in DLBCL. Methods: A gene expression microarray of DLBCL was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The genes involved in ICD were obtained via literature reviews. Then, based on univariate, multivariate, and LASSO Cox regression analysis, the ICD-related gene signature was identified. The effect of the ICD-related gene signature on DLBCL was explored. The chi-square test was used to compare complete response rate (CRR) and recurrence rate between high- and low-risk groups. Results: The signature based on 12 ICD-related genes could independently predict the overall survival of DLBCL. Furthermore, high risk was linked to lower CRR and higher recurrence rate. Then, a nomogram based on the ICD-related gene signature was established. The area under the curve of the prediction model reached 0.820 in the training set and 0.780 in the validation set. Conclusions: This study suggested that the ICD-related gene signature could be a novel prognostic indicator for DLCBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Extranodal natural/killer T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Current clinical prognostic models for ENKTL still have their limitations. Validated prognostic models for ENKTL have not yet been established. Methods: Tumor microenvironment IL-6 was measured by immunohistochemistry in 78 ENKTL patients. Results: Patients with negative IL-6 expression in the tumor microenvironment have a longer PFS (56.0 months vs. 25.6 months, p < 0.001) and OS (96.0 months vs. 43.3 months, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, tumor microenvironment IL-6 [p = 0.048, HR = 1.76(1.00-3.08)] and extranodal involvement [p = 0.001, HR = 2.69(1.50-4.82)] were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Tumor microenvironment IL-6 [p = 0.033, HR = 2.69 (1.08-6.67)], Ann Arbor stage [p = 0.002, HR = 2.77 (1.47-5.23)] and B symptom [p = 0.027, HR = 2.02 (1.08-3.78)] were independent prognostic factors for OS. Expert opinion: A high IL-6 expression was related to poor survival, which may be a valuable biomarker for prognostic evaluation at baseline in ENKTL. These results showed that anti-IL-6R may be a potential targeted therapy for the treatment of advanced or relapsed ENKTL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systemic inflammatory response is related to the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of cancers. In this research, a novel systemic inflammation response score (SIRS) was calculated, and its prognostic value for postoperative stage I-III breast cancer (BC) patients was analyzed. Methods: 1583 BC patients were included in this research. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 1187) and validation cohort (n = 396). SIRS was established in the training cohort based on independent prognostic hematological indicator, its relationship between prognosis and clinical features was analyzed. Then, a nomogram consisted of SIRS and clinical features was established, its performance was examined by calibration plots and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The SIRS was an independent prognostic indicator for BC patients, and a high-SIRS was related to multifocality, advanced N stage, and worse prognosis. Incorporating SIRS into a nomogram could accurately predict the prognosis of BC patients, the results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of nomogram was up to 0.806 in training cohort and 0.905 in the validation cohort. Conclusion: SIRS was associated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Nomogram based on SIRS can accurately predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]