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Introduction Lung transplantation is the final treatment option in patients with respiratory failure. Morbidity and mortality rates associated with the management of complications is high despite advances. Postoperative complications include acute transplant rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans, and infections. Because of that, the success of this treatment option depends on the correct choice of donor and candidates to receive a transplant. Objective This study aims to perform a survival analysis of transplanted patients in our center and determine predictive variables of mortality. Patients and Methods This study is a retrospective assessment of data collected from 510 patients at the Hospital University Reina Sofia from October 1993 to December 31, 2016. Patients who were retransplanted were excluded. We collected data regarding basal characteristics of the donors and candidates to receive a transplant. We analyzed the impact in terms of future survival of basal variables from donor and donor recipients. Results Five hundred ten patients were included (average age 44 ± 17 years, 69% male), with a maximum follow-up period of 21.6 years (average follow-up 4.52 years, interquartile ratio: 0.13 to 6.97 years). Two hundred twenty-seven patients died (54.3% of the total amount). The influence of donor's basal characteristics on mortality was analyzed; moreover, the relationship between basal variables and survival were analyzed using univariate analysis. Available variables were analyzed through multivariate analysis. Conclusion Lung transplantation is a treatment option with an acceptable risk of morbidity and mortality. Increased awareness of features of evolution could help to reduce postoperative complications.

Introduction Increased survival in lung transplant recipients, the need for immunosuppressive therapy, and many risk factors before and after transplantation enhance the development of malignancies. This study sought to analyze the incidence of noncutaneous tumors after lung transplantation in our hospital, the risk factors for malignancy, and its impact on prognosis. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients after lung transplantation in our hospital from October 1993 to December 2014. Results The study population included 443 patients. In total, 35 neoplasia developed in 33 patients (9.6%). Twelve cases were posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), 7 localized in the native lung, 7 gynecologic neoplasia (2 in the breast, 4 in the vulva, and 1 in the cervix), 3 in the colon, 2 in the nervous system (one was an astrocytoma), 2 in the prostate, 1 in the kidney, and 1 in the esophagus. The average time between transplantation and malignancy detection was 52.7 ± 45.4 months, being earlier in patients with PTLDs than in non-PTLD. Eleven patients who developed malignancy (all patients with neoplasia in native lung and in cervix, 1 in the colon, 1 PTLD, and 1 in the nervous system) died as a result of it. The only factor associated with an increased risk of malignancy in our population was smoking history. Conclusions Almost 10% of lung transplant recipients developed some type of noncutaneous neoplasia and the most frequently diagnosed were PTLDs. Lung neoplasia compromised most survival in these patients.