1,133 results on '"Androstenedione"'
Search Results
2. Preparation of randomly labeled steroid-C14 hormones: testosterone-C14, delta 4-androstene-3,17-dione-C14, progesterone-C14 and desoxycorticosterone-C14 acetate.
- Author
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SCHWENK E, WERTHESSEN NT, and COLTON AF
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- Acetates, Androgens, Androstenedione, Cholesterol, Desoxycorticosterone, Desoxycorticosterone Acetate, Hormones, Progesterone, Steroids, Testosterone
- Published
- 1954
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3. Effects of letrozole cotreatment on endocrinology and follicle development in women undergoing ovarian stimulation in an antagonist protocol.
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Poulsen, Liv C, Warzecha, Agnieszka K, Bülow, Nathalie S, Bungum, Leif, Macklon, Nicholas S, Andersen, Claus Yding, Skouby, Sven O, and Yding Andersen, Claus
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PROGESTERONE , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *CLINICAL trials , *ANDROGENS , *TESTOSTERONE , *RESEARCH funding , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *INDUCED ovulation , *FERTILIZATION in vitro - Abstract
Study Question: What are the downstream endocrine and paracrine consequences of letrozole (LZ) cotreatment during ovarian stimulation and is follicle growth and recruitment affected?Summary Answer: Letrozole cotreatment induces marked changes in both the follicular and luteal phase endocrinology causing potentiation of follicle diameter and an improved corpus luteum function without affecting the secondarily recruited follicle cohort.What Is Known Already: Letrozole is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor that is well-established as an effective ovulatory agent, while its possible benefits in standard in vitro fertilization protocols are less thoroughly investigated.Study Design, Size, Duration: This study included a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study with LZ or placebo intervention during ovarian stimulation for IVF treatment, an observational preceding baseline natural cycle and a succeeding follow-up visit. Participants were enrolled between August 2016 and November 2018. Data from the randomized, stimulated cycle were part of a larger RCT, which was previously published.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: The study was conducted at a public fertility clinic at Herlev Hospital, Denmark, including 31 healthy, normo-responding women eligible for IVF treatment. They underwent a natural baseline cycle and were subsequently randomized to receive either LZ 5 mg (n = 16) or placebo (n = 15) daily during ovarian stimulation from cycle day (CD) 2-3 until induction of ovulation. Throughout both cycles, monitoring was performed every third day with transvaginal ultrasound for assessment of follicle count and diameter, and blood analyses for the determination of twelve endocrine and paracrine parameters. A follow-up assessment was performed at CD2-3 in the succeeding cycle. In the randomized part of the study, we determined differences in blood parameters, follicle recruitment, and follicle diameter. In the observational part of the study, we assessed follicle recruitment in between cycles and its correlation to endocrine parameters.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Letrozole cotreatment significantly suppressed oestradiol (E2) concentrations in the follicular phase (area under the curve (AUC) -58% (95% CI [-70%; -43%], P < 0.001)) and luteal phase (AUC -39% [-63%; -1%], P = 0.046). This had a marked effect on the endocrine and paracrine output with increased follicular phase luteinizing hormone (AUC +37% [3%; 82%], P = 0.033), androstenedione (AUC +36% [6%; 74%], P = 0.016), testosterone (AUC +37% [7%; 73%], P = 0.013) and 17-OH-progesterone (AUC +114% [10%; 318%], P = 0.027). Furthermore, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was increased at stimulation day 5 in the LZ group (P < 0.05). In the luteal phase, increased corpus luteum output was reflected by elevated progesterone (AUC +44% [1%; 104%], P = 0.043), inhibin A (AUC +52% [11%; 108%], P = 0.011), androstenedione (AUC +31% [9%; 58%], P = 0.006) and testosterone (AUC +29% [6%; 57%], P = 0.012) in the LZ group. The altered balance between oestrogens and androgens was reflected in a markedly reduced SHBG concentration in the LZ group throughout the luteal phase (AUC -35% [-52%; -11%], P = 0.009). Endocrine and paracrine parameters were similar between groups at the follow-up visit. Letrozole cotreatment significantly increased the mean number of follicles >16 mm at oocyte retrieval (7.2 vs 5.2, difference: 2.0, 95% CI [0.1; 3.8], P = 0.036), while the mean total number of follicles at oocyte retrieval was the same (23.7 vs 23.5, difference: 0.2 [-5.8; 6.1], P = 0.958), and the mean FSH consumption during the stimulated cycle was similar (1500 vs 1520 IU, difference -20 IU [-175; 136], P = 0.794). Between cycles, the mean antral follicle count at CD2-3 was unchanged (natural cycle 19.0, stimulated cycle 20.9, follow-up cycle 19.7, P = 0.692) and there was no effect of LZ cotreatment on the recruitment of the next follicle cohort (test for interaction, P = 0.821).Limitations, Reasons For Caution: This study included a relatively small, selected group of healthy women with an expected normal ovarian function and reserve, and the effects of LZ may therefore be different in other patient groups.Wider Implications Of the Findings: We confirm some previous findings concerning increased follicle growth and increased endogenous FSH and androgen production, which support the rationale for further studies on the use of LZ cotreatment, for example, as a form of endogenous androgen priming sensitizing the follicle to FSH. Letrozole appears to improve the luteal phase with better stimulation of corpus luteum and progesterone secretion.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): The authors declare no conflicts of interest relating to the present work.Trial Registration Number: NCT02939898. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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4. Dried blood spot sampling of testosterone microdosing in healthy females.
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Desai, Reena, Savkovic, Sasha, and Handelsman, David J.
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LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry , *BLOOD sampling , *SAMPLING (Process) , *END of treatment , *HYDROXYPROGESTERONE - Abstract
Capillary dried blood spot (DBS) analysis coupled with multi-analyte steroid liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) is attractive for field studies, home-based self-sampling as well as clinical trials by eliminating costly and laborious sample processing involving venipuncture and frozen storage/shipping while providing multiple steroid measurements from a single small sample. We investigated steroid measurements in DBS samples stored for four years at room temperature prior to analysis compared with the original venipuncture serum samples. Healthy women (n=12) provided paired DBS and blood samples over two weeks run-in before seven days treatment with daily transdermal T gel (12.5 mg) and after the end of treatment on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14. Compliance with treatment and sampling was high and no adverse effects were reported. Testosterone (T), androstenedione (A 4), 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and progesterone (P 4) were measured in extracted DBS samples as whole blood concentrations with and without adjustment for hematocrit. Using the same LCMS methods, DBS T and A 4 measurements had high correlation with minimal bias from prior serum measurements with DBS T displaying the same pattern as serum, with or without hematocrit adjustment. However, serial whole blood measurements of T without hematocrit adjustment provided the best fitting model compared with serum, urine, or hematocrit-adjusted whole blood T measurements. These finding facilitate and simplify DBS methodology for wider field and home-based self-sampling studies of reproductive steroids indicating the need for hematocrit adjustment may be superfluous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. A unified total synthesis route to 18-trideuterated and/or 19-trideuterated testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone.
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Qian, Mingxing and Covey, Douglas F.
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ANDROSTENEDIONE , *PROGESTERONE , *STEROID hormones , *STEROID synthesis , *TESTOSTERONE - Abstract
• A unified total synthetic route to 18- and 19-trideuteromethyl steroids is described. • The method can also be used to prepare 18,19-hexadeuteromethyl steroids. • Compounds are useful for preparing calibration curves for mass spec analysis of these steroid hormones. • Compounds are useful for distinguishing between these endogenous and exogenous steroids under various conditions. A unified total synthesis route has been used to prepare 18- and 19-trideuterated testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone. The 18-trideuterated steroid synthetic method starts with the synthesis of 2-(methyl- d 3)-1,3-cyclopentanedione from CD 3 I and 1,3-cyclopentanedione and is subsequently converted into the Hajos-Parrish ketone for synthesis of these trideuterated steroids. The 19-trideuterated steroid synthesis proceeds through non-deuterated Hajos-Parrish ketone with incorporation of the 19-methyl- d 3 group from CD 3 I at a later stage of the same synthetic route. Utilization of CD 3 I at both the initial and later stages of the synthesis provides a route to 18,19-hexadeuterated steroids. The deuterated steroids are useful for studies of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Histological evaluation of sex differentiation and early sex identification in hatchery-produced greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) reared in sea cages.
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Papadaki, Maria, Mandalakis, Manolis, Anastasiou, Thekla I., Pouli, Marina, Asderis, Michalis, Katharios, Pantelis, Papandroulakis, Nikos, and Mylonas, Constantinos C.
- Abstract
The histological process of gonadal differentiation, together with the endocrine changes of sex steroid hormones and some of their precursors, was studied in hatchery-produced greater amberjack Seriola dumerili from 101 until 408 days post-hatching (dph), with samplings conducted every 50 days. Histological processing showed that sex differentiation began at 101 dph with the formation of the ovarian cavity in females, while the presumptive males did not yet contain any germ cells in their gonad. At 150 dph, we observed the first germ cells in the developing testes. Sex differentiation in almost all sampled individuals was complete at 408 dph. No size dimorphism was observed between the sexes, and the sex ratio was 1:1, suggesting that there was no influence of early rearing in captivity on sex differentiation. Plasma concentrations of adrenosterone (Ad), androstenedione (Δ4), 11-ketotestosterone (11ΚΤ), testosterone (Τ), estradiol (Ε
2 ), progesterone (P4) and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) were measured in males and females with the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to examine their role in the sex differentiation process. From the seven hormones, the only one that exhibited differences between the sexes was 11-KT and the plasma 11-KT concentration was found to be a useful indication of greater amberjack sex. Variations were observed in the mean values of Ad, Δ4, 11-KT, T, P4 and 17,20βP over time in one or both sexes, indicating their involvement in the sex differentiation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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7. Consumption of bitter apricot seeds affects lipid and endocrine profile in women.
- Author
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Kopčeková, Jana, Kováčiková, Eva, Kováčik, Anton, Kolesárová, Anna, Mrázová, Jana, Chlebo, Peter, and Kolesárová, Adriana
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FOOD additives , *INHIBIN , *APRICOT , *ARTIFICIAL foods , *BIOACTIVE compounds , *BLOOD lipids - Abstract
Natural products have been attracting increasing attention in human diet, both due to the possible negative effects of synthetic food additives on human health and the increased consumer perception. Apricot seeds contain a wide variety of bioactive components and their consumption is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of bitter apricot seeds on blood lipid and endocrine profile in Slovak women (n = 18, 41.60 ± 11.28 years) of reproductive age. Volunteers consumed 60 mg.kg−1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds divided into 8-12 doses daily for 42 days. During the experiment, three blood collections were carried out (at the beginning of the experiment - day 0, and after 21 and 42 days of consumption apricot seeds). Lipid profile was measured in terms of – total cholesterol (T-C, enzymatic photometric method), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C, calculated using the Friedewald equation), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C, direct clearance method), triglycerides (TG, enzymatic colorimetric method) whereas endocrine profile - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone, and androstenedione was assessed by ELISA. The blood levels of T-C, HDL-C and T-C did not change significantly (P > 0.05), however, the level of LDL-C decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after 42 days. On the other hand, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase of T-C and TG after 21 days. The blood level of FSH, testosterone and androstenedione increased significantly (P < 0.05) although the levels of LH, PRL, P4 and E2 did not change (P > 0.05) after 42 days. The level of PRL and testosterone significantly (P < 0.05) increased and E2 significantly decreased after 21 days of apricot seeds consumption. The study suggests that daily consumption of apricot seeds may affect plasma lipid and endocrine profile in women of reproductive age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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8. Follicular Fluid Hormone Profiles in Natural Cycle IVF Patients During Follicular Phase
- Author
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Ellissa Baskind, N., Sharma, Vinay, Chian, Ri-Cheng, editor, Nargund, Geeta, editor, and Huang, Jack Y. J., editor
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- 2017
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9. Menstrual Pattern, Reproductive Hormones, and Transabdominal 3D Ultrasound in 317 Adolescent Girls.
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Assens, Maria, Dyre, Liv, Henriksen, Louise Scheutz, Brocks, Vibeke, Sundberg, Karin, Jensen, Lisa Neerup, Pedersen, Anette Tønnes, and Main, Katharina M.
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MENSTRUATION ,MENARCHE ,TEENAGE girls ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,SOMATOMEDIN ,RESEARCH ,ULTRASONIC imaging ,FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone ,THREE-dimensional imaging ,PROGESTERONE ,MENSTRUAL cycle ,ESTRADIOL ,TESTOSTERONE ,RESEARCH methodology ,DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,FEMALE reproductive organs ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SEX hormones ,GLYCOPROTEINS ,LUTEINIZING hormone ,ABDOMEN ,ANDROSTENEDIONE ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Context: The knowledge of normal variation of reproductive hormones, internal genitalia imaging, and the prevalence of gynecological disorders in adolescent girls is limited.Objective: The study aimed to describe reproductive parameters in postmenarchal girls from the general population including the frequency of oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and use of hormonal contraception.Design: The Copenhagen Mother-Child Cohort is a population-based longitudinal birth cohort of 1210 girls born between 1997 and 2002.Setting: University hospital.Participants: A total of 317 girls were included, with a median age of 16.1 years and time since menarche of 2.9 years.Main Outcome Measure(s): Tanner stage, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle length and regularity, ovarian/uterine volume, and number of follicles were recorded. Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, estradiol, testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-OH-progesterone, and IGF-1 were measured.Results: Twenty girls (6.3%) had oligomenorrhea and differed significantly in serum androgens and AMH, age at and time since menarche from girls with regular cycles. Twenty-seven girls were classified with PCOS (8.5%) and had significantly higher 17-OH-progesterone, estradiol, AMH, LH, and age at menarche than the reference group. Girls on oral contraception had significantly higher serum SHBG concentrations and lower serum concentrations of all hormones except AMH and IGF-1. Ovarian follicles 2 to 29.9 mm correlated positively with serum AMH (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Most 16-year-old girls had regular menstrual cycles, normal reproductive hormones, and uterine and ovarian ultrasound. Serum AMH reflected ovarian follicle count and may be a useful biomarker of ovarian reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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10. Inflammatory Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
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Rudnicka, E., Kunicki, M., Suchta, K., Machura, P., Grymowicz, M., and Smolarczyk, R.
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ACADEMIC medical centers , *BIOMARKERS , *C-reactive protein , *DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE , *ESTRADIOL , *GLUCOSE tolerance tests , *SEX hormones , *INFLAMMATORY mediators , *INSULIN , *INSULIN resistance , *PROGESTERONE , *RISK assessment , *POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome , *TESTOSTERONE , *WOMEN'S health , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *BODY mass index , *LEUKOCYTE count - Abstract
Several studies have reported the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and low-grade chronic inflammation to be of uncertain cause: obesity, insulin resistance, or PCOS itself. The aim of the study was to investigate the WBC (white blood cell) count and CRP (C-reactive protein) concentration in women with PCOS and to determine the factors that affect their concentration. The study included 200 women aged 18-40 with PCOS and 105 healthy women as the control group, recruited in the Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology of Medical University in Warsaw from 2016 to 2018. Each patient underwent clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic assessments. WBC and CRP were significantly higher in the PCOS group (Z = − 2,353 , p = 0,019 and Z = − 2,453 , p = 0,014). WBC positively correlated with serum insulin at 0, 60, and 120 min during the oral glucose tolerance test (INS0: r = 0,221 , p = 0,001 ; INS1: r = 0,194 , p = 0,003 ; INS2: r = 0,022 , p = 0,001), testosterone (r = 0,130 , p = 0,046), androstenedione (r = 0,212 , p = 0,001), and DHEAS (r = 0,178 , p = 0,006) and negatively correlated with progesterone (r = − 0,204 , p = 0,002), estradiol (r = − 0,140 , p = 0,032), and SHBG (r = − 0,308 , p < 0,001). CRP positively correlated with insulin concentration in 0, 60, and 120 min during the oral glucose tolerance test (INS0: r = 0,343 , p < 0,001 ; INS1: r = 0,276 , p = 0,001 ; INS2: r = 0,320 , p < 001) and negatively correlated with progesterone (r = − 0,194 , p = 0,030) and SHBG (-0,244, p = 0,005). We also estimated positive correlation between BMI and serum CRP and WBC concentration. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CRP values are positively associated with BMI (beta = 0,374 , p < 0,001) and insulin level (INS1) (beta = 0,282 , p = 0,004); and WBC results are negatively associated with SHGB (beta = − 0,284 , p < 0,001) but positively associated with testosterone (beta = 0,163 , p = 0,024) and BMI (beta = 0,157 , p = 0,047). PCOS is associated with increased WBC and CRP concentrations. The main predicting factors of increased CRP are BMI and insulin resistance, but there is also a relationship between WBC count in PCOS and androgen concentration itself so that inflammation may be mediated not only through adiposity but also through increased androgen concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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11. Quantitative-Profiling Method of Serum Steroid Hormones by Hydroxylamine-Derivatization HPLC–MS.
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Liu, Qi, Chi, Quan, Fan, Ru-Ting, Tian, Hui-Dong, and Wang, Xian
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STEROID hormones ,HYDROXYLAMINE ,PROGESTERONE ,ESTRONE ,ANDROSTENEDIONE ,TESTOSTERONE ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry - Abstract
A sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of ten steroid hormones, including estrogens, androgens, progesterones, and corticosteroids four classes of steroids. The following ten steroid hormones were analyzed: progesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, estrone, 4-androstenedione, testosterone, dihydro-testosterone, androstenone, dehydroepiandrosterone, corticosterone and cortisone. Stable deuterated isotopes were used as internal standards for quantification. Sample preparation with and without derivatization were performed after liquid–liquid extraction, and the corresponding results were compared according to sensitivity and selectivity. Hydroxylamine derivatization was found to improve the ionization efficiency of the analytes for electrospray ionization MS analysis. The gradient of mobile phase and experimental parameters for HPLC separation were optimized. The lower limits of quantification were in the range of 0.05–5 ng mL
−1 with wide linear range for the ten steroid hormones. The intra-day precision < 11.1% and recovery of 84.5–120% with negligible matrix effect were achieved, where within the acceptance limits of the FDA guideline. Total HPLC–MS analysis time was 6 min. This method enables simultaneous quantification of steroids in human serum. It will be helpful for the serum steroid profiling in order to understand various endocrinology diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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12. Di-n-Butyl Phthalate and Its Monoester Metabolite Impairs Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis in Human Cells: Mechanistic In Vitro Studies
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Liselott, Källsten, Paula, Pierozan, Jonathan W, Martin, and Oskar, Karlsson
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Male ,Hydrocortisone ,Androstenedione ,Phthalic Acids ,Adenosine Monophosphate ,Dibutyl Phthalate ,Superoxides ,Humans ,Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase ,Steroids ,Testosterone ,Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme ,Corticosterone ,Progesterone - Abstract
The widespread environmental contaminant di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) has been linked with reduced testosterone levels and adverse reproductive health outcomes in men. However, the underlying mechanisms of these anti-androgenic effects and the potential effects on other classes of steroid hormones remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted mechanistic studies in human adrenocortical H295R cells exposed to 1-500 µM of DBP or its metabolite, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), for 48 h. Quantification of steroid hormones in the cell medium by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that both phthalates significantly decreased testosterone, androstenedione, corticosterone, and progesterone levels, in particular after dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP stimulation of steroidogenesis. Western blot analysis of key steroidogenic proteins showed that DBP induced a dose-dependent decrease of CYP11A1 and HSD3β2 levels, while MBP only significantly decreased CYP17A1 levels, indicating that the compounds affect early steps of the steroidogenesis differently. Both DBP and MBP exposure also lead to a dose-related decrease in HSD17β3, the enzyme which catalyzes the final step in the testosterone biosynthesis pathway, although these effects were not statistically significant. Interestingly, DBP increased the cortisol concentration, which may be due to the non-significant CYP11B1 increase in DBP-exposed cells. In contrast, MBP decreased cortisol concentration. Moreover, the analysis of superoxide generation and quantification of the protein oxidation marker nitrotyrosine demonstrated that DBP induced oxidative stress in H295R cells while MBP reduced protein nitrotyrosine levels. These findings confirm the anti-androgenic effects of DBP and MBP and reveal several differences in their toxicological mechanisms, with possible implications for future research on phthalate toxicity.
- Published
- 2022
13. Anogenital distance is determined during early gestation in humans.
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Jain, Viral G, Goyal, Vaibhav, Chowdhary, Vikas, Swarup, Namita, Singh, Ravinder J, Singal, Arbinder, and Shekhawat, Prem
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GESTATIONAL age , *ANDROGEN receptors , *TESTOSTERONE , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *ANUS , *CORD blood , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MASS spectrometry , *PENIS , *PROGESTERONE , *SCROTUM , *SEX distribution , *VULVA - Abstract
Study Question: Does cord blood androgen level obtained at birth affect the AGD in human newborns?Summary Answer: In human newborns, though males have a significantly longer AGD compared to females (as early as 22 weeks of gestation) the AGD is not affected by androgen levels at birth in both the sexes.What Is Known Already: Animal studies have reported a critical time period in early fetal life, termed the masculinization programming window (MPW) during which AGD is fixed by in utero androgen action and is unaffected by testosterone levels later during gestation. Thus, AGD may serve as a lifelong biomarker of androgen exposure during this window. This MPW is hypothesized to occur in humans at 8-14 weeks of gestation during which AGD is fixed. The effect of androgens (testosterone) on AGD after the MPW in humans is not known. Furthermore, altered AGD has been associated with various human reproductive health disorders in both males and females.Study Design, Size, Duration: A prospective descriptive cohort study was performed using data from randomly selected neonates (n = 205) born at a single center over a period of 1 year (August 2015 to August 2016).Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: AGDs in male (n = 117) and female infants (n = 88) together with penile width, glans girth and stretched penile length were measured by trained caregivers. Gestation ranged from 22 to 41 weeks and infants were examined within 24 h of birth (within 48-72 h in very sick preterm infants after clinical stabilization). AGD-1 was measured from the center of the anus to the posterior base of scrotum in males or to the posterior fourchette in females. AGD-2 was measured from the center of the anus to the anterior base of the penis in males or to the clitoris in females. Sex steroid hormones (testosterone, 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP) and androstenedione) were measured in serum prepared from umbilical cord blood samples taken at birth, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Males had a significantly lower gestational age (mean ± SD; 34.6 ± 4.9 versus 36.1 ± 4.1 weeks, P = 0.04), and a significantly longer AGD-1 (mean ± SD; 21.6 ± 6.0 versus 12.7 ± 3.8 mm, P < 0.001) and AGD-2 (41.9 ± 8.7 versus 33.9 ± 7.1 mm, P = 0.004) compared to female infants, respectively. The cord serum testosterone levels were significantly higher for male than female infants [median, interquartile range; 13.0 (7.3, 20.5) versus 4.1 (2.5, 5.9), ng/dl, P < 0.001]. There was no difference in levels of 17-OHP (P = 0.697) or androstenedione (P = 0.601) between the two sexes. On multiple regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders, none of the AGD's in both males and females correlated with any sex steroid hormonal levels. We also provide normative charts for penile length, penile width and glans girth in preterm and term infants.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: No data were collected on family history of genital malformation, infertility or hormonal disorders, parental endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure or diet pattern, any of which might have influenced the AGD and/or sex steroid hormone levels in the offspring.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Our results suggest that AGD in humans, like animals, is fixed in early gestation (likely during the hypothesized MPW) and is unaffected by androgen levels thereafter. Thus, AGD can serve as a biomarker of in utero androgen action during early gestation (likely 8-14 weeks) in humans. As such, causes of human newborn and adult reproductive health disorders, such as endocrine disruptors, should be explored during early gestation. However, further larger studies are needed to help corroborate these findings.Study Funding/competing Interests: No specific funding was obtained for this study, and all authors have no conflict of interest to declare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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14. Microbial transformation of some steroids by Cladosporium cladosporioides MRC 70282.
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Yildirim, Kudret, Kuru, Ali, and Yılmaz, Raşit Fikret
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MICROBIOLOGICAL synthesis , *BIOCONVERSION , *CLADOSPORIUM , *TESTOSTERONE , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *PROGESTERONE - Abstract
Incubation of testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone with Cladosporium cladosporioides MRC 70282 for 5 days is reported. Testosterone was hydroxylated at C-16ß and then oxidised at C-16. This was accompanied by a minor independent oxidation at C-17 and epimerisation at C-17. Androstenedione was reduced at C-17 and hydroxylated at C-16ß, and this was then oxidised to a ketone at C-16. This was accompanied by a minor epimerisation at C-17. Progesterone was hydroxylated at C-21, and this was accompanied by a minor independent 5a-reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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15. Sexual function in women with Cushing's Syndrome: A controlled study.
- Author
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Keskin, Fatma Ela, Özkaya, Hande Mefkure, Ortaç, Mazhar, Salabaş, Emre, Kadıoğlu, Ateş, and Kadıoğlu, Pınar
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FEMALE reproductive organ diseases , *SEXUAL dysfunction , *CUSHING'S syndrome , *AROUSAL (Physiology) , *DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE , *MENTAL depression , *ESTRADIOL , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *HEALTH surveys , *HYDROCORTISONE , *LUTEINIZING hormone , *ORGASM , *PAIN , *PROGESTERONE , *PROLACTIN , *QUALITY of life , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SEXUAL excitement , *TESTOSTERONE , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *BODY mass index , *CASE-control method , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the severity of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), quality of life, and depression status in female patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). Material and methods: This study included 29 sexually active women with CS and 30 healthy age and body mass index matched women. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were filled by each participant. Plasma levels of FSH, LH, PRL, cortisol, DHEA-S, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, free testosterone, total testosterone and estradiol were measured. Results: Female sexual dysfunction was present in 88.9% of the women with CS and 24.1% of the control group. The CS group showed a lower total FSFI score [16.6 (IQR: 5-23)] compared to the healthy women [26.8 (IQR: 25.5-30.4) (p<0.001)]. The FSFI scores in the arousal, lubrication, orgasm, pain and satisfaction domains were all lower in the women with CS (p<0.001). Both summary scores of the SF-36 were reduced in women with Cushing's syndrome compared to the control group (p=0.001). The BDI scores of patients were significantly higher than those of the control subjects (p=0.007). In patients with CS, levels of LH, estradiol, and DHEA-S04 were significantly lower while cortisol (p<0.05), and 17 hydroxyprogestrone levels were higher than control subjects (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that majority of the women with CS had FSD. This may be related to the inhibitory effect of cortisol on sex hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. Characterization of equine GST A3-3 as a steroid isomerase.
- Author
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Lindström, Helena, Mannervik, Bengt, Peer, Shawna M., and Ing, Nancy H.
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STEROIDS , *ISOMERASES , *PROGESTERONE , *TESTOSTERONE , *ISOMERIZATION - Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) comprise a superfamily of enzymes prominently involved in detoxication by making toxic electrophiles more polar and therefore more easily excretable. However some GSTs have developed alternative functions. Thus, a member of the Alpha class GSTs in pig and human tissues is involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, catalyzing the obligatory double-bond isomerization of Δ 5 -androstene-3,17-dione to Δ 4 -androstene-3,17-dione and of Δ 5 -pregnene-3,20-dione to Δ 4 -pregnene-3,20-dione on the biosynthetic pathways to testosterone and progesterone. The human GST A3-3 is the most efficient steroid double-bond isomerase known so far in mammals. The current work extends discoveries of GST enzymes that act in the steroidogenic pathways in large mammals. The mRNA encoding the steroid isomerase GST A3-3 was cloned from testis of the horse ( Equus ferus caballus). The concentrations of GSTA3 mRNA were highest in hormone-producing organs such as ovary, testis and adrenal gland. EcaGST A3-3 produced in E. coli has been characterized and shown to have highly efficient steroid double-bond isomerase activity, exceeding its activities with conventional GST substrates. The enzyme now ranks as one of the most efficient steroid isomerases known in mammals and approaches the activity of the bacterial ketosteroid isomerase, one of the most efficient enzymes of all categories known today. The high efficiency and the tissue distribution of EcaGST A3-3 support the view that the enzyme plays a physiologically significant role in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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17. Relationships between POPs, biometrics and circulating steroids in male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard.
- Author
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Ciesielski, Tomasz M., Hansen, Ingunn Tjelta, Bytingsvik, Jenny, Hansen, Martin, Lie, Elisabeth, Aars, Jon, Jenssen, Bjørn M., and Styrishave, Bjarne
- Subjects
PERSISTENT pollutants ,BIOMETRY ,POLAR bear ,ANDROSTENEDIONE ,PROGESTERONE ,POLYBROMINATED diphenyl ethers ,POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and biometric variables on circulating levels of steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens and progestagens) in male polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) from Svalbard, Norway (n = 23). Levels of pregnenolone (PRE), progesterone (PRO), androstenedione (AN), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone (TS), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (αE2) and 17β-estradiol (βE2) were quantified in polar bear serum by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), while POPs were measured in plasma. Subsequently, associations between hormone concentrations (9 steroids), POPs (21 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 8 OH-PCBs, 8 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and OCP metabolites, and 2 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) and biological variables (age, head length, body mass, girth, body condition index), capture date, location (latitude and longitude), lipid content and cholesterol levels were examined using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) modelling. Average concentrations of androgens, estrogens and progestagens were in the range of 0.57–83.7 (0.57–12.4 for subadults, 1.02–83.7 for adults), 0.09–2.69 and 0.57–2.44 nmol/L, respectively. The steroid profiles suggest that sex steroids were mainly synthesized through the Δ-4 pathway in male polar bears. The ratio between androgens and estrogens significantly depended on sexual maturity with androgen/estrogen ratios being approximately 60 times higher in adult males than in subadult males. PCA plots and OPLS models indicated that TS was positively related to biometrics, such as body condition index in male polar bears. A negative relationship was also observed between POPs and DHT. Consequently, POPs and body condition may potentially affect the endocrinological function of steroids, including development of reproductive tissues and sex organs and the general condition of male polar bears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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18. Consumption of bitter apricot seeds affects lipid and endocrine profile in women
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Peter Chlebo, Adriana Kolesárová, Jana Mrázová, Anton Kováčik, Jana Kopčeková, A. Kolesarova, and Eva Kovacikova
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Adult ,Slovakia ,food.ingredient ,genetic structures ,Prunus armeniaca ,Endocrine System ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Human health ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,Humans ,Endocrine system ,Testosterone ,Food science ,Androstenedione ,Progesterone ,Triglycerides ,Consumption (economics) ,Estradiol ,Triglyceride ,Cholesterol ,Food additive ,Testosterone (patch) ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Luteinizing Hormone ,Middle Aged ,Lipids ,040401 food science ,Pollution ,Prolactin ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Seeds ,Female ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Food Science - Abstract
Natural products have been attracting increasing attention in human diet, both due to the possible negative effects of synthetic food additives on human health and the increased consumer perception. Apricot seeds contain a wide variety of bioactive components and their consumption is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of bitter apricot seeds on blood lipid and endocrine profile in Slovak women (n = 18, 41.60 ± 11.28 years) of reproductive age. Volunteers consumed 60 mg.kg
- Published
- 2021
19. Plants are Capable of Synthesizing Animal Steroid Hormones
- Author
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Danuše Tarkowská
- Subjects
natural sterols ,plants ,animals ,steroid hormones ,estrogens ,progesterone ,testosterone ,boldenone ,boldione ,androstenedione ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
As a result of the findings of scientists working on the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in the plant and animal kingdoms over the past five decades, it has become apparent that those compounds that naturally occur in animals can also be found as natural constituents of plants and vice versa, i.e., they have essentially the same fate in the majority of living organisms. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of animal steroid hormones in the plant kingdom, particularly focusing on progesterone, testosterone, androstadienedione (boldione), androstenedione, and estrogens.
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- 2019
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20. Age at menarche relates to depression in adolescent girls: Comparing a clinical sample to the general pediatric population
- Author
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Hirtz, Raphael, Libuda, Lars, Hinney, Anke, Föcker, Manuel, Bühlmeier, Judith, Holterhus, Paul-Martin, Kulle, Alexandra, Kiewert, Cordula, Kuhnert, Ronny, Cohrdes, Caroline, Peters, Triinu, Hebebrand, Johannes, and Grasemann, Corinna
- Subjects
Menarche ,Adolescent ,Estradiol ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,Depression ,Puberty ,Medizin ,Androstenedione ,Dihydrotestosterone ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Androgens ,Humans ,Female ,Testosterone ,Child ,Progesterone - Abstract
The timing of puberty, physical features of pubertal development, and hormones are closely intertwined but may also individually contribute to the risk for depression and depression severity. Additionally, their effects on mood may depend on depression severity, but previously this has only been studied in mostly subclinical depression.In 184 girls from a single psychiatric hospital with significant depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II score 13), the relationship between depression severity and age at menarche (AAM), pubertal status, and gonadal/adrenal hormones (estradiol, progesterone, DHEA-S, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone) was investigated. Moreover, AAM in depressed girls was compared to that from a representative sample of German adolescents without a psychiatric disorder (N = 1674). Androgen levels were compared to those of age- and sex-matched controls (N = 59).AAM but not pubertal stage or biochemical parameters related to depression. Girls with AAM at the lower normative range of pubertal development were 61 % more likely to develop depression and scored 4.9 points higher on the depression scale than girls experiencing menarche at the population average. Androstenedione levels were increased in the psychiatric sample, but neither androgen nor gonadal hormone levels were associated with depression severity.The study is cross-sectional.These observations confirm previous studies in mostly subclinical depression and highlight the importance of AAM for adolescent depression. Thus, AAM could be considered a prognostic factor for a clinical risk score assessing the probability of adolescent depression. Moreover, these findings suggest fostering efforts that address risk factors that contribute to an earlier AAM.
- Published
- 2022
21. Pediatric reference intervals for Free Testosterone, 17-OH Progesterone, Androstenedione, and IGF-1 with chemiluminescence immunoassay
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A. Orçun, Z. Yildiz, and L. Köroğlu Dağdelen
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Pharmacology ,Immunoassay ,Male ,Luminescence ,Organic Chemistry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Androstenedione ,Biochemistry ,Endocrinology ,Reference Values ,Androgens ,Humans ,Female ,Testosterone ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Child ,Molecular Biology ,Progesterone - Abstract
The aim of the study was to produce age and sex specific pediatric reference intervals (RIs) on a fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) system.A total of 1586 patients' remnant sera were included in the study and free testosterone (FT), 17-OH progesterone (17OHP), androstenodione (A4) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) parameters were measured on MAGLUMI 2000 (Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd. (Snibe), Shenzhen, China) CLIA analyser. After appropriate age and gender partitioning, specific intervals were calculated according to Clinical Laboratory Standart Institute's (CLSI) C28-A3 protocol.All analytes showed sex and age dependent concentrations requiring several subgroups with specific reference intervals. 17OHP and A4 were found high with birth, declined thereafter: 17OHP by the end of 12 months and A4 by 6 months. So this period was also partitioned for these two hormones. All showed gradual increases by the end of 18 years. 17OHP, A4 and IGF-1 of girls were higher than boys around puberty as the result of earlier sexual development and maturation. FT values of boys and girls didn't differ from each other upto 10 years of age but boys had significantly higher values than girls afterwards. IGF-1 values gradually increase in both sexes upto the ages of 13, girls with significantly higher values than boys. In 13-18 years no significant gender difference was found.We present method specific pediatric RIs, which are comparable with medical literature, necessary for interpretation of patient results.
- Published
- 2022
22. [Hyperandrogenism after menopause: Ovarian or adrenal origin?]
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J, Sarfati, M, Moraillon-Bougerolle, and S, Christin-Maitre
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Ovary ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Androgens ,Androstenedione ,Humans ,Alopecia ,Female ,Testosterone ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Menopause ,Hyperandrogenism ,Progesterone - Abstract
Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is an androgen excess originating from either the adrenals and/or the ovaries. Clinically, symptoms can be moderate (increase in terminal hair growth, acnea) or severe with signs of virilization (alopecia, clitoridomegaly). In either setting, physicians need to exclude relatively rare but potentially life-threatening underlying tumorous causes, such as adrenal androgen-secreting tumors. The objectives of this review are to evaluate which hormonal measurements (T, delta 4 androstenedione, 17 OH progesterone, SDHEA, FSH, LH) and/or imaging (pelvic ultrasound, MRI or adrenal CT-scan) could be useful identifying the origin of the androgen excess. Our review illustrates that the rate of progression of hirsutism and/or alopecia, and serum testosterone levels are in favor of tumors. Pelvic MRI and adrenal CT-scan are useful tools for identifying the different causes of androgen excess.
- Published
- 2022
23. Differentiation of boldenone administration from ex vivo transformation in the urine of castrated male horses
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Marjaana Viljanto, Zied Kaabia, Polly Taylor, Tessa Muir, Jocelyn Habershon‐Butcher, Ludovic Bailly‐Chouriberry, and James Scarth
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Doping in Sports ,Male ,Androstenedione ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Analytical Chemistry ,Anabolic Agents ,Androgens ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Steroids ,Testosterone ,Horses ,Spectroscopy ,Progesterone - Abstract
Boldenone is an anabolic-androgenic steroid that is prohibited in equine sports. However, in certain situations, it is endogenous or is believed to be formed by microbes in urine, and therefore, an approach for the differentiation is required. Following the identification of Δ1-progesterone and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone as potential biomarkers of microbial activity, the presence of six steroids was investigated in the postrace urine of castrated male horses (geldings, n = 158). In line with endogenous findings from several other species when ultrasensitive methods are employed, boldenone was detected at low concentrations in all urine samples (27.0-1330 pg/ml). Furthermore, testosterone and androstenedione were detected in 157 samples (≤12,400 and 944 pg/ml, respectively), boldienone in two samples (≤22.0 pg/ml) and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone in 20 samples (≤66.0 pg/ml). Δ1-Progesterone was not detected in any population samples analysed on arrival at the laboratory. The ex vivo transformation of boldienone, boldenone, androstenedione, Δ1-progesterone and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone was induced following the storage of urine samples at room temperature for 7 days but not after refrigeration. Because the administration of inappropriately stored feed sources also resulted in an increase in 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone concentrations, a biomarker approach to distinguish steroid administrations was proposed. In situations where the presence of boldenone would exceed a proposed action limit, the presence of Δ1-progesterone and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone would be investigated. If either Δ1-progesterone or 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone would exceed 50 and 100 pg/ml, respectively, for instance, then this would indicate ex vivo transformation or consumption of altered feed rather than steroid administration.
- Published
- 2022
24. Plasma profile of follicle-stimulating hormone and sex steroid hormones after a single epidural administration of follicle-stimulating hormone via caudal vertebrae in Holstein dry cows
- Author
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Kenichiro Sakaguchi, Tomoko Suda, Nattapong Ninpetch, Kohei Kawano, Yojiro Yanagawa, Seiji Katagiri, Koji Yoshioka, and Masashi Nagano
- Subjects
Coccyx ,Estradiol ,Swine ,Androstenedione ,Animals ,Cattle ,Female ,Testosterone ,General Medicine ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Progesterone - Abstract
The conventional follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment for bovine superstimulation involves multiple intramuscular injections, which is stressful for animals and onerous. We herein investigated whether a single epidural injection of porcine FSH (pFSH) can induce superovulation and peripheral concentrations of pFSH and steroid hormones after the treatment in Holstein dry cows. We intramuscularly administered pFSH twice daily to three cows for 3 days (control) or a single epidural pFSH administration (epidural). Numbers of follicles (≥10 mm in diameter) at estrus and corpora lutea at luteal phase were counted by ultrasonography. Blood was sampled from 0 to 104 h after the first pFSH administration and plasma pFSH, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol-17β concentrations were measured. Numbers of follicles (control: 18.3 ± 7.5, epidural: 15.7 ± 4.0; mean ± SD) and corpora lutea (control: 7.3 ± 4.2, epidural: 8.0 ± 2.6) were similar between both treatments. Plasma pFSH concentrations were higher in epidural than in control (p 0.01). Although no significant differences were observed in progesterone, androstenedione, or estradiol-17β concentrations between the groups, testosterone concentrations were slightly lower with the epidural treatment than with the control treatment (p = 0.08). In conclusion, superovulation was induced by a single epidural injection of pFSH, which achieved higher pFSH level than the multiple injections in Holstein dry cows.
- Published
- 2022
25. Comprehensive Sex Steroid Profiling in Multiple Tissues Reveals Novel Insights in Sex Steroid Distribution in Male Mice
- Author
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Hannah Colldén, Maria E Nilsson, Anna-Karin Norlén, Andreas Landin, Sara H Windahl, Jianyao Wu, Karin L Gustafsson, Matti Poutanen, Henrik Ryberg, Liesbeth Vandenput, and Claes Ohlsson
- Subjects
gonadal steroid hormones ,Male ,mice ,Estradiol ,Estrone ,Adipose Tissue, White ,Androstenedione ,gas chromatography mass spectrometry ,androgens ,tissue ,Dihydrotestosterone ,progesterone ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Animals ,Testosterone ,Tissue Distribution ,Orchiectomy ,AcademicSubjects/MED00250 ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Research Article - Abstract
A comprehensive atlas of sex steroid distribution in multiple tissues is currently lacking, and how circulating and tissue sex steroid levels correlate remains unknown. Here, we adapted and validated a gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione, progesterone (Prog), estradiol, and estrone in mouse tissues. We then mapped the sex steroid pattern in 10 different endocrine, reproductive, and major body compartment tissues and serum of gonadal intact and orchiectomized (ORX) male mice. In gonadal intact males, high levels of DHT were observed in reproductive tissues, but also in white adipose tissue (WAT). A major part of the total body reservoir of androgens (T and DHT) and Prog was found in WAT. Serum levels of androgens and Prog were strongly correlated with corresponding levels in the brain while only modestly correlated with corresponding levels in WAT. After orchiectomy, the levels of the active androgens T and DHT decreased markedly while Prog levels in male reproductive tissues increased slightly. In ORX mice, Prog was by far the most abundant sex steroid, and, again, WAT constituted the major reservoir of Prog in the body. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive atlas of tissue and serum concentrations of sex hormones in male mice, revealing novel insights in sex steroid distribution. Brain sex steroid levels are well reflected by serum levels and WAT constitutes a large reservoir of sex steroids in male mice. In addition, Prog is the most abundant sex hormone in ORX mice.
- Published
- 2022
26. Circulating androgens and SHBG during the normal menstrual cycle in two ethnic populations.
- Author
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Rezaii, Taraneh, Gustafsson, Thomas P., Axelson, Magnus, Zamani, Leyla, Ernberg, Malin, Hirschberg, Angelica L., and Carlström, Kjell A. M.
- Subjects
- *
ANDROGENS , *SEX hormones , *PROGESTERONE , *LUTEINIZING hormone , *TESTOSTERONE , *DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE , *ASIANS , *ESTRADIOL , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *IMMUNOASSAY , *MENSTRUAL cycle , *REFERENCE values , *WHITE people , *ANDROSTENEDIONE - Abstract
The objective of this study was to study possible ethnic differences in steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) during the menstrual cycle. Serum levels of the ovarian steroids estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) and of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), SHBG, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone (T-ria) were all measured by immunoassay during the menstrual cycle in 15 Swedish and 11 West Asian regularly menstruating women. Testosterone (T-ms) was also measured by LC-MS/MS and so were 4-androstene-3,17-dione (A-4) and 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). There were no ethnic differences in levels of ovarian steroids, gonadotrophins, A-4, 17-OHP and T-ms. DHEA were significantly higher and SHBG significantly lower in West Asian than in Swedish women. Surprisingly, T-ria was significantly higher in West Asian than in Swedish women and higher than T-ms (47% in Swedish and 107% in West Asian women). The difference (T-ria − T-ms) showed strong positive correlations to DHEA in the total and in West Asian but not in Swedish women, indicating an influence of DHEA/DHEAS metabolites on the T-ria results. In conclusion, ethnic differences in cross reacting steroids may cause erroneous results in one ethnic group by a steroid immunoassay having reasonable specificity in another. The reasons for the lower SHBG and the higher DHEA levels in West Asian women are not known. The results raise the question about establishing different reference values for certain analytes in different ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
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27. Is acne a sign of androgen excess disorder or not?
- Author
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Uysal, Gulsum, Sahin, Yılmaz, Unluhizarci, Kursad, Ferahbas, Ayten, Uludag, Semih Zeki, Aygen, Ercan, and Kelestimur, Fahrettin
- Subjects
- *
ACNE , *HYPERANDROGENISM , *POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome , *LUTEINIZING hormone , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE , *ESTRADIOL , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *HYPERTRICHOSIS , *PROGESTERONE , *TESTOSTERONE , *CROSS-sectional method , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Objective: Acne is not solely a cosmetic problem. The clinical importance of acne in the estimation of androgen excess disorders is controversial. Recently, the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored third PCOS Consensus Workshop Group suggested that acne is not commonly associated with hyperandrogenemia and therefore should not be regarded as evidence of hyperandrogenemia. Our aim was to investigate whether acne is a sign of androgen excess disorder or not.Study Design: This is a cross sectional study that was performed in a university hospital involving 207 women, aged between 18 and 45 years, suffering mainly from acne. The women were assigned as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), idiopathic hirsutism (IH), idiopathic hyperandrogenemia (IHA). Women with acne associated with any of the androgen excess disorders mentioned above were named as hyperandrogenemia associated acne (HAA). Women with acne but without hirsutism and hyperandrogenemia and having ovulatory cycles were named as "isolated acne". Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, total testosterone and lipid levels were measured.Results: Acne score was similar between the women with isolated acne and HAA. The most common cause for acne was PCOS and only 28% of the women had isolated acne. 114 (55%) women had at least one raised serum androgen level.Conclusions: In this study, 72% of acneic women had clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenemia. In contrast to the suggestion of ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored third PCOS Consensus Workshop Group, our data indicate that the presence of androgen excess disorders should be evaluated in women presenting with acne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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28. Effects of 4-nonylphenol on the steroidogenesis of human adrenocarcinoma cell line (NCI-H295R).
- Author
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Bistakova, Jana, Forgacs, Zsolt, Bartos, Zsuzsa, Szivosne, Maria Racz, Jambor, Tomas, Knazicka, Zuzana, Tvrda, Eva, Libova, Lubica, Goc, Zofia, Massanyi, Peter, and Lukac, Norbert
- Subjects
- *
ADENOCARCINOMA , *NONYLPHENOL , *STEROIDS , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *PROGESTERONE - Abstract
In this study, the human H295R adrenocarcinoma cell line was exposed to different concentrations (0.04, 0.2, 1.0, 2.5 or 5 µg/mL) of nonylphenol (NP) to investigate its impact on the inhibition or induction of the steroid hormones production during 48 h ofin vitroculture. The hormone production was measured using ELISA kits. Results of thisin vitrostudy suggest various effect of nonylphenol in relatively low concentrations on the selected steroid hormones production by the human H295R adrenocarcinoma cell line. The inhibiting impact on progesterone and androstenedione production was observed. The amount of progesterone was significantly decreased at 1.0, 2.5 and 5 µg/mL NP. Equally, the androstenedione production significantly decreased at 5 µg/mL NP. On the other hand, the amount of testosterone and 17β-estradiol was induced after nonylphenol exposition. The significant increase of testosterone level was found out at treatment with 5 µg/mL NP. 17β-estradiol production significantly increased at the doses of 2.5 and 5 µg/mL NP. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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29. Adrenocorticotropic hormone elicits gonadotropin secretion in premenopausal women.
- Author
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Aleknaviciute, Jurate, Tulen, Joke H. M., Timmermans, Mirjam, de Rijke, Yolanda B., van Rossum, Elisabeth F. C., de Jong, Frank H., and Kushner, Steven A.
- Subjects
- *
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC hormone , *GONADOTROPIN , *PERIMENOPAUSE , *HYDROCORTISONE , *HYPOTHALAMIC-pituitary-adrenal axis , *DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE , *ENDOCRINE glands , *ESTRADIOL , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *HYPOTHALAMUS , *LUTEINIZING hormone , *PROGESTERONE , *TESTOSTERONE , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *HUMAN research subjects - Abstract
Study Question: Does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) induce gonadotropin release in premenopausal women?Summary Answer: Administration of ACTH stimulates gonadotropin release, most likely by stimulation of the production of cortisol, in premenopausal women.What Is Known Already: In animal models, acute activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been shown to induce gonadotropin release in the presence of sufficiently high estrogen levels. However, it is unknown whether the HPA axis has a similar influence on gonadotropin release in humans.Study Design, Size, Duration: This study had a mixed factorial design. A total of 60 healthy female participants participated in the experimental study.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: The study sample comprised three distinct hormonal-based populations according to their levels of progesterone (PROG) and estradiol (E2): (i) low-PROG-low-E2, (ii) low-PROG-high-E2 and (iii) high-PROG-high-E2 women. A low dose (1 µg) of ACTH was administered to all study participants. Serum steroid and gonadotropin concentrations were measured prior to, and at 30 and 90 minutes after, intravenous ACTH administration.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Mean serum cortisol levels increased significantly following ACTH administration in all groups (P < 0.001). Similarly, the serum levels of 17-OH-PROG, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone increased significantly in all groups (P < 0.01). The low-PROG-high-E2 and high-PROG-high-E2 groups exhibited a significant increase in LH and FSH levels (P < 0.001), whereas the low-PROG-low-E2 group demonstrated blunted LH and FSH responses to ACTH administration (P < 0.05).Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Testing was performed during the luteal phase of the natural menstrual cycle. Testing during the follicular phase might have elicited premature, or more pronounced, LH surges in response to ACTH administration.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which the adrenal cortex functions as a mediator of gonadotropin release. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the influence of acute stress on reproductive endocrinology.Study Funding/competing Interests: Funding was received from the Erasmus University Medical Center. The authors have no conflicts of interest.Trial Registration Number: EudraCT Number 2012-005640-14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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30. Menstrual Pattern, Reproductive Hormones, and Transabdominal 3D Ultrasound in 317 Adolescent Girls
- Author
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Liv Dyre, Karin Sundberg, Lisa Neerup Jensen, Vibeke Brocks, Maria Assens, Katharina M. Main, Louise S. Henriksen, and Anette Tønnes Pedersen
- Subjects
Anti-Mullerian Hormone ,Denmark ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Physiology ,Biochemistry ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,Abdomen ,Testosterone ,Longitudinal Studies ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Child ,Progesterone ,Ultrasonography ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Estradiol ,biology ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,Genitalia, Female ,Polycystic ovary ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Menarche ,Female ,Gonadal Hormones ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Context (language use) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Inhibins ,Ovarian follicle ,Ovarian reserve ,education ,Menstrual Cycle ,Menstrual cycle ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Androstenedione ,Luteinizing Hormone ,biology.protein ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,business - Abstract
Context The knowledge of normal variation of reproductive hormones, internal genitalia imaging, and the prevalence of gynecological disorders in adolescent girls is limited. Objective The study aimed to describe reproductive parameters in postmenarchal girls from the general population including the frequency of oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and use of hormonal contraception. Design The Copenhagen Mother-Child Cohort is a population-based longitudinal birth cohort of 1210 girls born between 1997 and 2002. Setting University hospital. Participants A total of 317 girls were included, with a median age of 16.1 years and time since menarche of 2.9 years. Main Outcome Measure(s) Tanner stage, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle length and regularity, ovarian/uterine volume, and number of follicles were recorded. Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, estradiol, testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-OH-progesterone, and IGF-1 were measured. Results Twenty girls (6.3%) had oligomenorrhea and differed significantly in serum androgens and AMH, age at and time since menarche from girls with regular cycles. Twenty-seven girls were classified with PCOS (8.5%) and had significantly higher 17-OH-progesterone, estradiol, AMH, LH, and age at menarche than the reference group. Girls on oral contraception had significantly higher serum SHBG concentrations and lower serum concentrations of all hormones except AMH and IGF-1. Ovarian follicles 2 to 29.9 mm correlated positively with serum AMH (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Most 16-year-old girls had regular menstrual cycles, normal reproductive hormones, and uterine and ovarian ultrasound. Serum AMH reflected ovarian follicle count and may be a useful biomarker of ovarian reserve.
- Published
- 2020
31. Preterm infant circulating sex steroid levels are not altered by transfusion with adult male plasma: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
- Author
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Anders K Nilsson, Gunnel Hellgren, Ulrika Sjöbom, Andreas Landin, Henrik Ryberg, Dirk Wackernagel, David Ley, Ingrid Hansen Pupp, Matti Poutanen, Claes Ohlsson, and Ann Hellstrom
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Estradiol ,Estrone ,Infant, Newborn ,Androstenedione ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Infant ,Dihydrotestosterone ,Blood Component Transfusion ,General Medicine ,Dehydroepiandrosterone ,Cohort Studies ,Plasma ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Humans ,Female ,Testosterone ,Infant, Premature ,Progesterone - Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine if plasma transfusions with male donor plasma to very preterm infants affect circulatory levels of sex steroids.Design and patientsRetrospective multicentre cohort study in 19 infants born at gestational age SettingThree neonatal intensive care units in Sweden.Main outcome measuresConcentrations of sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in donor plasma and infant plasma measured before and after a plasma transfusion and at 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours.ResultsThe concentrations of progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione were significantly lower in donor plasma than in infant plasma before the transfusion (median (Q1–Q3) 37.0 (37.0–37.0), 1918 (1325–2408) and 424 (303–534) vs 901 (599–1774), 4119 (2801–14 645) and 842 (443–1684) pg/mL), while oestrone and oestradiol were higher in donor plasma (17.4 (10.4–20.1) and 16.0 (11.7–17.2) vs 3.1 (1.1–10.2) and 0.25 (0.25–0.25) pg/mL). Median testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were 116-fold and 21-fold higher in donor plasma than pre-transfusion levels in female infants, whereas the corresponding difference was not present in male infants. Plasma sex steroid levels were unchanged after completed transfusion compared with pre-transfusion levels, irrespective of the gender of the receiving infant. The SHBG concentration was significantly higher in donor than in recipient plasma (22.8 (17.1–33.5) vs 10.2 (9.1–12.3) nmol/L) before transfusion but did not change in the infants after the transfusion.ConclusionsA single transfusion of adult male plasma to preterm infants had no impact on circulating sex steroid levels.
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- 2021
32. Sex steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
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Aayah Nounu, Siddhartha P. Kar, Caroline L. Relton, and Rebecca C. Richmond
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Adult ,Estradiol ,Hydrocortisone ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ,17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ,Androstenedione ,Breast Neoplasms ,Mendelian Randomization Analysis ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,Humans ,Female ,Testosterone ,ICEP ,Longitudinal Studies ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Aldosterone ,Progesterone ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) has the highest cancer incidence and mortality in women worldwide. Observational epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and other sex steroid hormones with postmenopausal BC. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate this association. Methods Genetic instruments for nine sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of UK Biobank (total testosterone (TT) N: 230,454, bioavailable testosterone (BT) N: 188,507 and SHBG N: 189,473), The United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (DHEAS N: 9722), the LIFE-Adult and LIFE-Heart cohorts (estradiol N: 2607, androstenedione N: 711, aldosterone N: 685, progesterone N: 1259 and 17-hydroxyprogesterone N: 711) and the CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium (cortisol N: 25,314). Outcome GWAS summary statistics were obtained from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) for overall BC risk (N: 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls) and subtype-specific analyses. Results We found that a standard deviation (SD) increase in TT, BT and estradiol increased the risk of overall BC (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09–1.21, OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07–1.33 and OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, respectively) and ER + BC (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12–1.27, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11–1.40 and OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09, respectively). An SD increase in DHEAS also increased ER + BC risk (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16). Subtype-specific analyses showed similar associations with ER+ expressing subtypes: luminal A-like BC, luminal B-like BC and luminal B/HER2-negative-like BC. Conclusions TT, BT, DHEAS and estradiol increase the risk of ER+ type BCs similar to observational studies. Understanding the role of sex steroid hormones in BC risk, particularly subtype-specific risks, highlights the potential importance of attempts to modify and/or monitor hormone levels in order to prevent BC.
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- 2021
33. Endogenous Circulating Sex Hormone Concentrations and Colon Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women: a Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis
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Matthias B. Schulze, Ruth C. Travis, Rosario Tumino, Rudolf Kaaks, Agnès Fournier, Niki Dimou, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Amanda J. Cross, Salvatore Panico, Marina Kvaskoff, Renée T. Fortner, María José Sánchez, Gianluca Severi, Dagfinn Aune, Carlotta Sacerdote, Marc J. Gunter, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Inger T. Gram, Eva Ardanaz, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, Marit Waaseth, Audrey Gicquiau, Vittorio Krogh, Paula Jakszyn, Sabina Rinaldi, Nagisa Mori, Justin Harbs, Neil Murphy, Sophia Harlid, Giovanna Masala, Eleanor L. Watts, and Bethany Van Guelpen
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Cancer Research ,Colorectal cancer ,Physiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,Odds Ratio ,Testosterone ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Progesterone ,biology ,Estradiol ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801 ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,Middle Aged ,Europe ,Postmenopause ,Oncology ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Female ,Menopause ,AcademicSubjects/MED00010 ,Menopausa ,Estrone ,Dehydroepiandrosterone ,Article ,Càncer colorectal ,medicine ,Confidence Intervals ,Humans ,Androstenedione ,Cancer och onkologi ,business.industry ,Rectal Neoplasms ,Estrogens ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Logistic Models ,chemistry ,Cancer and Oncology ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801 ,business - Abstract
This work was supported by the French National Cancer Institute (INCa SHSESP17, grant No. 2017-127 to N. Murphy). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Ska degrees ne and V_asterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom)., Background: Observational studies have consistently reported that postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with lower colon cancer risk, but epidemiologic studies examining the associations between circulating concentrations of endogenous estrogens and colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results. Methods: We investigated the associations between circulating concentrations of estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) with colon cancer risk in a nested case-control study of 1028 postmenopausal European women (512 colon cancer cases, 516 matched controls) who were noncurrent users of exogenous hormones at blood collection. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the association between circulating sex hormones and colon cancer risk. We also conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies of circulating estrone and estradiol with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results: In the multivariable model, a nonstatistically significantly positive relationship was found between circulating estrone and colon cancer risk (odds ratio per log2 1-unit increment¼1.17 [95% confidence interval¼1.00 to 1.38]; odds ratioquartile4-quartile1¼1.33 [95% confidence interval¼0.89 to 1.97], Ptrend¼.20). Circulating concentrations of estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, progesterone, and SHBG were not associated with colon cancer risk. In the doseresponse meta-analysis, no clear evidence of associations were found between circulating estradiol and estrone concentrations with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk. Conclusion: Our observational and meta-analysis results do not support an association between circulating concentrations of endogenous sex hormones and colon or rectal cancer in postmenopausal women., French National Cancer Institute (INCa SHSESP17) 2017-127, World Health Organization, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Danish Cancer Society, Ligue Contre le Cancer (France), Institut Gustave Roussy (France), Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (France), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Deutsche Krebshilfe German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (Germany) German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke (DIfE) (Germany), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro, Compagnia di San Paolo Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Netherlands Government, World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF), Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spain) Junta de Andalucia Regional Government of Asturias (Spain) Regional Government of Basque Country (Spain) Regional Government of Murcia (Spain) Regional Government of Navarra (Spain) Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society Swedish Research Council County Council of Skane (Sweden) County Council of Vasterbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK 14136 C8221/A29017 UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC) 1000143 MR/M012190/1
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- 2021
34. Pediatric reference intervals for Free Testosterone, 17-OH Progesterone, Androstenedione, and IGF-1 with chemiluminescence immunoassay.
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Orçun, A., Yildiz, Z., and Köroğlu Dağdelen, L.
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CHEMILUMINESCENCE immunoassay , *PROGESTERONE , *CHILD patients , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *TESTOSTERONE - Abstract
• Reference intervals are important tools in test results evaluation. • Pediatric reference interval studies is challenging and there is always a gap in this field. • Study was made on a large number of reference individuals for 4 analytes which are important in pediatric patient care. • 17OHP and FT are the first fully automated assays that will contribute to the workflow of high volume laboratories. The aim of the study was to produce age and sex specific pediatric reference intervals (RIs) on a fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) system. A total of 1586 patients' remnant sera were included in the study and free testosterone (FT), 17-OH progesterone (17OHP), androstenodione (A4) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) parameters were measured on MAGLUMI 2000 (Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd. (Snibe), Shenzhen, China) CLIA analyser. After appropriate age and gender partitioning, specific intervals were calculated according to Clinical Laboratory Standart Institute's (CLSI) C28-A3 protocol. All analytes showed sex and age dependent concentrations requiring several subgroups with specific reference intervals. 17OHP and A4 were found high with birth, declined thereafter: 17OHP by the end of 12 months and A4 by 6 months. So this period was also partitioned for these two hormones. All showed gradual increases by the end of 18 years. 17OHP, A4 and IGF-1 of girls were higher than boys around puberty as the result of earlier sexual development and maturation. FT values of boys and girls didn't differ from each other upto 10 years of age but boys had significantly higher values than girls afterwards. IGF-1 values gradually increase in both sexes upto the ages of 13, girls with significantly higher values than boys. In 13–18 years no significant gender difference was found. We present method specific pediatric RIs, which are comparable with medical literature, necessary for interpretation of patient results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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35. The impact of GnRH agonists in patients with endometriosis on prolactin and sex hormone levels: a pilot study.
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Marschalek, Julian, Ott, Johannes, Husslein, Heinrich, Kuessel, Lorenz, Elhenicky, Marie, Mayerhofer, Klaus, and Franz, Maximilian B.
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TREATMENT of endometriosis , *GONADOTROPIN releasing hormone , *ENDOMETRIOSIS , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of prolactin , *SEX hormones , *PILOT projects , *PATIENTS , *FERTILITY drugs , *LEUPROLIDE , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *CONTROLLED release preparations , *ESTROGEN , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *INFERTILITY , *LONGITUDINAL method , *LUTEINIZING hormone , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *PROGESTERONE , *PROLACTIN , *RADIOIMMUNOASSAY , *TESTOSTERONE , *THYROTROPIN , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *DISEASE complications , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Objective: Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) decrease the expression of growth factors involved in the development of human endometriotic tissue. As endometriosis has been found to be associated with a mild increase in prolactin (PRL) serum levels, we aimed to evaluate changes in PRL serum levels as well as other hormones relevant to endometriosis and infertility during long-term administration of GnRHas in women with endometriosis.Study Design: In this prospective pilot study we obtained blood samples on the first day of leuporeline administration and then subsequently after 4, 8 and 12 weeks in 22 patients.Results: Median PRL levels were unchanged after 4 weeks, but significantly decreased 8 and 12 weeks after the first leuporeline administration (p1=0.085, p2=0.020, p3=0.001). There was no significant decrease in serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels over the whole period of down regulation with leuporeline (p1-3>0.05).Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis that the decrease of PRL levels might contribute to the known effect of GnRH treatment in patients with endometriosis via suppression of VEGF expression in endometriotic lesions. Moreover this study lends support to the thesis that AMH remains stable under GnRHa therapy and therefore can be also used as a marker of ovarian function prior to IVF-stimulation during down regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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36. Anti-müllerian hormone and insulin-like 3 levels in healthy normal-weight ovulatory and anovulatory eumenorrheic late adolescent females: potential early biomarkers of ovarian dysfunction?
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Pelusi, Carla, Stancampiano, Marianna, Fanelli, Flaminia, Pariali, Milena, Gambineri, Alessandra, and Pasquali, Renato
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ANTI-Mullerian hormone , *OVARIAN diseases , *SOMATOMEDIN , *BIOMARKERS , *STEROID hormones , *PATIENTS , *THERAPEUTICS , *ANOVULATION , *DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE , *ESTRADIOL , *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *SEX hormones , *INSULIN , *LIQUID chromatography , *LUTEINIZING hormone , *MASS spectrometry , *PROGESTERONE , *PROTEINS , *RADIOIMMUNOASSAY , *TESTOSTERONE , *ANDROSTENEDIONE , *CROSS-sectional method , *CASE-control method - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and insulin-like 3 (INSL3) levels and their association with gonadotropin and ovarian steroid hormones, as expression of ovarian function, between healthy normal-weight ovulatory and anovulatory eumenorrheic late adolescent females.Study Design: This study analyzed AMH and INSL3 levels in forty healthy eumenorrheic late adolescent females (aged 16-19 ys), selected from a cross-sectional epidemiological study performed on the prevalence of hyperandrogenic states. The subjects were divided into ovulatory (n: 28) and anovulatory (n: 12) groups in accordance to a previous cluster analysis based on progesterone (P) distribution measured once in the latter part of the cycle. Both groups were compared for anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters.Results: INSL3 and AMH were detectable in all samples. Testosterone (P=0.01), the free-androgen index (FAI) (P=0.051), gonadotropins (LH: P=0.02; FSH: P=0.004) and AMH (P=0.02) levels were significantly higher in the anovulatory group with respect to their ovulatory counterpart. A trend toward significantly higher INSL3 concentrations (P=0.08) was also shown in the anovulatory group. A positive correlation between INSL3 levels and androgens such as androstenedione (r=0.38; P=0.02), testosterone (r=0.44; P=0.004) and FAI (r=0.42; P=0.006) and a negative borderline significant correlation (r=-0.30; P=0.055) between AMH and P were shown in all subjects.Conclusion: Healthy eumenorrheic late adolescent females with sporadic anovulation display higher AMH and INSL-3 blood concentrations in association with higher androgen levels compared with age- and BMI-matched subjects with ovulatory cycle, suggesting evidence of an earlier ovarian dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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37. An LC-MS/MS analysis for seven sex hormones in serum
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Yan Cui, Teng-Fei Yuan, Yan Li, Juan Le, Shao-Ting Wang, and Rui Peng
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Male ,Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Estranes ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Dehydroepiandrosterone ,Estrone ,Coronary Artery Disease ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Derivatization ,Progesterone ,Spectroscopy ,Aged ,Detection limit ,Androstenols ,Chromatography ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Dansyl chloride ,Androstenedione ,Reproducibility of Results ,Estriol ,Middle Aged ,Reference Standards ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,Calibration ,biology.protein ,Female ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Hormone - Abstract
Background Comprehensive serum sex hormone profiling is essential for monitoring the occurrence and development of many related diseases. However, the current methods for multi-class sex hormone detection were always lack of Standard Reference Material (SRM) certification and suffered from large sample consumption. For improvement, we developed a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method focused on SRM certification and minimization of serum consumption for simultaneous quantification of seven mainstream serum sex hormones including estrogens (estrone E1, estradiol E2 and estriol E3), androgens (testosterone T, androstenedione AD, dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA) and progestogens (progesterone P). Methods To achieve one-batch analysis, a straightforward strategy was designed and carefully optimized. Schematically, serum was firstly spiked with isotope-labeled internal standards. Then, liquid-liquid extraction was performed with methyl tert-butyl ether. After drying under nitrogen, dansyl chloride was introduced for derivatization. Finally, the mixture was submitted to LC–MS/MS for quantification. Results The limit of quantification was 0.005 ng/mL for E1, E2 and E3, 0.01 ng/mL for T, P and AD, 0.25 ng/mL for DHEA. Inter- and intra-assay CVs were less than 11.8%. The selectivity was proved satisfactory by interference spiking tests. With systematical SRM validation, the mean bias of −5.4 to 4.7% was observed, which indicated excellent method reliability. We found significant positive bias in chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) detection comparing with current method, which promoted us to reconsider our previous results on sex hormone regulation in male patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease. After redetecting the related samples, modified and improved conclusions were proposed. Conclusions A LC–MS/MS method for multi-class serum sex hormone profiling was developed with SRM certification and minimized serum consumption. Taking advantages of such reliable method, the previous CLIA-based research findings on sex hormone regulation in male patients with coronary atherosclerosis were modified and improved after redetecting the same sample-pool.
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- 2019
38. Relationship between dioxins and steroid hormone in 6-year-olds: A follow-up study in an e-waste region of China
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Zheng Wang, Ying Sun, Jing Jian Dong, Li Li Shi, Shoji F. Nakayama, Teruhiko Kido, Chau-Ren Jung, Chaochen Ma, Hao Feng, Jin Guo Hang, and Xian Liang Sun
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Environmental Engineering ,Milk, Human ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Androstenedione ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Dehydroepiandrosterone ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Dioxins ,Pollution ,Electronic Waste ,Pregnancy ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Female ,Steroids ,Testosterone ,Child ,Progesterone ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
We conducted a follow-up observational study on the effects of dioxin exposure on the synthesis of steroid hormones in infants during the perinatal period. The participants included 42 pairs of mothers and infants that were previously studied in 2015. We analyzed four types of steroid hormones including progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione (A-dione), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the serum samples of 6-year-olds and the concentration of dioxins in breast milk. A multivariate linear regression was performed to associate steroid hormones (dependent variables) and dioxins with the body mass index (BMI), sex, age, and residence of participants (independent variables). The results were reported as β (standardized coefficient) and p-values. We found that dioxins have a significant negative correlation with DHEA and A-dione but no significant relationship with progesterone and testosterone. However, in previous studies, we found that testosterone and progesterone levels were significantly related to dioxins in 4-year-olds. We concluded that dioxins can affect the level of steroid hormones, but their effects fluctuate, and the harm caused by dioxins in children requires further long-term monitoring.
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- 2022
39. Characterization of two steroid hydroxylases from differentStreptomycesspp. and their ligand‐bound and ‐unbound crystal structures
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Chang Woo Lee, Eun-Ji Yu, Tae-Jin Oh, S. H. Park, Chang-Sook Jeong, Bikash Dangi, Jun Hyuck Lee, Ki-Hwa Kim, and Hyun Soo Park
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Models, Molecular ,0301 basic medicine ,Protein Conformation ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Ligands ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Streptomyces ,Cofactor ,Hydroxylation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bacterial Proteins ,Catalytic Domain ,Testosterone ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ,Molecular Biology ,Heme ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Conserved Sequence ,Progesterone ,Steroid Hydroxylases ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,biology ,Androstenedione ,Cytochrome P450 ,Cell Biology ,Protein engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,Recombinant Proteins ,0104 chemical sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Steroid hydroxylase ,Sequence Alignment ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Bacterial cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the hydroxylation of various endogenous substrates while using a heme molecule as a cofactor. CYPs have gained biotechnological interest as useful biocatalysts capable of altering chemical structures by adding a hydroxyl group in a regiospecific manner. Here, we identified, purified, and characterized two CYP154C4 proteins from Streptomyces sp. W2061 (StCYP154C4-1) and Streptomyces sp. ATCC 11861 (StCYP154C4-2). Activity assays showed that both StCYP154C4-1 and StCYP154C4-2 can produce 2'-hydroxylated testosterone, which differs from the activity of a previously described NfCYP154C5 from Nocardia farcinica in terms of its 16α-hydroxylation of testosterone. To better understand the molecular basis of the regioselectivity of these two CYP154C4 proteins, crystal structures of the ligand-unbound form of StCYP154C4-1 and the testosterone-bound form of StCYP154C4-2 were determined. Comparison with the previously determined NfCYP154C5 structure revealed differences in the substrate-binding residues, suggesting a likely explanation for the different patterns of testosterone hydroxylation, despite the high sequence similarities between the enzymes (54% identity). These findings provide valuable insights that will enable protein engineering for the development of artificial steroid-related CYPs exhibiting different regiospecificity.
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- 2018
40. Diurnal variation of steroid hormones and their reference intervals using mass spectrometric analysis
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Alan H. DeCherney, K. Welsh, Micah J. Hill, S J Soldin, J Jonklaas, Yesim Ozarda, L Masika, Toral Parikh, Brian Stolze, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Tıbbi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı., Özarda, Yeşim, and AAL-8873-2021
- Subjects
Serum ,Male ,Steroid blood level ,Hydrocortisone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physiology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Assays ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Corticosterone ,Clinical Chemistry ,Thyrotropin ,Chemical Species ,Testosterone ,Profiles ,Progesterone ,Endocrinology & metabolism ,Priority journal ,mass spectrometry ,Circadian rhythm ,Measurement accuracy ,Adrenal insuffiviency ,Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry ,Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry ,Normal human ,Impact ,Human experiment ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatric reference intervals ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Human ,steroids ,Steroid hormone ,Hormone determination ,Cortodoxone ,Dehydroepiandrosterone ,diurnal variation ,Article ,Steroid ,03 medical and health sciences ,LC–MS/MS ,Hydroxyprogesterone ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Androstenedione ,LC-MS/MS ,Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ,Prasterone ,lcsh:RC648-665 ,business.industry ,Caliper ,Research ,Diurnal temperature variation ,Sex difference ,Cortisone ,chemistry ,business ,Controlled study ,Menstrual cycle ,Hormone ,High performance liquid chromatography - Abstract
Objective: Accurate measurement of steroid hormones remains challenging. Mass spectrometry affords a reliable means for quantitating steroid profiles accurately. Our objective was to establish and define (1) the extent of diurnal fluctuations in steroid concentrations that potentially necessitate strict adherence to time of sample acquisition and (2) time-dependent steroid reference intervals. Design: Nine steroid markers were examined in couplets in males and females. Methods: Using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis, we developed a multi-steroid profile requiring only a minimal volume of serum (0.1 mL). Couplet (AM and PM) measurements of steroid hormones for 120 healthy females (F) and 62 healthy males (M) were obtained. Patients were recruited from several participating centers. Results: The following diurnal values were noted to be significantly different in both females and males: cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone, 11 deoxycortisol (11 DOC), androstenedione, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Testosterone was only found to have significant diurnal variance in males. Progesterone showed no significant difference in AM and PM values for either groups and thus may provide an internal control. Conclusions: When diagnosing endocrine disorders, it is imperative to acknowledge the 24-h diurnal variation of the biochemical steroid markers. We highlight the importance of standardization of collection times and appropriate implementation of reference intervals. Precis: We identify diurnal fluctuations in steroid concentrations with time of day and emphasize the importance of adhering to firm time of sample acquisition. National Center for Advancement of Translational Science (UL1TR001409) United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA (NCT00428987) National Center for Advancement of Translational Science NIH Intramural Research Grant United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) (ZIEHD008737) United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (UL1TR001409) CLINICAL CENTER (ZIACL010355)
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- 2018
41. Quantification of androgens and their precursors in full-term human placenta
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Tomoko Yoshida, Mami Miyado, Maki Fukami, Kenji Matsumoto, Haruhiko Sago, Yoshimichi Miyashiro, and Reiko Horikawa
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Placenta ,Biology ,Steroid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Limit of Detection ,Pregnancy ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Androstenedione ,Progesterone ,Androsterone ,Adrenal gland ,Infant, Newborn ,Reproducibility of Results ,Dihydrotestosterone ,General Medicine ,Androgen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Androgens ,Female ,Steroids ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction The two major androgens in humans are testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is produced via the classical, backdoor, and alternative steroidogenic pathways. In addition, recent studies have identified C11-oxy C19 steroids as novel human androgens. Although the placenta is known to be involved in steroid metabolism, androgen levels in full-term placentas have poorly been investigated. Subjects and methods Ten placentas of healthy full-term neonates (five males and five females) were examined. We quantified progesterone, androstenedione (A4), T, allopregnanolone, androsterone, and estradiol, as well as four C11-oxy androgens (11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4), and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT)), using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results In all samples, levels of the ten steroids were above the detection limit. Progesterone was by far most abundant, while levels of T and androsterone were relatively low. Levels of 11KT and 11KA4 were higher than those of T and A4, respectively. There were no differences in steroid levels between male and female samples. Discussion This study demonstrates that full-term placentas contain several steroids in the classical, backdoor, and alternative pathways. Placentas are likely to function as the supplier of progesterone to other steroidogenic tissues. More importantly, we found that placentas comprise relatively large amounts of 11KA4 and 11KT, which may be produced through steroid transfer from the adrenal gland or from the maternal circulation. These results indicate that the placenta participates in a feto-maternal multi-organ network for androgen biosynthesis.
- Published
- 2021
42. Bisphenol A down-regulates rate-limiting Cyp11a1 to acutely inhibit steroidogenesis in cultured mouse antral follicles
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Fluorochemicals used in food packaging inhibit male sex hormone synthesis
- Author
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Vinggaard, A. [Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2860 Søborg (Denmark)]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and alters sex steroid hormone secretion without affecting growth of mouse antral follicles in vitro
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Effects of fluorotelomer alcohol 8:2 FTOH on steroidogenesis in H295R cells: Targeting the cAMP signalling cascade
- Published
- 2010
46. Treating the menopausal patient: the role of hormones and physiological changes.
- Author
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WARREN, LYNN
- Subjects
ESTROGEN replacement therapy ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,CHEMICAL peel ,CLINICS ,COGNITION ,COLLAGEN ,DIET ,ESTROGEN ,HORMONE therapy ,HORMONES ,HYALURONIC acid ,INTRADERMAL injections ,MASSAGE therapy ,MENOPAUSE ,NURSING practice ,NURSING assessment ,NURSING specialties ,OSTEOPOROSIS ,PATIENT education ,PROGESTERONE ,SKIN aging ,SKIN care ,TESTOSTERONE ,PERIMENOPAUSE ,ANDROSTENEDIONE - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation on androgen synthesis and release from the pig endometrium during the fetal peri-implantation period
- Author
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Anna Koziorowska, Anita Franczak, Wiktoria Kozlowska, Ewa Monika Drzewiecka, and Agata Zmijewska
- Subjects
animal structures ,Swine ,Steroid Isomerases ,Endometrium ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Electromagnetic Fields ,Food Animals ,Western blot ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Testosterone ,Androstenedione ,Embryo Implantation ,Incubation ,Progesterone ,Fetus ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Progesterone Reductase ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,HSD3B1 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Hormone - Abstract
An electromagnetic field (EMF) may have effects on female reproduction. This study was conducted to determine whether EMF [50 and 120 Hz, 2 and 4 h of incubation in the presence or absence of progesterone (P4, 10−5 M)] affects androgen synthesis and release from the pig endometrium. Endometrial slices were collected from pigs (n = 5) during the fetal peri-implantation period (i.e., days 15–16 of gestation) and treated in vitro with EMF. The selected endometrial slices were treated with P4 to determine whether this hormone has effects on protection of the tissue from EMF radiation. The CYP17A1 and HSD3B1 mRNA transcript abundance, steroid 17αhydroxylase/17, 20-lyase (cytochrome P450c17) and hydroxyΔ5steroid dehydrogenase/3β and steroidΔisomerase (3βHSD) protein abundance were examined using Real-Time PCR and Western Blot procedures, respectively. In media collected after incubation, the concentrations of androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T) were quantified used a RIA. When P4 was added to the culture medium, EMF radiation had suppressive effects on endometrial T release after 2 and 4 h of incubation when the EMF treatment was occurring and increased A4 release after 4 h of incubation with EMF at 120 Hz. When there was no inclusion of P4, release of A4 was decreased after 2 h of EMF treatment at 120 Hz and after 4 h of EMF treatment at 50 and 120 Hz. Progesterone did not have functions that protected the pig endometrium against EMF radiation during the fetal peri-implantation period.
- Published
- 2020
48. Core clock gene Bmal1 deprivation impairs steroidogenesis in mice luteinized follicle cells
- Author
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Yizi Wang, Yuwei Duan, Canquan Zhou, Minghui Chen, Jian Xu, Yanwen Xu, and Xinyan Liu
- Subjects
Embryology ,endocrine system ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Luteal phase ,Follicle ,Mice ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Endocrinology ,Ovarian Follicle ,medicine ,Animals ,Testosterone ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Ovulation ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Progesterone ,media_common ,Mice, Knockout ,Granulosa Cells ,Estradiol ,Chemistry ,Research ,Androstenedione ,Transcription Factor RelA ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,ARNTL Transcription Factors ,Cell Biology ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Luteinization ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Theca ,CYP17A1 ,Theca Cells ,Phosphorylation ,Female ,Corpus luteum - Abstract
Luteinization is the event of corpus luteum formation, a way of follicle cells transformation and a process of steroidogenesis alteration. As the core clock gene, Bmal1 was involved in the regulation of ovulation process and luteal function afterwards. Till now, the underlying roles of luteinization played by Bmal1 remain unknown. To explore the unique role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis and its underlying pathway, we investigated the luteal hormone synthesis profile in Bmal1 knockout female mice. We found that luteal hormone synthesis was notably impaired, and phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB pathway was significantly activated. Then, the results were verified in in vitro cultured cells, including isolated Bmal1 interference granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs), respectively. Hormones levels of supernatant culture media and mRNA expressions of steroidogenesis-associated genes (star, Hsd3β2, cyp19a1 in GCs, Lhcgr, star, Hsd3β2, cyp17a1 in TCs) were mutually decreased, while the phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB was promoted during in vitro luteinization. After PI3K specific-inhibitor LY294002 intervention, mRNA expressions of Lhcgr and Hsd3β2 were partially rescued in Bmal1 interference TCs, together with significantly increased androstenedione and T synthesis. Further exploration in TCs demonstrated BMAL1 interacted directly but negatively with NfκB p65 (RelA), a subunit which was supposed as a mediator in Bmal1-governed PI3K signaling regulation. Taken together, we verified the novel role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis, achieving by negative interplay with RelA-mediated PI3K/NfκB pathway.
- Published
- 2020
49. Do sex hormones underlie sex differences in cancer incidence? Testing the intuitive in esophageal adenocarcinoma
- Author
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Jessica L. Petrick and Michael B. Cook
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Esophageal Neoplasms ,Physiology ,Esophageal adenocarcinoma ,Adenocarcinoma ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,Medicine ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Progesterone ,Hepatology ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,Norway ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ,Gastroenterology ,Androstenedione ,Luteinizing Hormone ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prolactin ,Logistic Models ,Cancer incidence ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Case-Control Studies ,Gonadotropins, Pituitary ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,business ,Luteinizing hormone ,Hormone - Abstract
Sex hormones have been hypothesized to explain the strong male predominance in esophageal adenocarcinoma, but evidence is needed. This study examined how circulating sex hormone levels influence future risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.This case-control study was nested in a prospective Norwegian cohort (Janus Serum Bank Cohort), including 244 male patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and 244 male age-matched control participants. Associations between prediagnostic circulating levels of 12 sex hormones and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma were assessed using conditional logistic regression. In addition, a random-effect meta-analysis combined these data with a similar prospective study for 5 sex hormones.Decreased odds ratios (ORs) of esophageal adenocarcinoma were found comparing the highest with lowest quartiles of testosterone (OR = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22-0.88), testosterone:estradiol ratio (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.72), and luteinizing hormone (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.98), after adjustment for tobacco smoking and physical activity. These associations were attenuated after further adjustment for body mass index (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.27-1.13 for testosterone; OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.91 for testosterone:estradiol ratio; OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.29-1.08 for luteinizing hormone). No associations were observed for sex hormone-binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, 17-OH progesterone, progesterone, androstenedione, or free testosterone index. The meta-analysis showed an inverse association between testosterone levels and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (pooled OR for the highest vs lowest quartile = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.97), whereas no associations were identified for androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, or testosterone:estradiol ratio.Higher circulating testosterone levels may decrease the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in men.
- Published
- 2020
50. REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE COWNOSE RAYS (RHINOPTERA BONASUS) IN AN AQUARIUM SETTING AND CORRELATION TO ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STAGING
- Author
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Julie D. Sheldon, Frank Bulman, Kim Abney, Robert George, and Matthew C. Allender
- Subjects
Male ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Radioimmunoassay ,Embryonic Development ,Physiology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Viviparity, Nonmammalian ,medicine ,Animals ,Testosterone ,Rhinoptera bonasus ,Skates, Fish ,Androstenedione ,education ,Progesterone ,Ultrasonography ,media_common ,Pregnancy ,education.field_of_study ,Estradiol ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Reproduction ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Gestation ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Sample collection - Abstract
Reproductive management of cownose rays ( Rhinoptera bonasus) under professional care plays an important role in conservation of the species, but hormone and ultrasonographic analyses of their 12-mo reproductive cycle have not been documented previously. Plasma reproductive hormone concentrations (17B-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione) were measured monthly via radioimmunoassay for 1 yr in an aquarium-managed population of adult females ( n = 15) and males ( n = 5). Ultrasounds of the uterus were performed each month at the time of sample collection to identify gestation stage (0-5) based on a previously developed in-house staging system. Stages were correlated to hormone concentrations to track progression through pregnancy. Thirteen females were reproductively active, and each produced one pup in March-June, similar to timing for free-ranging populations. Female estradiol increased steadily throughout gestation from stages 0 to 5, while progesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione were increased only in early gestation (stages 1 and 2). Unlike month of year, gestation stage strongly predicted hormone concentration, but specific values to predict parturition date were not identified. Male testosterone and progesterone were higher in March-June (mating season) than July-January, while estradiol and androstenedione did not exhibit a seasonal pattern. Aquarium-managed cownose rays have similar reproductive patterns to what is reported in wild populations. Ultrasonographic monitoring with serial hormone analysis and accurate mating records will provide the most useful information for managing a reproductive population of cownose rays in an aquarium setting.
- Published
- 2018
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