Search

As one of the most common medicinal plants, chamomile is grown on approximately 20,000 ha in the world and on 350 -400 ha in Serbia. Good yields can be expected if the plant is grown up to 500 m altitude. The plant is adapted to various soils; it has modest nitrogen demands and tolerates drought and salinity. The usual yields are: 500-1,000 kg/ha of dry flower heads, 150 kg/ha of seed and up to 4.5-5 kg/ha of essential oil. Drug (Chamomillae flos) has moisture below 12%, appropriate physico-chemical and microbiological properties, referred low amount of heavy metals and at least 4 ml/kg of essential oil. The yield of flower heads and the essential oil quantity and quality depend on various environmental factors, as well as on the genetic background. There is more than forty chamomile cultivars realized in the world; three of them originate from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (Banatska, Tip 29 and Tetraploidna). Banatska and Tetraploidna are widely grown. The cultivars are characterized by high yield potential and appropriate essential oil content. Kao jedna od najzastupljenijih lekovitih biljaka, kamilica se u svetu gaji na oko 20000 ha, dok se površine u Srbiji procenjuju na 350-400 ha. Najbolje uspeva na nadmorskim visinama do 500 m. Adaptirana je na različite zemljišne uslove, ima skromne potrebe za azotom, toleriše sušu i zaslanjena zemljišta. Uobičajeni prinos suvih cvetnih glavica je 500-1000 kg/ha, semena 150 kg/ha, a etarskog ulja do 4,5-5 kg/ha. Droga (Chamomillae flos) ima vlagu ispod 12%, odgovarajuće fizičko-hemijske i mikrobiološke osobine, propisano nizak sadržaj teških metala i najmanje 4 ml/kg etarskog ulja. Prinos cvetnih glavica, sadržaj i sastav etarskog ulja zavise od brojnih faktora sredine, ali i od genetske konstitucije materijala. U svetu je oplemenjeno četrdesetak sorti, od čega tri u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo (Banatska, Tip 29 i Tetraploidna). U proizvodnji su zastupljene Banatska i Tetraploidna. Odlikuju se visokim potencijalom za prinos i odgovarajućim sadržajem etarskog ulja.

Lijeska (Corylus spp.) u odnosu na ostale voćne vrste posljednjih godina bilježi najveći rast u količini deklariranog sadnog materijala iz domaće proizvodnje i uvoza. S evidentiranih 4 137 ha proizvodnih površina lijeska je četvrta voćna vrsta po zastupljenosti u RH. Većina proizvodnje smještena je na području kontinentalne Hrvatske s naglaskom na obronke Papuka, Krndije i Bilogore. Najzastupljeniji uzgojni oblik je modificirana grmolika vaza, ali se u novijim nasadima uočava uzgojni oblik stablo te gušći sklopovi sadnje koji bi trebali olakšati strojnu berbu. Prema podacima FAO-a u Hrvatskoj se godišnje proizvede od 1 000 do 1 500 tona lješnjaka u ljusci. U nasadima su najzastupljenije sorte 'Istarski duguljasti' i 'Rimski'. Rezultati istraživanja lijeske u našim agroekološkim uvjetima pokazuju da sorte lijeske imaju dobru i redovitu rodnost. Zbog zahtjeva konditorske industrije daljnja istraživanja treba usmjeriti na poboljšanje sortimenta uvođenjem novih sorti sitnijeg ploda i okrugle jezgre., Hazel (Corylus spp.) production of certified plant material both domestic and imported has been recording the highest growth in comparison to other fruit crops in recent years. It is the fourth fruit crop in the Republic of Croatia with recorded 4 137 ha of production area. Majority of the production is located in the continental part of Croatia being prominent on Papuk, Krndija and Bilogora hills. Mostly used training system is modified bush vase, but new tree type training system can be found in new plantations, as well as denser planting systems in order to facilitate harvesting. According to FAOSTAT annual hazelnut shell production in Croatia ranges from 1 000 to 1 500 tons. The most represented cultivars in hazelnut plantations are 'Istarski duguljasti' and 'Romische Zellernuss'. Results of hazelnut research in our agro-ecological conditions indicate that cultivars have good and regular productivity, however due to special demands of confectionary industry further research needs to be directed towards cultivar improvement by introducing new cultivars with smaller fruits and a round kernel.

In 2008, there has been a continuation of the upward trend in soybean areas and yields in Serbia. Conditions for soybean growing were extremely favorable in the first part of the growing season and extremely unfavorable in the second, but the yields produced were above the long-term average nevertheless. Grain quality was good, which is of great importance for the seed production. Preliminary tests of germinability have been indicative of high seed quality, so there will be enough top quality soybean seed for the 2009 planting. In 2008, five new soybean cultivars have been released domestically, and another four have been registered abroad (two each in Croatia and Ukraine). U 2008. godini nastavljen je trend povećanja površina i prinosa soje u Srbiji. Uslovi za proizvodnju soje su u prvom delu vegetacionog perioda bili izuzetno povoljni, u drugom veoma nepovoljni, ali su ostvareni prinosi iznad višegodišnjeg proseka. Kvalitet zrna je dobar, što je od posebnog značaja za semensku proizvodnju. Informativna ispitivanja klijavosti semena pokazuju visok kvalitet semena soje, pa će za setvu u 2009. godini biti dovoljno kvalitetnog semena. U 2008. registrovano je pet novih sorti soje u našoj zemlji i četiri u inostranstvu, i to po dve sorte u Hrvatskoj i Ukrajini.

In 2006, conditions for soybean production were relatively favorable resulting in good yields and record production of soybean grain (over 465,000 tons). The quality of the grain has been deemed very good, which is especially important for seed production. Preliminary tests of seed germinability indicate that the seed is of very high quality, so the 2007 supply of soybean seed will be both adequate and of high quality. Large-plot trials spread across a wider geographic region covering different growing conditions have helped provide a good picture of all agronomically important traits of the newly developed soybean genotypes. This has helped identify genotypes suitable for commercial production, allowing only the best soybean cultivars to reach the growers. Uslovi za proizvodnju soje tokom 2006. godine bili su relativno povoljni tako da su postignuti dobri prinosi i ostvarena rekordna proizvodnja od preko 465.000 t sojinog zrna. Kvalitet zrna je veoma dobar, što je od posebnog značaja za semensku proizvodnju. Informativna ispitivanja klijavosti semena pokazuju veoma visok kvalitet semena soje, pa će u 2007. godini biti ne samo dovoljnih količina, već i visoko kvalitetnog semena soje. Mak ro ogledi postavljeni na širem geografskom području, u različitim proizvodnim uslovima, doprineli su sagledavanju svih važnih agronomskih osobina novostvorenih genotipova. Na ovaj način identifikovani su genotipovi pogodni za široku proizvodnju, što omogućava da do proizvođača dođu samo najbolje sorte.