Search

Consumers' perception of product value when purchasing is a critical issue relative to online platform commerce. This is especially true when the brand manufacturer authorises only a third-party reseller to sell through the platform, a practice that may provide opportunities to counterfeiters. To address this issue, we establish a theoretical model in which one brand manufacturer wholesales its products to a third-party reseller who then sells through an online platform. The platform acts as a marketplace, while multiple counterfeiters also exist on the platform, which may deceive consumers. In particular, we consider that the manufacturer can encroach with a direct channel and that the platform can adopt blockchain technology to help consumers identify authenticity. The results show that the platform could induce the brand manufacturer to encroach by deploying blockchain technology. Furthermore, an interesting result indicates that although either manufacturer encroachment or blockchain technology used alone can effectively boycott counterfeits, the coexistence of two strategies can raise the demand for counterfeit products. Finally, we find that when the brand manufacturer encroaches on the platform and the platform adopts blockchain technology, the brand manufacturer, platform, reseller and social welfare can achieve Pareto improvement, while the consumer surplus may be worse off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the criminal liability associated with counterfeiting famous trade marks in Italy, highlighting that such actions are punishable under Articles 473 and 474 of the Criminal Code, even if the counterfeit goods are in different market sectors. Topics include the impact of counterfeit goods on public trust, the role of corporate liability under Legislative Decree No. 231, and the criteria for assessing the adequacy of organizational models.

Worldwide, counterfeit, illicit, and untaxed alcoholic spirits are responsible for problems with economy, labor, and public health. Estimations of counterfeit spirits range from 25% to 40% of total alcoholic spirits consumed globally. Including knock-on effects, these products cost the EU alone 23,400 lost jobs and at least €3B in lost revenue per year. Annually there is at least €1.2B in lost government revenue. Counterfeit products decrease legitimate sales, both by replacement sales, and by the erosion of consumer product trust and satisfaction of legitimate goods and decrease legitimate manufacturing jobs. We review the worldwide problem, scope, and scale of the spirits counterfeiting problem including specific health issues, and the international plight of reduced labor available resulting directly from production and sale of counterfeited liquor. In addition, we review a wide range of methods and technologies to analytically detect chemically adulterated or substituted products that have been published and group technologies into 4 functional areas highlighting economy, generality, and utility. Approaches to prevention are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Lookalike" products, including counterfeits and copycats, are increasingly common in today's global marketplace. Four lab experiments were conducted involving 653 participants, and data were analyzed through SPSS 26. Based on social representation (SR) theory and self‐construal theory, this research examines how advertising for original brands impacts purchase intent for counterfeits and copycats differently. The results suggest that ads for the original product using value‐expressive (vs. utilitarian) appeals result in lower intent to purchase copycat versions. However, ads for the original product using utilitarian (vs. value‐expressive) appeals lead to lower purchase intent for counterfeit versions. The results also show that consumer need fulfillment mediates the interactive effect between ad appeal type and product type. The current research provides useful insights for marketers or retailers grappling with ongoing competitive threats posed by lookalike products and underscores the strategic utilization of various advertising tactics to reduce the demand for copycats and counterfeits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterfeiting has become a major social problem because of the consequences for consumers, businesses and governments. The objective is to describe the current state of counterfeiting research, define the main thematic areas, identify gaps and highlight key findings. A bibliometric analysis of the growing number of publications addressing the counterfeiting problem in the existing literature is conducted. The articles are taken from a search of the Scopus database. After excluding some scientific‐technological subareas, 1984 papers are analyzed, to which 23 outstanding papers were added at a later stage. In more recent years, most of the articles focus on the development of technologies. Four conceptual areas have been identified: technological development, social behavior, economic aspects and legal aspects. The latter two are the least studied. Also identified in the social area are two topics of interest that have been little addressed, namely, the effect of prior purchase experience and the development of theories describing consumer behavior towards counterfeits. The value derived from this research is the identification of new lines of research with the economic and legal area, it would be of interest to initiate a research program that studies what proportion of counterfeits are sanctioned, to which interest group the sanction is directed and if the sanction is proportional to the damage caused to society and the company. In addition, with regard to the study of counterfeit consumer behaviour, its development can provide information to guide the definition of public awareness strategies and help to adapt companies' marketing campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baijiu is a unique distilled spirit in China. The bulk Baijiu market has been experiencing issues related to counterfeit and substandard products, raising concerns about food safety. Detecting liquor adulteration is crucial for eliminating fraud in the bulk Baijiu market. In this study, we proposed using fluorescence hyperspectral Technology (FH) combined with machine learning (ML) to detect Baijiu adulteration quickly and non-destructive. Due to the similarity of fluorescence spectral features between adulterated Baijiu and real Baijiu, it was difficult to distinguish them based on the fluorescence feature parameters alone. The data preprocessing methods were used and then principal component analysis (PCA) was adapted. The principal components were used as inputs to ML models to establish the qualitative and quantitative detection models. In the qualitative detection models, the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) model demonstrated the best performance with 98.08% precision, 100% recall and 99.03% F1-score. In the quantitative detection models of adulterations concentration, the AdaBoost model after Wavelet denoising(WDS) processing yielded the best results with R2 of 0.9740 and RMSEP of 0.0247. The results demonstrated that the combination of FH and ML can efficiently detect adulterated bulk Baijiu, showing promising applications and feasibility in the nondestructive detection of adulterated substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Envy fuels luxury consumption—both real and fake. Through three studies, we show that benign envy motivates online shoppers to purchase authentic luxury products, whereas malicious envy encourages counterfeiting. By triggering envy through its antecedents of deservingness and pride, we show that benign (malicious) envy motivates a general tendency towards moral (immoral) behavior, which has distinct downstream effects on consumer attitude towards luxury. Benign envy increases belief in the moral virtue of hard work, thereby inspiring consumers to aspire and strive for original luxury products. Whereas malicious envy triggers moral disengagement—dissolving the moral dilemma associated with counterfeiting. Malicious envy also makes consumers appraise luxury corporations as immoral—fueling the desire to punish the brand through counterfeiting. The effects hold for both brand‐generated envy and incidental envy. The findings have important implications for luxury branding to help control consumer demand for counterfeits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conundrum of the ubiquitous deceptive reviews has overruled the online ontology with the obsession of obscure but obligatory posting of product reviews for the customers to believe, behold and beget the online product marketing. This mandates contemporary research in the direction to delve deeper on the application and analysis of deceiving online reviews with matured and advanced AI models functional on large scale datasets to effectively and efficiently demarcate between the genuine and the sham. The research counteracts the counterfeiting product reviews via the applications, assessment and analysis of the befitting AI models - Elastic-net Classifier model based on block coordinate descent with Wordcloud and its further performance enhancement through LightGBM Trees Classifier with Grid Search and Early Stopping support, with Log-Loss as performance metric for experimentation to gain insight into the intricacies of detection, diagnosis and diminution of fake product reviews. The paper also delineates discriminative and affirmative aspects of the dataset quality, statistics, stability and standards inherent and coherent to the creation of the dataset using Large Language Models (LLMs) intrinsic to the zeitgeist juncture of recent times promoting machines to produce large scale, cost effective bogus reviews in lieu of the Amazon Mechanical Turks. The results obtained with the Log-Loss holdout score of 0.1462 conforming the LightGBM classifier proves its performance better than the Elastic-Net classifier, conforming it as better than the ROC-AUC in terms of its proximity to the prediction probability for the matching actual/true value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article aims to analyze whether the relationship between the origin of the product and the perception of risk of counterfeiting affects the purchase intention in B2B relationships. Design/methodology/approach: Through an experiment, eight scenarios were developed that describe a purchase situation with risk of acquiring a counterfeit product. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression were subsequently applied for statistical tests. Results: The results suggest that purchase intention is affected by the origin of the product. Likewise, managers perceive the risk of counterfeiting in B2B relationships. Practical implications: There is a tendency for managers to analyze a purchasing process by looking at different variables in the process. When relating the origin of the product with the perception of counterfeiting risk, purchasing managers have a strong tendency not to carry out the transaction. Originality/value: Counterfeit products have definitely entered the list of risks and must be fought, as they threaten the integrity of supply chains. This study highlights the importance of discussing counterfeit products and the possibility of them entering supply chains through the firms’ purchasing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The continuous evolution of e-commerce with young consumers' growing interest in online shopping has transformed the retail landscape across the world. With the surge in online sales, counterfeits of luxury goods have also found themselves from brick-and-mortar shelves to online e-commerce sites. Against this backdrop, this study aims to understand and analyse young consumers' online counterfeit purchase behaviour (OCPB). Additionally, it also aims at identifying the determinants that influence their purchase decisions. Design/methodology/approach: Following an extensive review of the literature, the present study pursued a quantitative approach in exploring critical demographic, psychographic, behavioural and situational factors influencing OCPB. The study was conducted in India through an online survey using a structured questionnaire. Findings: The findings indicate that young consumers' OCPB is significantly related to influencing factors like brand consciousness, fashion involvement, face consciousness, impulsive buying tendency, acquisition centrality and utilitarian shopping values. Furthermore, moderating effects of perceived anonymity (PA) and moral disengagement (MD) on OCPB were also observed and validated. Research limitations/implications: The study examined the critical factors and their linkages while building upon a structural framework on OCPB, keeping India as a representative sample. The proposed framework will bring more clarity and further insights that will help scholars expand the research domain with more cross-cultural studies and aid brand e-marketers to strategize their action towards developing strong brand aesthetic values. Originality/value: The study contributes towards the literature by introducing PA and MD vis-à-vis building a framework for studying young consumers' OCPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This pathway paper offers research guidance for investigating illegal supply chains as they increasingly threaten societies, economies and ecosystems. There are implications for policy makers to consider incorporating supply chain expertise. Design/methodology/approach: The authors' work is informed by the team's previous and ongoing studies, research from fields such as criminology, investigative journalism and legal documents. Findings: Illegality occurs in many supply chains and consists in multiple forms. Certain sectors, supply chain innovations, longer supply chains, and heterogeneous regulations and enforcement exacerbate illegal activities. But illegal activity may be necessary for humanitarian, religious or nationalistic reasons. These areas are under explored by supply chain researchers. Research limitations/implications: By encouraging supply chain academics to research in this area as well as form collaborative partnerships outside of the discipline, the authors hope to move the field forward in prevention as well as learning from illegal supply chains. Practical implications: Practitioners seek to prevent issues like counterfeiting with their products as well as fraud for economic and reputational reasons. Social implications: Governments strive to minimise impacts on their economies and people, and both governments and NGOs attempt to minimise the negative social and environmental impacts. Policy makers need supply chain researchers to evaluate new laws to prevent enabling illegality in supply chains. Originality/value: As an under-explored area, the authors suggest pathways such as partnering with other disciplines, exploring why these supply chains occur, considering other data sources and methodologies to interdict illegality and learning from illegal supply chains to improve legal supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Marketing of Scientific & Research Organizations / Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Counterfeits harm consumers, governments, and intellectual property holders. They accounted for 3.3% of worldwide trades in 2016, having an estimated value of $509 billion in the same year. Estimations in the literature are mostly based on border seizures, but in this paper, we examined openly labeled counterfeits on darknet markets, which allowed us to gather and analyze information from a different perspective. Here, we analyzed data from 11 darknet markets for the period Jan-2014 and Sep-2015. The findings suggest that darknet markets harbor similar counterfeit product types to those found in seizures but that the share of watches is higher while the share of electronics, clothes, shoes, and Tobacco is lower on darknet markets. Also, darknet market counterfeits seem to have similar shipping origins as seized goods, with some exceptions, such as a relatively high share (5%) of dark market counterfeits originating from the US. Lastly, counterfeits on dark markets tend to have a relatively low price and sales volume. However, based on preliminary estimations, the equivalent products on the surface web appear to be advertised for a multiple of the prices found for darknet markets. We provide some suggestions on how information about darknet market counterfeits could be used by companies and authorities for preventative purposes, showing that insight gathering from the dark web is valuable and could be a cost-effective alternative (or compliment) to border seizures. Thus, monitoring darknet markets can help us understand the counterfeit landscape better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Product counterfeiting has been ubiquitously observed in various segments of the supply chain. The intrinsic values of brands create more opportunities for counterfeiting. The damaging reputation of such brands leaves them to deal with the fallouts of counterfeits. Hence, such companies address them mainly through legal action, price and quality strategy. However, consumer characteristics and the random distribution of counterfeit products to the consumer types affect the effectiveness of a counter strategy. This paper aims to generate insights on how to leverage digital technology to curb counterfeit entities with consideration of consumer characteristics and the random distribution of counterfeits to them. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used game theory and vertical differentiation model to understand and encounter deceptive counterfeiting of brand products. The study understands the economic relationship between a brand product manufacturer and consumer types based on their awareness. Further, the authors have considered different cases in the model to gain useful insights. Findings: The results reveal that when the consumers are proactive, informed and value-conscious brand product manufacturers take digital technology counterstrategy to earn the maximum revenue. Hence, this analysis highlights that the effectiveness of a counterstrategy critically depends on the consumer characteristics, whether they are proactive, informed or unaware. Practical implications: The study outlines that brand product manufacturers must emphasize on the digital supply chain, product redesign and product tracking facility to empower informed and value-conscious and proactive consumers. Moreover, the government should take steps to create awareness among uninformed consumers via information campaigns. Originality/value: This paper incorporates the role of consumers and brand product manufacturers to understand and address the deceptive counterfeiting issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterfeit products have become a pervasive problem in the global marketplace, necessitating effective strategies to protect both consumers and brands. This study examines the role of cybersecurity in addressing counterfeiting issues, specifically focusing on a multi-level grayscale watermark-based authentication system. The system comprises a generator responsible for creating a secure 2D code, and an authenticator designed to extract watermark information and verify product authenticity. To authenticate the secure 2D code, we propose various features, including the analysis of the spatial domain, frequency domain, and grayscale watermark distribution. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate interpolation methods to enhance counterfeit detection. Our proposed approach demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving precision, recall, and specificities surpassing 84.8%, 83.33%, and 84.5%, respectively, across different datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments are made to exacting standards and are costly to manufacture, and quality control is paramount. Consequently, unauthorized factories make counterfeit instruments that are less expensive and may therefore be attractive to dentists. Little information exists about the metallurgy and manufacturing quality of such instruments. There is the potential for counterfeit instruments to be at higher risk of fracture during treatment, thereby compromising clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate physical and manufacturing properties of genuine and counterfeit ProTaper Next™ and Mtwo® rotary NiTi instruments. Methods: This study investigated the metallurgical properties, manufacturing quality, microhardness and number of cycles to failure of two commonly used rotary NiTi systems and compared them with counterfeit products purporting to be genuine articles. Results: Counterfeit instruments were found to be inferior in manufacturing standards and were less resistant to cyclic fatigue when compared to genuine instruments. Conclusions: Counterfeit rotary NiTi instruments may be less efficient at preparing root canals and may be at higher risk of fracture during endodontic treatment. Dentists must be aware that, although less expensive, counterfeit instruments may be of dubious manufacturing quality and at higher risk of fracture if used in patients. © 2023 Australian Dental Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterfeits are available across many marketplaces. In emerging markets, in particular, consumers often observe a mix of counterfeits and authentic products sold by retailers. It is difficult for some consumers to distinguish between the two types of products. From these consumers' perspective, the products can be considered as probabilistic goods, and we term retailers' strategies probabilistic selling of counterfeits. Retailers who sell counterfeits are subject to a penalty by regulation. We develop a game-theoretical model to study this dishonest strategy under regulation. Our model offers the following insights. First, a higher penalty for selling counterfeits can lead to a smaller proportion of authentic products in the market. This finding is driven by a manufacturer's strategic response: knowing that the penalty becomes higher, the manufacturer has greater incentives to raise the wholesale price of its authentic products. From the retailers' point of view, this elevated procurement cost can, in turn, encourage them to lower the probability of their products being authentic. Second, manufacturer profit increases with the penalty, whereas retailer profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare do not, in general, exhibit a monotonic relationship with the penalty. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4607. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the role of face consciousness, materialism and risk of embarrassment in determining consumer purchase intention toward counterfeit luxury brand. In addition, the authors explore boundary conditions of these relationships. Design/methodology/approach: Study 1, a survey research (N = 321), examines the mediating role of risk of embarrassment between face consciousness on the purchase intention toward luxury counterfeits. Study 2 (N = 345), an experimental study, examines the moderating role of brand prominence of counterfeit (i.e. whether it contains prominent brand signals). Study 3 (N = 315) explores how the above-mentioned relationships are moderated by consumers' moral rationalization (i.e. whether consumers seek rationalization when behaving unethically). Findings: First, this research shows that risk of embarrassment mediates the negative relationship between face consciousness and Chinese consumers' purchase intention toward luxury counterfeits, whereas this relationship was not found between materialism and counterfeit purchase intentions. Second, this negative mediating effect holds only when the counterfeit brand is highly prominent. Third, the mediating effect depends on consumers' moral rationalization, with a positive impact on the purchase intention toward luxury counterfeits, regardless of brand prominence. Research limitations/implications: This study represents a preliminary inquiry into the dynamics between face consciousness and materialism in influencing Chinese consumers' purchase intention toward counterfeit luxury products. Unlike their Western counterparts, whose materialistic views of possessions predict their counterfeit luxury consumption (Davidson et al., 2019), Chinese consumers are more likely to be driven by the social implications of counterfeit luxury to communicate a prestigious social image to others on account of genuine luxuries' high social recognition. Practical implications: While Chinese consumers are one of the most potent global luxury buyers, they are immersed in the world's biggest counterfeit luxury market. By digging into the core value of Chinese consumers (i.e. face consciousness), this research provides a number of managerial implications for luxury goods companies to engage in international efforts to educate consumers against counterfeit luxury. Originality/value: This study makes at least three contributions to the counterfeit consumption literature. First, this study represents a preliminary inquiry into the dynamics between face consciousness and materialism in influencing Chinese consumers' purchase intention toward counterfeit luxury products. Second, this research identified the complex mechanism of face consciousness as an independent variable on consumers' purchase intention toward luxury counterfeits. Finally, the authors examined the boundary conditions of brand prominence and consumers' moral rationalization. The findings may help luxury brand managers identify strategies to discourage counterfeit consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers increasingly use online pharmacies. However, illicit online pharmacies endanger consumer welfare with unapproved and counterfeit drugs. By linking Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning letter content with observations of the 1108 websites cited in those letters, we identify factors associated with FDA‐requested compliance and active/inactive website status. One in five online pharmacies failed to comply with FDA recommendations. Findings support the cost/benefit, social norm, and instrumental theories of compliance. Compliance declines with cost (e.g., when the FDA requests changes to more drug categories). Organized crime's social norms encourage law breaking; thus, illicit pharmacies comply less than other online pharmacies. Instrumental theory suggests perceived severity and certainty of penalties influences compliance. In support, when political will and attention focused on the opioid crisis, the FDA cited primarily opioid‐related violations and these opioid‐related letters increased compliance and website closures. Finally, we recommend improved consumer protection efforts to address internet pharmaceutical distribution challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to theorize that millennials' counterfeit buying behavior is partly driven by perceived peer counterfeit consumption – the perception that counterfeit luxury consumption is a norm within members of their own generation. Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on two survey-based studies: Study 1 investigates the phenomenon on young millennials (n = 438) and Gen X (n = 374) using moderation analyses in PROCESS Macro; and Study 2 is based on young millennials (n = 643) and runs a partial least squares structural equation modeling model. Findings: The findings reveal that perceived counterfeit consumption within own (vs other) generation leads to greater counterfeit purchase intention and this effect is stronger for young millennials (vs Gen X). Counterfeiting values (materialism, counterconformity and morality) strengthen the impact of perceived peer counterfeit consumption on the counterfeit purchase intention of young millennials, thereby establishing counterfeit luxury consumption as a salient norm. Practical implications: To modify perceptions about peer counterfeiting norms, normative messages must communicate counterfeit avoidance among millennials through social media influencers. Luxury brand managers must focus on the experiential value of luxury and pursue unconventional luxury inspired by a sense of rebelliousness and independence. Originality/value: This work demonstrates that millennials engage in counterfeit luxury consumption when they perceive it as a salient consumption norm among members of their own generation. It adds a novel construct of perceived counterfeit consumption and demonstrates the role of generation as a normative referent. The article provides a values-based motivational account of conformity to peer counterfeiting norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterfeiting is a worldwide spread phenomenon with serious economic, social and political impacts on the society. This study examines the profile of consumers who admit to purchasing counterfeit products in Portugal. Specifically, it investigates whether demographic profile is able to impact the decision factors that drive consumers to purchase counterfeit products. The investigation reveals that a high proportion of consumers have been involved in some way in the purchase of counterfeit products, although consumers distinguish between counterfeit products that can be dangerous for its well-being (medicine) and vanity (clothes and shoes, perfume), and relatively risk-free (auto-parts, machinery) products. The study developed shows that the factors that influence the buying process of counterfeiting products in Portugal can be grouped into intangible (status, brand, design, exclusivity, fashion) and rational (price, perceived quality and personal satisfaction) factors. Finally, the findings suggest that only in one factor (price) and for age and education, the demographic characteristics seems to be important in the moment of buying counterfeit products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case study discusses the entrepreneurship journey of Colombian dancer and choreographer Alberto Pérez (Pérez), who developed 'Zumba' that went on to become the world's largest branded fitness program. The case starts by giving a brief background on Pérez and how he came to develop Zumba. It then documents his early days in the United States and his journey to establishing Zumba Fitness, LLC with two young Colombian Americans, Alberto Perlman (Perlman) and Alberto Aghion (Aghion), who were on the lookout for business opportunities. Along with details of the trio's tryst with various business models for the company, it mentions Zumba Fitness' customer-centric strategies that focused on instructors who were considered to be the company's partners and brand ambassadors, which eventually benefitted the company. A brief glimpse is provided into the reasons for the cult-like following that Zumba has and the challenges that the company faced. Can Zumba Fitness continue to have a strong following in the fitness industry, which is characterized by fast-changing trends, considering the growing menace of counterfeiting? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the impact of perceived risk, ethical judgement, value consciousness, susceptibility to social influence and neutralisation on counterfeit clothes and accessories purchase intention in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach: A single cross-sectional survey was conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 361 counterfeit buyers in Egypt. To test the hypotheses, partial least squares-structural equation model was applied. Findings: The results indicate that neutralisation, perceived risk and susceptibility to social influence significantly impact attitudes towards counterfeiting and purchase intentions, whereas value consciousness impacts counterfeit purchase intention. In addition, attitudes mediate the effects of perceived risk, susceptibility to social influence and neutralisation on purchase intention. Practical implications: Brand producers/retailers and the government need to adhere to a number of practices to curb counterfeit demand, mainly by tackling the neutralisation's impacts, demonstrating various risks of counterfeiting and developing a collective attitude against counterfeiting. Originality/value: This study contributes to the ethical decision-making literature by empirically testing and quantifying the impact of neutralisation on shaping counterfeit buyers' attitudes and purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the risks posed by illicit trade in counterfeit goods to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Topics include the economic impact on SMEs, the prevalence of counterfeit goods across various industries, and the challenges SMEs face in protecting their intellectual property (IP) rights and enforcing them effectively. It highlights that counterfeiting not only undermines business revenue and innovation incentives but also poses health and safety risks to consumers.

Online retailers have exposed their consumers to an increase of deceptive counterfeit products provided by third‐party marketplace sellers. Although leading online retailers commonly seek to enhance service transparency to consumers by providing fulfillment service information, such as inventory ownership (i.e., sold by) and order fulfillment (i.e., shipped by), their impact remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of when consumers receive deceptive counterfeit products. Drawing on signaling and attribution theory, we develop a series of six scenario‐based experiments to explore the impact of fulfillment service options in combination with deceptive counterfeits on consumer perception of product quality, blame, trust erosion, and repurchase intention across three different retailing contexts. Our results highlight the efficacy of fulfillment service information as a signal set in setting a priori product quality perceptions for the small and predominantly online retailer. Further, we find that consumers follow the premise of causal schemata to attribute more blame to the entity responsible for selling the product when they receive a counterfeit product. Our results show that while there is a significant decrease in trust for a small retailer or startup this decrease does not significantly differ between the fulfillment service configurations. Furthermore, the erosion in trust does not negatively impact repurchase intentions. However, for the predominantly online retailer and omni‐channel retailer trust erosion is higher when inventory ownership (i.e., sold by) and order fulfillment (i.e., shipped by) are associated with the online retailer than with a third‐party seller and subsequently negatively impacts repurchase intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine whether counterfeit luxury buyers' tendency to impress others overrides their anticipation of embarrassment or whether the anticipation of embarrassment delimits their self-presentational goals. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on three studies – a survey and two experiments that test the predictions. This study adopts a mix of moderation and mediation analyses to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings: The findings reveal a greater counterfeit purchase likelihood and embarrassment aversion among publicly (vs privately) self-conscious consumers. Furthermore, a higher (vs a lower) audience class and a conspicuous (vs an inconspicuous) brand lead to lower counterfeit purchase intention, and anticipated embarrassment mediates both these effects. To mitigate the threat of embarrassment, publicly self-conscious consumers are more likely to buy counterfeits among a higher-class audience when the brand is inconspicuous (vs conspicuous). They, however, are indifferent to brand conspicuousness among a lower-class audience. Practical implications: To deter counterfeit consumption, anti-counterfeiting campaigns must invoke consumers' tendency to overestimate the degree of public attention. Ad appeals must accentuate the anticipation of embarrassment by enhancing self-consciousness through a higher-class audience involving a conspicuous brand. Originality/value: This paper makes a novel contribution to counterfeiting literature by demonstrating that counterfeit luxury consumption is driven by countervailing motives of gaining approval and avoiding disapproval. The paper departs from mainstream theorizing by demonstrating that counterfeit luxury buyers engage in a protective self-presentation style by choosing inconspicuous counterfeits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam is the property of UIN Saizu Purwokerto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Counterfeit-related studies have revealed motivational drives for counterfeit consumption. Little is known concerning the implications of consumers' enduring and normative beliefs about proper standards of conduct as the determinants of counterfeit patronage. Drawing on the Schwartz theory of human values, experience literature and construal level theory, this research investigates counterfeit patronage by addressing three crucially important questions: (1) what personal values determine counterfeit patronage; (2) how do these relationships vary as a function of counterfeit experience and (3) how do values have power in eliminating counterfeit consumption? Two studies provide robust evidence that self-transcendence values mitigate counterfeit patronage when consumers' counterfeit experience is low. We also demonstrate that consumers who endorse self-transcendence values more exhibit higher levels of construal, which results in reduced counterfeit patronage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some have argued that online intermediaries facilitate sales of counterfeit and fake products. This study investigates the association between anti-counterfeit efforts and the revenue models implemented by intermediaries. We build a stylized analytical model to investigate the conditions under which either the advertising model or the brokerage model would lead to a higher anti-counterfeit effort. We find the intensity of market competition plays a critical role in the intermediary's decisions on anti-counterfeit effort. Specifically, when market competition is less intense, we show that the intermediary has a greater economic incentive to combat counterfeit selling in the brokerage model than in the advertising model. We supplement empirical support to the results. In particular, using a composite score, we find the intermediary that adopts the advertising model tends to have a lower composite score than one using the brokerage model. Our results suggest the focusing on anti-counterfeit measures is more a means rather than an ends in combating counterfeit sales and the policymakers should pay more attention to the impacts from the adopted revenue model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forgery and tampering continue to provide unnecessary economic burdens. Although new anti-forgery and counterfeiting technologies arise, they inadvertently lead to the sophistication of forgery techniques over time, to a point where detection is no longer viable without technological aid. Among the various optical techniques, one of the recently used techniques to detect counterfeit products is HSI, which captures a range of electromagnetic data. To aid in the further exploration and eventual application of the technique, this study categorizes and summarizes existing related studies on hyperspectral imaging and creates a mini meta-analysis of this stream of literature. The literature review has been classified based on the product HSI has used in counterfeit documents, photos, holograms, artwork, and currency detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to increase the level of awareness regarding the risk of using counterfeit parts in the aerospace industry. Manufacturing and selling counterfeit parts is a challenge that almost every business faces and that has an impact on retailers, distributors, and producers. Contrary to other businesses, counterfeiting could be fatal in the aerospace, defense, and automotive sectors. The risk of receiving counterfeit parts or assemblies with counterfeit parts will vary depending on the organization's role and position within the supply chain. The risk increases with the number of supply chain intermediaries (such as sub-tiers, distributors, customers, services, etc.) that incorporate parts into products or assemblies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike other counterfeit products, automotive components are hidden from view and, at least by the lay person, little understood. While the potential scale, scope and impact of the problem is vast, knowledge of this illicit trade is limited. In seeking to contribute to the existing literature on the counterfeiting of auto components, this article focuses on China, a major and growing economy with an expanding vehicle market, a ready internal market for counterfeits and a frequently identified source country of counterfeit goods. Rested upon empirical data from published court judgments in China and open source materials, this article critically explores the counterfeiting of motor vehicle parts inside the country, from manufacture to sale, including identifying the parties involved in the illegitimate business, the counterfeiting process and what motivates the players to engage in it, to gain insights into the social organisation of the illicit trade. Our findings suggest that the trade in counterfeit automotive components does not appear robust from an organisational viewpoint, which tends to be carried out by individuals on the basis of necessity and opportunity rather than authority and formal rationality. The article's findings forge a link between counterfeiting and social inequality and help argue that given the current socio-economic settings and a booming market of used vehicles, the dirty economy is likely to persist. Furthermore, as the empirical data shows, currently, the nature of the trade in dangerous counterfeit goods is not duly recognised in law enforcement and legal practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that counterfeiting cannot be easily eliminated, we develop four approaches by which luxury wine producers can leverage the opportunities of being counterfeited. Counterfeit wines can increase brand exposure and awareness and serve as gateways for their genuine counterparts. Genuine producers can exploit the existence of counterfeit wines to develop innovative wine‐based experiences that cannot be counterfeited and boost innovation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study identified contrasting experiences of purchasing and owning luxury fashion counterfeit items: while some participants carefully considered and were ultimately satisfied with their counterfeit purchase, others impulsively purchased and later reappraised and regretted their decision. The findings underlined the importance of consumer perceptions of quality to luxury and luxury counterfeit fashion products. They showed how education about the unethical features of the counterfeit industry could change consumer behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, convolutional neural networks have shown good performance in many counterfeit detection tasks. However, accurate counterfeit detection is still challenging due to the following three issues: (1) fine-grained classification, (2) class imbalance, and (3) high imitation samples. To address these issues, we propose a hybrid attention network (HANet) for counterfeit luxury handbag detection. In HANet, a hybrid attention module is first designed. Compared with existing methods that directly use classic CNNs for counterfeit detection, the HA module jointly uses a channel attention unit and a spatial attention unit to learn important information on both the channel and spatial dimensions. The HA modules can be easily integrated into the ResNet architecture to enhance the discriminative representation ability of CNNs, so as to help the network find subtle differences between the real and counterfeit products. In addition, an appraiser-guided loss is proposed to train HANet. Considering the factor of class imbalance and high imitation samples, the proposed loss gives the counterfeit class a higher weighting, and meanwhile gives the high imitation samples a much higher weighting. The proposed loss introduces the knowledge of appraisers, which allows HANet to not only treat real and counterfeit samples relatively fairly, but also pay more attention to the learning of difficult samples. To evaluate the performance of our method, we have constructed a well-benchmarked luxury handbag dataset. On this dataset, the performance of HANet, ResNet50, and the state-of-the-art attention methods is compared. The results demonstrate that HANet achieve superior performance against all its competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of high‐quality, low‐price counterfeits in many luxury markets threatens the role of luxury goods as a status symbol. If those counterfeits look and feel the same as the authentic counterparts, as many professional authenticators observe, and they are available at a fraction of the price of authentic goods, why would self‐interested consumers purchase authentic luxury goods? Then, the future of luxury goods is called into question. In this paper, we propose that the presence of high‐quality, low‐price counterfeits can, surprisingly, motivate the wealthy consumers to pursue what we term as the "maximalist luxury" strategy. In the presence of these counterfeits, the wealthy can resort to signaling their status by purchasing the maximum number of luxury goods available and put their copious consumption on display, while in the absence of such counterfeits, the wealthy consumers only need to purchase the minimum number of luxury goods to stand out. This new signaling mechanism then highlights the importance of product line decisions by a luxury brand in combating counterfeits and provides a number of managerial insights about how to maintain the role of luxury goods as a status symbol through pricing, adjusting the product line, and limiting its products' functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conjunction with the rise of the Muslim population and beauty awareness, the halal cosmetic industry is expected to grow significantly. This growth serves as an opportunity for the cosmetic industry in Malaysia to bring out a lot of new cosmetic products into the industry. However, it can lead to strengthened market competition which then resulting in the emergence of counterfeit and unlicensed cosmetic and beauty products into the local market. Despite the growing potential of halal cosmetic industry, consumers are not being exposed sufficiently to the importance of halalan tayyiban in a cosmetic product. This study will analyze the influence of religiosity, brand consciousness and demographic background towards perception of Muslim consumers on counterfeit cosmetic products. Data for this study are extracted from existing literatures in the research area of Halal cosmetic industry in local and outside Malaysia. This study will give the opportunity for future researchers to expand the area of research of halal cosmetics and will be essential for future developments in the halal cosmetics industry itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacturing and marketing of counterfeit or duplicate products and goodsleads to consequential financial, health and safety threat to end users. It also impacts on the economic growth of original manufacturers and businesses through revenue loss, product defamation, downtime, replacement expenses, forcing brands to spend money fighting counterfeits, trust among business partners can also be at risk, stealing sales etc. To overcome these crucial effects of counterfeiting, a blockchain based system is used in identification of original products and detects duplicate products to ensure the identification of original goods. In this work, with massive emerging trends in wireless technology, QR (Quick Response) codes and barcodes provides a robust technique to cut down the practice of counterfeiting the products. The fake products are detected using camera scanner, where QR or barcode of the product is linked to a block chain in order to store product details and guaranteed unique code of each product as blocks in the database. If the code matches, the notification will be sent to the customer indicating the authenticity of the product and else if it does not match, a notification will be sent to customer that product is fake or counterfeited as well as to manufacturer about the place of purchase if customer accepts the request made by the application. This approach ensures that consumers won't completely rely on merchants to determine if products are original or forged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]