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Alaudicola eremophila sp. n. (Figs. 22–24) Material examined. Male holotype, 3 male and 11 female paratypes from the Horned Lark, Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Alaudidae), (HOLA/525/PWRC/11, SM 2173), CANADA, Manitoba, Winnipeg, 22 October 2011, coll. T.D. Galloway and P.G. Snarr. Depository. Holotype, 1 male and 4 female paratypes — CNC, remaining paratypes — WRME and ZISP. Additional material. 7 males and 19 females from E. alpestris, (Z-2251), RUSSIA, Rostov Oblast, near Rostov-on-Don, 29 January 2013, coll. A.V. Zabashta. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 3 paratypes in parentheses) (Figs. 22, 24A–E). Idiosoma, length × width, 400 (365–415) × 200 (175–205), length of hysterosoma 250 (230–265). Prodorsal shield: occupying anterior two thirds of prodorsum, split into anterior and posterior parts by wide transverse band of soft tegument at level of scapular setae (se, si), anterolateral extensions pointed, total length of shield 97 (96–100), length of anterior part along midline 65 (62–67), length of posterior part 21 (20–25), width of posterior part 118 (112–122), its posterior margin uneven and slightly convex. Setae ve absent. Bases of scapular setae se separated by 60 (60–63). Scapular shields narrow, scarcely developed dorsally. Humeral shields represented by small roughly triangular sclerites situated dorsolaterally and bearing bases of setae c2; in some specimens these shields absent. Bases of setae cp and c2 situated on striated tegument. Subhumeral setae c3 spiculiform, 26 (24–27) long. Prodorsal and hysteronotal shields separated from each other by broad area of transversally striated soft tegument, length of this area 90 (80–90) and similar to the total length of prodorsal shield. Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin slightly concave, surface without ornamentation, greatest length 220 (210–230), width at anterior margin 150 (145–155). Opisthosomal lobes roughly trapezoidal, slightly shorter than wide at base; posterior margins of lobes truncate, without extensions at bases of setae h2 and h3. Terminal cleft approximately as equilateral triangle, 28 (25–33) long. Supranal concavity poorly outlined, extending to midlength between levels of setae e1 and e2. Setae c1 on anterior margin of hysteronotal shield or on striated tegument. Setae f2 slightly anterior to bases of setae ps2. Setae h1 situated at level of anterior end of terminal cleft. Setae h3 long spiculiform, 40 (38–40) long; setae ps2 65 (65–75) long. Setae ps1 filiform, about 10 long, situated on margin of terminal cleft at level of setae h2. Distances between dorsal setae: c2:d2 98 (90–105), d2:e2 83 (82–87), e2:h3 37 (37–48), d1:d2 30 (30–40), e1: e2 43 (38–44), h1:h2 28 (25–33), h2:h2 70 (67–73), h3:h3 48 (45–50), ps2:ps2 80 (80–83). Epimerites I fused into a V strongly narrowed posteriorly, fused part with a pair of minute lateral and one medial denticles. Coxal fields I, II without sclerotized areas. Rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa absent. Coxal fields I–III open. Coxal fields IV without sclerotized areas at bases of trochanters IV. Epimerites IVa present. Genital arch small, with sclerotized area connecting its tips shaped as a V, size of arch together with sclerotized area 23 (20–23) × 30 (28–32); aedeagus sword-shaped, 78 (76–80) long, extending to posterior margin of adanal suckers; basal sclerite of genital apparatus with posterior end large, U-shaped (Fig. 24A). Genital papillae rudimentary, not connected at bases, situated posterior to genital arch, approximately at midlevel of basal sclerite. Genital and adanal shields absent. Adanal suckers 13 (13–14) in diameter, corolla with 16–18 small denticles, surrounding membrane with radial striae. Opisthoventral shields large triangular, completely crossing bases of opisthosomal lobes forming translobar apodemes; setae ps3 situated in middle of these shields. Setae 4b situated posterior to level of setae 3a, setae ps 3 in centers of opisthosventral shields, approximately at level of anterior end of terminal cleft. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b: 18 (17–23), 4b:4a 38 (28–38), 4a:g 40 (38–42), g:ps3 50 (49–52), ps3:ps3 55 (48–55), ps3:h3 33 (28–33). Femora I with narrow ventral crests, other segments of legs I, II without processes (Fig. 24B, C). Solenidion σ of genu I half as along as this segment and situated in its anterior half. Genual setae cG I, II and mG I filiform, setae mG II slightly thickened basally. Setae d and f of tarsi II, III subequal in length. Solenidion φ of tibia IV extending to distal third of tarsus IV. Tarsus IV 30 (29–30) long, without apical process; setae d and e button-like, seta d in basal half of this segment (Fig. 24E). Length of solenidia: ω1 I 19 (18–20), ω1 II 13 (11–15), σ I 16 (15–18), σ III 12 (11–12), φIV 22 (20–23). FEMALE (range for 10 paratypes) (Fig. 23, 24F, G). Idiosoma, length × width, 515–565 × 215–225, length of hysterosoma 325–345. Prodorsal shield: split into two pieces as in male, anterolateral extensions long and pointed, total length of shield 112–125, length of anterior part along midline 75–80, length of posterior part 25–35, width of posterior part 135–150, its posterior margin unevenly sinuous. Setae ve absent. Bases of setae se separated by 78–85. Scapular shields narrow, developed dorsally in anterior part of prodorsum. Humeral shields shaped as small sclerites of irregular form, situated dorsolaterally, rarely absent. Setae c 2 in anteromedian angles of humeral shields or on stritated tegument. Setae cp on striated tegument. Setae c3 spiculiform, 28–30 long. Prodorsal and hysteronotal shields separated from each other by broad transversally striated area of soft tegument, length of this area 100–130. Anterior and lobar parts of hysteronotal shield separated dorsally by narrow transverse band of soft tegument. Anterior hysteronotal shield wide anteriorly and strongly attenuate posteriorly, anterior margin convex, surface without ornamentation, greatest length 240–260, and width at anterior margin 145–160 (Fig. 23A). Length of lobar region 58–68, greatest width 75–78; lobar apices widely rounded. Terminal cleft narrow V-shaped, 35–48 long. Lobar shield split longitudinally, area of soft tegument between its pieces small, triangular, surface without ornamentation. Supranal concavity poorly outlined. Setae h1 on lobar shields near their anterior margins; setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Setae h2 represented by macrosetae, strongly enlarged basally and gradually narrowing to filiform apex, 210–230 long. Setae ps1 situated on inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, close to lobar apices. Setae h3 13–15 long, about 1/5 the length of terminal appendages. Distances between dorsal setae: c2:d2 120–135, d2:e2 115–120, e2:h2 40–45, h2:h3 28–35, d1:d2 40–43, e1: e2 50–55, h1:h2 15–20, h1:h1 30–34, h2: h2 60–65, h2:ps1 16–20. Epimerites I fused into a U strongly narrowed posteriorly, fused part with minute median extension (Fig. 23B). Coxal fields I, II without large sclerotized areas. Epimerites IVa absent. Translobar apodemes of opisthosomal lobes present, narrow, not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Epigynum without lateral ledges, greatest width 78–80; apodemes of oviporus fused with epimerites IIIa. Pseudanal setae filiform, setae ps3 at level of anterior 1/3rd of anal slit, setae ps2 situated at level of posterior end of anal slit and widely separated from each other (in some specimens absent); distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 48–55, ps3:ps3 25–35, ps2:ps3 28–33. Copulatory opening situated immediately posterior to anal opening. Head of spermatheca conical, proximal half of primary spermaduct monotonously enlarging to head of spermatheca, secondary spermaducts 18–20 long (Fig. 24G). Legs I, II as in male. Solenidion σ of genu I approximately half the length of this segment and situated at its midlevel. Genual setae cG I, II, mG I, II as in male. Seta d and f of tarsi II–IV subequal. Genu IV not inflated dorsally, with narrow dorsal crest. Lengths of solenidia: ω1 I 25–28, ω1 II 13–15, σ I 18–20, σ III 10–12, φ III 37–40, φ IV 8–10. Differential diagnosis. Alaudicola eremophila sp. n. is very similar to A. bilobatus (Robin, 1877) from the Eurasian Skylark, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, in having the opisthosomal lobes short with a truncated or bluntly rounded posterior margin (Gaud & Atyeo 1996; Mironov 1996). Alaudicola eremophila differs from A. bilobatus by the following features: in males, the lateral margins of the terminal cleft are distinctly divergent, the terminal cleft is shaped as an equilateral triangle; in females, the secondary spermaducts are 18–20 long, setae ps3 situated approximately at the level of the anterior one third of the anal slit. In males of A. bilobatus, the lateral margins of the terminal cleft are almost parallel, the whole terminal cleft is nearly U-shaped, and 8–10 wide at midlength; in females, the secondary spermaducts are 25–30 long, and setae ps3 are situated approximately at the midlength of the anal slit or slightly posterior. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in apposition. Remark. The new species described above was previously reported from E. alpestris in Canada (Galloway et al. 2014: 170) under the name A. bilobatus., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V. & Galloway, Terry D., 2021, Feather mites of the subfamily Pterodectinae (Acariformes: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines and kingfishers in Canada, pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 5016 (1) on pages 38-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5016.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5221702, {"references":["Robin, C. & Megnin, P. (1877) Memoire sur les Sarcoptides plumicoles. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux, Paris, 13, 209 - 248 + 391 - 429 + 498 - 520 + 629 - 656, pls. XII + XIII + XXII - XXIX + XXXVI - XXXVIII.","Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W. T. (1996) Feather mites of the World (Acarina, Astigmata): the supraspecific taxa. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques, 277, Parts 1 & 2, 1 - 193 (text), 1 - 436 (illustrations)."]}

Mironov, Sergey V., Galloway, Terry D. (2021): Feather mites of the subfamily Pterodectinae (Acariformes: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines and kingfishers in Canada. Zootaxa 5016 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5016.1.1

Genus Alaudicola Mironov, 1996 Type species: Proctophyllodes (Pterodectes) bilobatus Robin, 1877, by original designation. Diagnosis. Both sexes. Moderately elongated pterodectines. Full set of hysteronosomal setae. Full set of leg setae occurring in pterodectines, or setae sR III can be absent. Setae c2 on humeral shields or on striated tegument. Setae c3 spiculiform. Male. Opisthosomal lobes of moderate length, 1.5–2 times longer than wide at base, rounded, truncated or slightly attenuate apically, apices with or without small membranous denticles. Setae ps3 lateral or posterolateral to adanal suckers. Bases of opisthosomal lobes crossed by opisthoventral shields forming translobar apodemes and bearing setae ps3. Ventral surface of opisthosomal lobes distally without sclerotization. Setae h3 spiculiform. Aedeagus sword-shaped, not extending beyond lobar apices. Genital papillae at level of genital arch base and usually strongly reduced. Female. Setae ps2, ps3 arranged in wide trapezoid, always filiform; setae ps2 can be absent. Macrosetae h2 long whip-shaped, gradually attenuate to filiform apices. Remark. In contrast to the previous three genera, Alaudicola belongs to the Montesauria generic complex (Mironov 2009; Mironov et al. 2010, 2012), representatives of which were previously known from the Old World. To date, the genus Alaudicola has included four species associated with oscine passerines; three of them are specific to larks (Alaudidae) and one is known from the Western Black-eared Wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Muscicapidae) (Gaud & Atyeo 1996; Mironov 1996, 2006). Included species: Alaudicola bilobatus (Robin, 1877), A. bureschi (Vassilev, 1958), A. eremophila sp. n., A. rosickyi (Cerny, 1963), and A. holothyra (Gaud, 1952)., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V. & Galloway, Terry D., 2021, Feather mites of the subfamily Pterodectinae (Acariformes: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines and kingfishers in Canada, pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 5016 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5016.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5221702, {"references":["Robin, C. & Megnin, P. (1877) Memoire sur les Sarcoptides plumicoles. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux, Paris, 13, 209 - 248 + 391 - 429 + 498 - 520 + 629 - 656, pls. XII + XIII + XXII - XXIX + XXXVI - XXXVIII.","Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W. T. (1996) Feather mites of the World (Acarina, Astigmata): the supraspecific taxa. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques, 277, Parts 1 & 2, 1 - 193 (text), 1 - 436 (illustrations).","Gaud, J. (1952) Sarcoptides plumicoles des oiseaux de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Series A, 7, 81 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1524900"]}

Two new feather mite species, Nycteridocaulus sulcatus sp. n. and Tyranniphyllodes empidonicus sp. n. (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae), are described from the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), in Canada. The clearest distinguishing characteristic of N. sulcatus is the structure of the supranal concavity in males, which is parallel-sided, heavily sclerotized and opened posteriorly. Tyranniphyllodes empidonicus readily differs from the only previously known species, T. pitangi Hernandes et al. 2007, by the absence of setae d1 in both sexes and in having strongly elongated epimerites IVa and the genital sheath in males not extending to the tip of the aedeagus, and long anterolateral extensions of the prodorsal shield in females. This is the first record of the genus Tyranniphyllodes in North America., Acarologia, 60, 878-891

Seven species and four undetermined feather mites are reported from various birds in Piracicaba, Brazil: Dermoglyphus elongatus Mégnin, 1877 (Dermoglyphidae) ex Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) “chicken” (Phasianidae), Mesosathes tetrasetosus (Novaes, 1953) (Crypturoptidae) and Neumannella astacus Dabert & Skoracki, 2004 (Dermoglyphidae) ex Crypturellus tataupa (Temminck, 1815) “tataupa tinamou” (Tinamidae), Piciformobia ani (Černý, 1915) (Gabuciniidae) ex Crotophaga ani Linnaeus, 1758 “smooth-billed ani” (Cuculidae), Piciformobia guirae Alzuet, Cicchino & Abrahamovich, 1988 (Gabuciniidae) ex Guira guira (Gmelin, 1788) “guira cuckoo” (Cuculidae), Proctophyllodes thraupis Atyeo & Braasch, 1966 (Proctophyllodidae) ex Thraupis sayaca (Linnaeus, 1766) “sayaca tanager” (Thraupidae), Proctophyllodes troncatus Robin, 1877 ex Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) “house sparrow” (Passeridae); and undetermined species of the genera: Amerodectes sp. (Proctophyllodidae), Mesalgoides sp. (Psoroptoididae), and Trouessartia sp. (Trouessartiidae) ex Arundinicola leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1764) “white-headed marsh tyrant” (Tyrannidae), and Analges sp. (Analgidae) ex Euphonia chlorotica (Linnaeus, 1766) “purple-throated euphonia” (Fringillidae). Four of them are recorded for the first time in Brazil: D. elongatus, Pi. ani, Pr. thraupis, and Pr. troncatus.

A new species of the feather mite genus Proterothrix (Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) is described from the Large Niltava Niltava grandis (Blyth) (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae) in northeast India (Meghalaya, Jaintia Hills, Shnongrim village). Proterothrix chachulae Constantinescu, sp. n. differs from all known species of the genus by having in males the aedeagus with bilobate tip. The morphological description is supplemented with molecular characterisation of a fragment f near the 5` terminus of the mitochondrial COI gene.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:37:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-03 Four feather mites - Analges spiniger Giebel, 1871 (Analgidae), Pandionacarus fuscus (Nitzsch, 1818), Zachvatkinia issykkulica Chirov, 1978 (Avenzoariidae), and Proctophyllodes sylviae Gaud, 1957 (Proctophyllodidae) - are reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Males and females of A. spiniger and Pr. sylviae were collected from the blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla dammholzi Stresemann, 1928 (Passeriformes), while Z. issykkulica and P. fuscus specimens were collected from the Saunders's tern, Sternula saundersi (Hume, 1877) (Charadriiformes) and the osprey, Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Accipitriformes), respectively. The families Analgidae and Proctophyllodidae, as well as the genus Pandionacarus, are new to this country. Assiut Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, Assiut, Egypt Ibaraki Univ, Lab Appl Entomol & Zool, Fac Agr, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, Brazil Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Fac Sci, Cairo, Egypt King Saud Univ, Coll Food & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Protect, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Taif Univ, Biol Dept, Coll Sci, At Taif, Saudi Arabia Prince Saud Al Faisal Res Ctr, Saudi Wildlife Author, At Taif, Saudi Arabia Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, Brazil

Nycteridocaulus leptopogoni Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 16–18) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6356), 10 male and 10 female paratypes from Leptopogon superciliaris Tschudi, 1944 (Tyrannidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamaca Mts., 09°46′N, 83°47′W, 31 July 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 8 male and 8 female paratypes (ZISP 6357–6372)—ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-001), 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 310 (305– 340) × 140 (140–165), length of hysterosoma 210 (210–220). Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions with rounded tips, lateral margins entire, posterior margin slightly concave, 95 (95–105) in length and 105 (105–120) in width, surface with numerous circular lacunae up to 10 in diameter (Fig. 16 A). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 65 (65–75). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shield. Setae c3 lanceolate, 18 (18–19) × 5 (5–6). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 20 (15–20). Hysteronotal shield: 200 (195–220) in length and 115 (110–125) in width; anterior margin slightly concave, surface with numerous circular lacunae as on prodorsal shield. Opisthosoma slightly attenuate posteriorly. Opisthosomal lobes short, roughly rectangular, posterior margin almost straight; terminal lamellae short rectangular, 5 (5–6) in length and 16 (16–19) in width. Terminal cleft small, narrowly triangular, with anterior end extending to level of setae h2, 17 (15–17) in length, 9 (8–10) in width at posterior end. Supranal concavity present, narrowed posteriorly. Setae h2 situated on small semiovate lateral extensions of opisthosomal lobes; setae h3 situated in posterolateral angle of opisthosomal lobes; setae ps 1 in posteromedial angles of lobes, slightly posterior to level of setae h3; setae h1 situated slightly anterior to setae ps2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 75 (72–80), d2:e2 80 (80–85), e2:h3 40 (40–43), h2:h2 58 (55–64), h3:h3 44 (42–50), ps2:ps2 70 (70–75), h1:h2 32 (32–38), d1:d2 15 (15–20), e1:e2 28 (28–35), ps1:h3 3 (3–4). Epimerites I free, close to each other, posterior tips slightly divergent; epimerites I, II with narrow surface fields; epimerites IVa absent (Fig. 16 B). Rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa present. Trochanters III flanked by sclerotized band connecting bases of epimerites III and IIIa. Epimerites IIIa wide, with sclerotized plates around their inner tips almost touching at midline. Trochanters IV flanked by sclerotized bands stretching from bases of epimerites IV. Genital apparatus situated posterior to level of trochanters IV. Genital arch shaped as recurved bow, 13 (13–15) in length and 42 (42–45) in width. Aedeagus stylet-like, 20 (20–22) in length, reaching level of setae g (Fig. 18 A, B). Genital papillae on small oval plates at level of genital arch apex. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae h3 100 (100–105). Pregenital apodemes absent. Setae 4a on soft tegument, setae 4b on sclerotized areas of epimerites IIIa. Adanal suckers 16 (16–17) in diameter, corolla with 9 denticles. Adanal shields represented by a pair of roughly L-shaped sclerites situated anterior to anal suckers. Setae ps3 situated on transverse branches of adanal shields. Opisthoventral shields shaped as small roughly triangular extensions at level of anal opening. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 15 (13–15), 4b:4a 25 (25–28), 4a:g 42 (42–45), g:g 18 (18–20), g:ps3 23 (23–25), ps3:ps3 23 (23–25), ps3:h3 53 (52–60). Femora I, II with ventral crest. Solenidion σ1 of genu I equal in length to this segment and situated at its midlevel. Solenidion σ of genu III situated in proximal half of this segment (Fig. 18 C–E). Legs III, IV subequal in size, legs IV with ambulacral discs extending to level of lobar apices. Tarsus IV 20 (20–25) in length, with apicoventral claw-like process bearing seta w; modified setae d and e button-like, situated in distal half of this segment (Fig. 18 F). Setae d and f of tarsi II, III subequal in length. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 23 (23–28), σ III 10 (10– 13), φ IV 30 (30–33). FEMALE (range for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 430–450 × 170–180, length of hysterosoma 310–320. Prodorsal shield: form and ornamentation as in male, 110–115 in length and 130–135 in width. Setae se separated by 80–85. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 18–20 × 5–6. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 15–20. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 220–230 in length and 130–140 in width, anterior margin straight, posterior margin with short and widely rounded median extension, entire surface with numerous circular lacunae; in posterior part these lacunae noticeably larger, up to 10 in diameter (Fig. 17 A). Lobar region: 95–105 in length and 108–110 in width, lateral margins convex, without noticeable extensions bearing setae h2; lobar shield entire, its anterior margin with a pair of narrow triangular incisions and small semirounded extension between them. Terminal cleft narrow, almost parallel-sided, 65–73 in length, 12–15 in width at midlevel. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 lanceolate in basal part and with filiform apex, 80–90 in length, 7–8 in width; setae h3 68–75 in length, approximately half the length of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between the anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Setae ps1 on inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, close to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 90–95, d2:e2 120–125, e2:h2 50–55, h2:h3 38–45, h1:h2 40–45, d1:d 2 30–35, e1:e2 60–65, h1:h 1 28–30, h2:h2 85–88, h2:ps 1 23–30. Epimerites I as in male; epimerites I–II with narrow sclerotized fields. Epimerites IVa large, roughly triangular, with long posterior extension (Fig. 17 B). Epigynum horseshoe-shaped, thick, with rounded tips extending beyond level of setae g, 55–60 in length, 75–80 in width. Genital papillae of each side on small ovate sclerotized plate. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated near to anterior end of terminal cleft. Head of spermatheca short; proximal part of primary spermaduct with strong enlargement 30–35 long, with short collar around base of narrowed part; secondary spermaducts 50–55 long (Fig. 18 H). Distance between pseudanal setae, ps2:ps2 48–50, ps3:ps 3 24–25, ps2:ps 3 13–14. Legs I, II as male. Solenidion σ of genu III in proximal half of this segment. Legs IV with distal margin of ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion φ of tibia IV slightly shorter than corresponding tarsus. Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f, setae d of tarsi III, IV shorter than corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 28–33, σ III 15–20, φ III 45 –50, φ IV 35 –40. Differential diagnosis. The new species, Nycteridocaulus leptopogoni Mironov sp. n., is most similar to N. tyranni Atyeo, 1966 from Contopus pertinax Cabanis and Heine (Tyrannidae) from Mexico in having numerous large circular lacunae on the dorsal shields in both sexes, and short terminal lamellae of rectangular form and thick L-shaped adanal shields in males. Nycteridocaulus leptopogoni differs from the latter species as follows: in males, the pregenital apodemes are absent, setae ps3 are situated on the adanal shields and the terminal cleft extends to the level of setae h2; in females, the terminal cleft is narrow and nearly 5 times longer than wide, and setae h2 are distinctly shorter than terminal appendages. In males of N. tyrrani, the pregenital apodemes are represented by small sclerites of irregular form situated anterior to setae 4a, setae ps3 are situated off the adanal shields, and the terminal cleft barely extends to the level of setae h3; in females, the terminal cleft is 1.5 – 2 times longer than wide at midlength, and macrosetae h2 are nearly 2 times longer than the terminal appendages. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in the genitive case.

Platyacarus sclerurus Mironov sp. n. (Fig. 10–12) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6591), 11 male and 17 female paratypes from Sclerurus mexicanus Sclater, PL, 1857 (Furnariidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09°46’N, 83°47’W, 10 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 9 male and 15 female paratypes (ZISP 6592–6615)—ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-009), 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 295 (290– 305) × 145 (140–150), length of hysterosoma 195 (190–205). Prodorsal shield: entire, antero-lateral extensions fused with epimerites Ia, lateral margins without incisions, posterior margin with short and widely rounded median extension, 105 (100–110) in length, 100 (95–105) in width, surface with numerous minute circular lacunae (Fig. 10 A). Bases of scapular setae se separated by 57 (55–60). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 22 (20–22) × 7 (6–7.5). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 10 (8–10). Hysteronotal shield: 185 (180–195) in length and 88 (85–90) in width; anterior margin straight, surface with numerous minute circular lacunae. Setae c1 on hysteronotal shield. Small metapodosomal sclerites situated laterally between levels of trochanters III and IV. Supranal concavity well expressed, length from anterior end to anterior margin of terminal cleft 35 (30–35). Opisthosomal lobes poorly developed, as a pair of short and rounded convexities between bases of setae h2. Terminal cleft small triangular, 15 (15–16) long. Terminal lamellae tongue-shaped, short, with fine dorsal punctation, 20 (17–20) in length, 14 (13–15) in wide at base, distance between inner margins of lamellae about 5. Setae f2 present. Setae h1 closer to level of setae ps2 than to e2. Setae ps1 on inner margin of opisthosomal lobes, slightly anterior to level of setae h2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 60 (60–65), d2:e2 78 (75–80), e2:h3 50 (50–55), h2:h2 58 (55–60), h3:h3 40 (40–45), ps2:ps2 70 (65–72), h1:h3 30 (26–30), ps1:h3 5 (3–5), d1:d2 18 (17–22), e1: e2 38 (25–38). Epimerites I fused into a Y, sternum about half of the total length of epimerites; epimerites I, II without wide surface fields (Fig. 10 B). Epimerites IVa small. Rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa present. Bases of epimerites I, II not inflated. Bases of trochanters III flanked by sclerotized band connecting corresponding epimerites. Bases of trochanter IV flanked by triangular sclerotized fields of epimerites IV. Genital arch of moderate size, 18 (16–18) long and 30 (30–32) wide, its apex at midlevel of trochanters IV; genital organ stylet-like, 38 (35–38) long, reaching midlevel between setae g and ps3 (Fig. 12 A). Distance from genital arch apex to level of setae h3 98 (98– 105). Bases of genital papillae not connected, situated at level of genital arch apex. Paragenital apodemes represented by a pair of thin longitudinal sclerites lateral to genital arch. Antero-lateral pieces of adanal shields ovate; postero-medial pieces of adanal shields flanking anal opening and bearing setae ps3. Adanal suckers barrelshaped, 18 (17–18) in apical diameter; corolla with 8 denticles, those on anterior margin of corolla slightly smaller than on posterior one. Setae 4b posterior to level of setae 3a. Distance between ventral setae: 4b:3a 10 (10–12), 4b:4a 38 (35–40), 4a:g 38 (38–41), g:ps3 28 (26–30), g:g 10 (10–12), ps3:ps3 11 (11–13), ps3:h3 50(48–50). Femora I, II with narrow ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I half as long as genu I and situated closer to distal margin of this segment (Fig. 12 B, C). Solenidion σ of genu III situated at midlevel of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of terminal lamellae. Tarsus IV 28 (27–30) long, without apical or dorsal processes; button-like seta d situated in basal half of this segment (Fig. 12 D). Solenidion φ of tibia IV extending to apex of this segment. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 10 (10–12), σ III 12 (10–13), φ IV 30 (30–35). FEMALE (range for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 435–455 × 195–200, length of hysterosoma 300–315. Prodorsal shield: entire, anterolateral extensions rounded, lateral margins without incisions, posterior margin with widely rounded short median extension, 130–140 long and 145–155 wide, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 11 A). Bases of setae se separated by 92–95. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 24–29 × 6.5–7.5. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 8–10. Hysteronotal shields completely split into anterior and lobar shields. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 225–235 in length and 120–130 in width at anterior margin, 140–145 in wide in posterior part, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin with short and wide median extension and a pair of shallow concavities, surface with minute circular lacunae in posterior half. Setae c1 on anterior hysteronotal shield. Lobar shield: 78–82 in length and 115–120 in width. Opisthosomal lobes slightly longer than wide at base. Terminal cleft almost rectangular, lateral margins slightly convex, 48–50 in length, 18–23 in width at midlevel. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 with spindle-like basal enlargement and with filiform apical part, 100–110 in length, 6–7 in width; setae h3 60–65 in length, about 2/3rd of terminal appendages. Setae f2 present. Setae h1 inserted on soft tegument between the anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, close to lobar apices. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 78–88, d2:e2 125–135, e2:h2 55–60, h2:h3 40–44, h1:h 2 30–32, d1:d 2 20–25, e1: e2 50–55, h1:h1 35–42, h2:h2 100–105, h2:ps 1 27–30. Epimerites I with posterior tips connected by very thin commissure; epimerites I, II without sclerotized fields (Fig. 11 B). Epimerites IVa present, heavily sclerotized. Bases of epimerites I, II not inflated. Coxal fields II laterally with large sclerotized areas. Bases of trochanters III–IV flanked by sclerotized bands connecting corresponding epimerites. Epigynum semicircular, thick, with acute tips extending to level of genital papillae, 38– 42 in length, 64–68 in width, without lateral extensions. Genital papillae not connected at bases. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening situated ventral, near anterior margin of translobar apodemes, and covered with posterior ends of anal flaps. Head of spermatheca small cone-shaped, poorly sclerotized; primary spermaduct with short monotonous enlargement toward head of spermatheca; secondary spermaducts 10–12 long (Fig. 12 E). Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 60–62, ps3:ps 3 25–28, ps2:ps 3 8–10. Legs I, II as in male. Solenidion σ of genu III situated in basal part of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion φ of tibia IV slightly shorter than corresponding tarsus. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 15–17, σ III 14–16, φ III 37 –42, φ IV 25–28. Differential diagnosis. The new species Platyacarus sclerurus sp. n. is very close to P. minor (Berla, 1959) from Sclerurus scansor (Ménétriès, 1835) (Furnariidae) described from Brazil (Berla 1959) in having setae f 2 in both sexes and a pair of small metapodosomal sclerites in males. Platyacarus sclerurus differs from P. minor by the characters as follows: in both sexes, the posterior margin of the prodorsal shield has a short and widely rounded median extension; in males, the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is straight, epimerites IVa are present, and the terminal lamellae are close to each other, with their inner margins separated by 5 µm; in females, the bases of trochanters II–IV are flanked by sclerotized bands, the terminal cleft is 2.1–2.7 times longer than wide in the narrowest part (48–50 ×18–23 µm) and the prodorsal shield lacks any lacunae. In both sexes of P. minor, the posterior margin of the prodorsal shield is straight or slightly convex; in males, the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is concave, epimerites IVa are absent, and the terminal lamellae are separated by a distance of about 15 µm; in females, the bases of trochanters II–IV are not flanked by sclerotized bands, the terminal cleft is narrow (c. 10 µm in narrowest part) and the prodorsal shield bears minute circular lacunae. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in apposition.

Nycteridocaulus myiobius Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 19���21) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6 148), 8 male and 12 female paratypes from Myiobius sulphureipygius (Sclater, PL, 1857) (Tyrannidae), COSTA RICA, Rinc��n de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10��46'N, 85��18'W, 24 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 6 male and 8 female paratypes (ZISP 6149���6165)���ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype���UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-015), 1 male and 1 female paratype���IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 8 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length �� width, 295 (290��� 310) �� 140 (140���150), length of hysterosoma 195 (190���200). Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions with rounded tips, lateral margins entire, posterior margin straight, 100 (95���105) in length and 100 (100���110) in width, entire surface with numerous circular lacunae up to 10 in diameter (Fig. 19 A). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 65 (65���75). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 18 (17���19) �� 4 (4���5). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 10 (10���15). Hysteronotal shield: 190 (190���200) in length and 110 (105���115) in width; anterior margin slightly concave, surface with numerous circular lacunae as on prodorsal shield. Opisthosoma slightly attenuate posteriorly. Opisthosomal lobes short, roughly rectangular, posterior margin almost straight; terminal lamellae short rectangular, 11 (10���11) in length and 15 (15���18) in width. Terminal cleft small triangular, with anterior end extending to level of setae h2, 15 (15���17) in length, 11 (10���13) in width at level of setae ps1. Supranal concavity present, narrowed posteriorly. Setae h2 situated on truncate lateral extensions of opisthosomal lobes; setae h3 situated in posterolateral angles of lobes; setae ps 1 in posteromedial angles of lobes, slightly anterior to level of setae h3; setae h1 situated slightly anterior to setae ps2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 72 (70���75), d2:e2 65 (65���70), e2:h3 50 (50���60), h2:h2 65 (65���70), h3:h3 48 (48���55), ps2:ps2 72 (72���78), h1:h3 37 (30���38), d1:d2 22 (18���22), e1: e2 28 (23���28). Epimerites I free, close to each other, posterior tips divergent; epimerites I, II with narrow surface fields; epimerites IVa absent (Fig. 19 B). Rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa present. Trochanters III flanked by sclerotized bands going from bases of epimerites IIIa. Epimerites IIIa wide, with sclerotized areas around their inner tips with acute anterior extensions almost touching at midline and with short posterior extensions. Trochanters IV flanked by sclerotized bands stretching from bases of epimerites IV. Genital apparatus situated slightly posterior to level of trochanters IV. Genital arch shaped as recurved bow, 10 (9���11) in length and 38 (38���42) in width. Aedeagus styletlike, 18 (15���18) in length, reaching level of setae g (Fig. 21 A). Genital papillae of each side on small oval plates at level of genital arch apex. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae h3 88 (85���92). Pregenital apodemes absent. Setae 4a on soft tegument, setae 4b on sclerotized areas of epimerites IIIa. Adanal suckers 15 (15���16) in diameter, corolla with 9 denticles. Adanal shields represented by a pair of roughly L-shaped sclerites situated anterior to anal suckers. Setae ps3 situated on transverse branches of adanal shields. Opisthoventral shields shaped as small roughly triangular extensions at level of anal opening. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 10 (10���13), 4b:4a 30 (30���33), 4a:g 33 (32���35), g:g 11 (11���12), g:ps3 25 (25���28), ps3:ps3 25 (25���28), ps3:h3 48 (45���50). Femora I, II with ventral crest. Solenidion ��1 of genu I slightly longer than this segment and situated at its midlevel (Fig. 21 B, C). Solenidion �� of genu III situated at midlevel of this segment. Legs III, IV subequal in size, legs IV with ambulacral discs extending to level of setae h3. Tarsus IV 20 (20���24) in length, with apicoventral spine-like process bearing seta w; modified setae d and e button-like, both situated in distal half of this segment (Fig. 21 D). Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f; setae d of tarsus III shorter than corresponding seta f. Length of solenidia: �� 1 I 28 (25���28), �� III 15 (12���15), �� IV 30 (30���35). FEMALE (range for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma, length �� width, 390���420 �� 165���185, length of hysterosoma 280���300. Prodorsal shield: form and ornamentation as in male, 105���120 in length and 130���140 in width. Setae se separated by 86���92. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 20���22 �� 4���5. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 8���10. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 195���205 in length and 125���145 in width, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin with small rounded median extension and a pair of shallow concavities, entire surface with numerous circular lacunae; in posterior part these lacunae noticeably larger, up to 10 in diameter (Fig. 20 A). Lobar region: 90���95 in length and 90���98 in width, lateral margins strongly convex, without noticeable extensions bearing setae h2; lobar shield entire, its anterior margin concave, with small median extension. Terminal cleft narrow, almost parallel-sided, 55���64 in length, 12���17 in width at midlevel. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 lanceolate without filiform apex, 50���55 in length, 7���8 in width; setae h3 70���75 in length, approximately half the length of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Setae ps1 on inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, close to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 86���95, d2:e2 105���115, e2:h2 37���40, h2:h3 35���38, h1:h2 37���45, d1:d 2 25���34, e1: e2 52���55, h1:h 1 22���25, h2:h2 72���78, h2:ps 1 25���30. \ Epimerites I as in male; epimerites I, II with narrow surface fields. Epimerites IVa large, roughly triangular, with heavily sclerotized posterior extension (Fig. 20 B). Epigynum horseshoe-shaped, thick, lateral margins with blunt-angular extensions, tips acute extending beyond level of setae g, 47���55 in length, 75���85 in width. Genital papillae of each side on small ovate sclerotized plate. Setae ps2 situated at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated near anterior end of terminal cleft. Head of spermatheca short; primary spermaduct without enlargement; secondary spermaducts 35���38 long (Fig. 21 F). Distance between pseudanal setae, ps2:ps2 47���50, ps3:ps 3 21���25, ps2:ps 3 13���15. Legs I, II as male. Legs IV with distal margin of ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion ��1 of genu I slightly longer than this segment and situated at its midlevel. Solenidion �� of genu III in proximal half of this segment. Solenidion �� of tibia IV equal to corresponding tarsus. Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f, setae d of tarsi III, IV slightly shorter than corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: �� 1 I 30���35, �� III 15���18, �� III 52 ���55, �� IV 37 ���40. Differential diagnosis. The new species Nycteridocaulus myiobius sp. n. is close to N. guaratubensis Hernandes, 2014 from Phylloscartes kronei Willis and Oniki (Tyrannidae) in having short opisthosomal lobes with nearly rectangular terminal lamellae in males, and the lobar shield with a small median extension on the anterior margin in females. Nycteridocaulus myiobius differs from N. guaratubensis by the following features: in both sexes, the prodorsal and anterior hysteronotal shields are covered with numerous circular lacunae; in males, the antero-lateral and postero-mesal parts of the adanal shields are connected by a very thin commissure; in females, the hysteronotal shield is wider (120���130 ��m) and setae h3 are 75���85 ��m long, about 2/3 the length of the terminal appendages. In both sexes of N. guaratubensis, the prodorsal shield lacks ornamentation, the anterior hysteronotal shields bears minute and sparsely distributed circular lacunae; in males, the adanal shields are thick L-shaped; in females, the hysteronotal shield is 100���108 ��m wide and setae h3 are 66���72 ��m long, about �� the length of terminal appendages. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in apposition., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 41-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Proctophyllodes thraupis Atyeo and Braasch, 1966 Proctophyllodes thraupis Atyeo and Braasch 1966: 134, figs. 117, 118. Material examined. 6 males and 9 females (ZISP 6449–6463) from Tangara icterocephala (Bonaparte, 1851) (Thraupidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09°46'N, 83°47′W, 7 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek; 3 males and 5 females (ZISP 6523–6530), same collection data, except date, 8 August 2009. This species was previously recorded by Atyeo and Braasch (1966) from two species of tanagers (Thraupidae) in Mexico and Belize: Chlorophanes spiza (Linnaeus) from Belize and Mexico and Thraupis abbas (Deppe) (type host) from Mexico. These authors also reported this mite from Chlorospingus flavopectus ophthalmicus (Du Bus de Gisignies) (Emberizidae) from Mexico and from Euphonia affinis (Lesson), E. hirundinacea Bonaparte (mentioned as T. lauta Bangs and Penard), and E. musica (Gmelin, JF) (Fringillidae) from Belize and Mexico. Natural associations of Proctophyllodes thraupis with hosts other than thraupids look questionable. These findings could be the result of accidental contaminations, since Atyeo and Braasch collected most of their materials from dry museum skins. Besides, mite specimens found by these authors on euphonias could potentially represent another species, P. euphoniae or P. vesicularis, described above from Euphonia species., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. & Braasch, N. L. (1966). The feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Sarcoptiformes: Proctophyllodidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 5, 1 - 354."]}

Proctophyllodes euphoniae Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 49–51) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6287), 2 male and 9 female paratypes from Euphonia hirundinacea Bonaparte, 1838 (Fringillidae), COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, 10°46'N, 83°47′W, 19 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 1 male, 8 female paratypes (ZISP 6286–6296)—ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype— IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 2 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length× width, 225 (220–230) × 125 (120–135), length of hysterosoma 140 (140–150). Prodorsal shield: represented by alveoli, antero-lateral extensions rounded, lateral margins entire, posterior margin straight with two small tooth-like extensions, posterior angles roughly rounded, length 80 (78–82), width 97 (95–100), surface except central area with numerous circular and ovate lacunae, setae ve rudimentary (Fig. 49 A). Scapular setae se separated by 60 (58–62). Scapular shields narrow. Humeral shields well developed, fused with epimerites III, encompassing bases of setae cp. Setae c2 on antero-median angles of humeral shields. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate, 15 (13–15) × 4 (4–5). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin straight or slightly concave, anterior angles rounded, length 155 (150–155), width at anterior margin 100 (98–105), surface with numerous circular lacunae. Supranal concavity opened terminally, anterior end extending to midlevel between setae e1 and e2, length 53 (50–55). Posterior margin of opisthosoma between setae h2 almost straight. Terminal lamellae narrow, tongue-shaped, not overlapping, with pennate venation; length 55 (52–55), maximal width 18 (17–20). Distances between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 60 (55–62), d2: e2 57 (55–60), e2:h3 38 (35–43), d1:d2 30 (30–36), e1: e2 25 (25–30), h1:h3 15 (15–16), h2:h2 60 (58–60), h3:h3 38 (38–43), ps2:ps2 75 (73–75). Epimerites I fused into a narrow U, without lateral extensions. Setae 4b situated posterior to inner tips of epimerites IIIa. Epimerites IVa well developed, extending to and encompassing bases of setae 4a. Genital arch long and narrow, 25 (24–25) in length, 20 (18–20) in width, its base situated at midlevel of trochanters IV. Genital organ shaped as large hook (in exactly frontal position it looks sword-like, Fig. 51 A, B), curved rearward immediately from genital arch apex, 35 (35–40) in length, 4.5 (4.5–5) in width at base, extending to midlevel between arch tips and level of setae g; genital sheath abruptly narrowed at midlength of aedeagus, tapering apically, extending to apex of aedeagus (Fig. 49 B). Setae 4a at level of anterior one third of genital arch apex. Pregenital apodemes absent. Genital papillae on small longitudinal sclerites (rudimentary paragenital apodemes), not touching at bases. Opisthogastric shield roughly H-shaped, transverse bridge wide without incisions; anterior branches adjoining genital arch and with acute lateral extensions, lateral margins slightly convex with triangular extensions (slightly anterior to level of transverse bridge); posterior branches long attenuate, slightly curved medially, flanking anal field antero-laterally. Accessory sclerites shaped as apple seeds. Postanal sclerites present, C-shaped, encompassing adanal suckers postero-laterally. Setae g and ps3 filiform, their bases arranged in low trapezium, setae g on anterior margin of transverse bridge, setae ps3 on lateral parts of opisthogastric shield; distances between setae: g:g 10 (9–10), g:ps3 5 (4–5), ps3:ps3 37 (35–38). Distance from genital arch apex to setae ps1 97 (95–100). Adanal suckers cylindrical, inflated in medial part and slightly wider than diameter of corolla, 20 (19–20) in length, 14 (12.5–14) in width at base; corolla with 11–13 small denticles on anterior part, posterior part smooth. Femora I, II with narrow ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I shorter than genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment (Fig. 51 C, D). Solenidion σ III situated at midlevel of genu III or slightly closer to its distal margin. Tarsus IV 25 (25–28) long, button-like seta d situated at midlevel of this segment, button-like seta e with minute nipple (Fig. 51 E). Length of solenidia: σ1 I 8 (8–12), σ III 6 (6–8), φ IV 35 (30–35). FEMALE (range for 9 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 320–330 × 000–206, length of hysterosoma 215– 230. Prodorsal shield: shape and surface as in males, length 90–95, width 120–125. Scapular setae se separated by 70-75. Scapular shields narrow. Humeral shields fused with epimerites III, encompassing bases of setae cp. Setae c 2 in anterior angles of humeral shields. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate, 17–20 × 5–6.5. Lobar region of opisthosoma distinctly separated from remaining part of hysterosoma; hysteronotal shield split dorsally into anterior and lobar parts by narrow transverse furrow and remains connected ventro-laterally by sclerotized bands. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 180–190 in length and 115–120 in width, anterior margin straight, with lateral margins shallowly concave, posterior margin straight, with a pair of small tooth-like extension bearing setae h1, surface with numerous circular lacunae (Fig. 50 A). Lobar shield entire, 45–48 in length, 72–80 in width, anterior margin almost straight. Opisthosomal lobes short, at base wider than long; terminal cleft narrowly V-shaped, 27–30 in length. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, close to lobar apices. Setae h2 thickened in basal part, shorter than terminal appendages, 70-80 long; setae h3 32–37 long, about 1/4 the length of terminal appendages. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 70–75, d2:e2 85–90, e2:h2 55–58, h2:h 3 17–23, d1:d 2 30–35, e1: e2 37–40, h1:h 2 24–26, h2:ps 1 15–17, h1:h1 36–38, h2:h2 65–68. Epimerites I shaped as in males, with very thin connecting commissure. Epimerites IVa present, small. Epigynum semicircular, tips extending to level of anterior genital papillae, lateral extensions absent, length 30–35, greatest width 55–62. Genital papillae on small ovate plates (Fig. 50 B). Genital setae g anterior to level of setae 3a. Translobar apodemes wide, connected each other anterior to terminal cleft. Setae ps2 situated at level of posterior half of anal opening. Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 40–43, ps3:ps 3 15–17, ps2:ps 3 27–30. Flaps of anal opening not protruding into terminal cleft. Copulatory opening situated on small circular plate, covered with posterior ends of anal flaps. Head of spermatheca narrow cone-shaped; primary spermaduct without enlargements; secondary spermaducts extremely short, 1.5–2 long (Fig. 51 F). Legs I, II as in males. Solenidion σ III situated in basal half of segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level setae f2. Length of solenidia: σ1 I 12–15, σ III 10–12, φ III 35 –37, φ IV 20–25. Differential diagnosis. The new species Proctophyllodes euphoniae sp. n. belongs to the thraupis species group in having, in males, the genital arch narrow and the opisthogastric shield with a narrow anterior incision and claw-shaped posterior branches. Among the three species previously included in this group, the new species is most similar to P. thraupis Atyeo and Braasch, 1966 from Thraupis abbas (Deppe, 1830) (Thraupidae) from Mexico (Atyeo & Braasch 1966), in having numerous lacunae on the dorsal shields in both sexes and the aedeagus extending beyond the base of the genital arch in males. Proctophyllodes euphoniae differs from P. thraupis by the following features: in males, the lateral margins of the opisthogastric shield have large triangular extensions at the level of the transverse bridge, epimerites IVa extend to and encompass the bases of setae 4a, and the terminal lamellae are longer (52–55 µm); in females, macrosetae h2 are shorter that the terminal appendages, and setae h3 are about 1/3 the length of the terminal appendages. In males of P. thraupis, the lateral margins of the opisthogastric shield are convex and smooth, epimerites IVa do not extend to the bases of setae 4a, and the terminal lamellae are shorter (c. 42 µm); in females, macrosetae h2 are similar in length to the terminal appendages, and setae h3 are 1/2–3/4 the length of the terminal appendages. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in the genitive case.

Nycteridocaulus platyrinchi Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 28���30) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6316), 9 male and 14 female paratypes from Platyrinchus cancrominus Sclater, PL and Salvin, 1860 (Tyrannidae), COSTA RICA, Rinc��n de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10��46'N, 85��18'W, 800 m, 20 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 7 male, 12 female paratypes (ZISP 6317���6335)���ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype���UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-013), 1 male and 1 female paratype���IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 9 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length �� width, 285 (275��� 290) �� 140 (140���145), length of hysterosoma 180 (140���180). Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions acute, lateral margins entire, posterior margin slightly concave, 95 (95���105) in length and 105 (105���120) in width, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 28 A). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 62 (60���64). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 18 (18���20) �� 4 (4���5). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 40 (30���40). Hysteronotal shield: 175 (170���185) in length and 87 (85���90) in width; anterior margin strongly concave, surface without ornamentation. Opisthosoma slightly narrowed posteriorly, with slightly concave margins at level of setae ps2. Opisthosomal lobes as very short and wide convexities; terminal lamellae semicircular, with radial striation, 14 (14���16) in length and 23 (23���25) in width. Terminal cleft small, semicircular, not extending to level of setae h2, about 5 long, 15 (14���15) in width at level of setae ps1, occupied by narrow interlobar membrane. Supranal concavity present, opened posteriorly into terminal cleft. Setae h2 situated on semiovate lateral extensions of opisthosomal lobes; setae ps1 on postero-medial margins of lobes, slightly posterior to level of setae h3; setae h1 between levels of setae h3 and h2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 62 (57���62), d2:e2 72 (69���72), e2:h3 33 (33���41), h2:h2 63 (60���67), h3:h3 55 (52���58), ps2:ps2 60 (60���68), h1:h3 3 (3���7), d1:d2 24 (20���25), e1: e2 22 (22���25). Epimerites I free, close to each other, posterior tips slightly divergent; epimerites I, II with narrow sclerotized fields; epimerites IVa present (Fig. 28 B). Rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa absent. Trochanters III flanked by sclerotized band connecting bases of epimerites III and IIIa. Inner ends of epimerites IIIa with small triangular sclerotized areas. Genital apparatus situated at level of trochanters IV. Genital arch with distal ends of its branches strongly widened and directed laterally, 12 (12���15) in length and 37 (35���38) in width. Aedeagus stylet-like, 18 (18���20) in length, reaching level of setae g (Fig. 30 A). Genital papillae on large ovate plates anterolateral to genital arch. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae ps1 92 (90���95). Pregenital apodemes absent. Setae 4a on soft tegument, setae 4b on sclerotized areas of epimerites IIIa. Adanal suckers 13 (10���13) in diameter, corolla with 13��� 14 denticles. Adanal shields represented by two pairs of sclerites: anterolateral pair shaped as narrow sclerites transversely oriented, posteromedial shaped as large plates of irregular form with setae ps3 on anterior margins. Opisthoventral shields long and narrow, with anterior angle extending to level of setae ps3. Setae ps2 and f2 situated submarginally. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 10 (7���10), 4b:4a 22 (22���25), 4a:g 37 (35���40), g:g 10 (10���13), g:ps3 22 (20���22), ps3:ps3 23 (17���23), ps3:h3 47 (47���52). Femora I, II with ventral crest. Solenidion �� 1 I longer than genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment (Fig. 30 B, C). Solenidion �� of genu III situated at midlevel of this segment. Legs IV slightly thicker than legs III, with ambulacral discs extending beyond margins of terminal lamellae. Tarsus IV 33 (30���37) in length; apicoventral process spatuliform, with oblique distal margin with seta w at base; modified setae d and e button-like, both situated in distal half of this segment (Fig. 30 D, E). Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f; seta d of tarsus III shorter than corresponding seta f. Length of solenidia: �� 1 I 32 (30���28), �� III 17 (17���20), �� IV 35 (32���35). FEMALE (range for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma, length �� width, 370���390 �� 140���155, length of hysterosoma 255���275. Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions acute, lateral margins with lateral incisions extending to bases of setae se, surface without ornamentation, 85���95 in length and 95���100 in width. Setae se separated by 70���75. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 17���20 �� 4���5 in width. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 25���30. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 185���200 in length and 85���95 in width, anterior margin concave, posterior with short and widely rounded median extension (posterior margin slightly convex), surface without ornamentation (Fig. 29 A). Lobar region: 80���90 in length and 95���105 in width, lateral margins convex, with noticeable extensions bearing setae h2; lobar shield entire, its anterior margin medially convex. Terminal cleft narrow, almost parallel-sided, slightly enlarged in posterior quarter, 55���62 in length, 6���10 in width in anterior part. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 lanceolate in basal part and with filiform apex, 80���95 in length, 6���7 in width; setae h3 46���50 in length, approximately 1/3 of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h1 and f2 arranged in low trapezium. Setae ps1 on inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, close to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 79���75, d2:e2 95��� 105, e2:h 2 30���35, h2:h3 46���52, h1:h 2 17���20, d1:d 2 22���32, e1: e2 35���45, h1:h 1 30���32, h2:h2 80���90, h2:ps 1 30��� 38. Epimerites I, II as in male, without surface fields. Epimerites IVa large, with long and heavily sclerotized posterior extension (Fig. 29 B). Epigynum horseshoe-shaped, thin, with acute tips extending to level of genital papillae, 45���50 in length, 58���60 in width. Genital papillae of each side on small ovate plate. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated near anterior end of terminal cleft. Head of spermatheca cone-shaped; proximal half of primary spermaduct monotonously enlarged to head of spermatheca; secondary spermaducts 50���52 long (Fig. 30 F). Distance between pseudanal setae, ps2:ps2 42���50, ps3:ps 3 17���24, ps2:ps 3 10���13. Legs I, II as in male. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion ��1 of genu I slightly longer than this segment and situated slightly closer to its base. Solenidion �� of genu III in proximal half of this segment. Solenidion �� of tibia IV approximately half the length of corresponding tarsus. Setae d of tarsi II���IV longer than corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: �� 1 I 32���35, �� III 22���25, �� III 38 ���50, �� IV 18���23. Differential diagnosis. Among previously described species, Nycteridocaulus platyrinchi sp. n. is most similar to N. lamellus in having very short opisthosomal lobes and semicircular terminal lamellae with radial striation in males, and the prodorsal shield with deep lateral incisions in females. Nycteridocaulus platyrinchi differs from N. lamellus by the following features: in males, the adanal shields are represented by two pairs of sclerites (small anterolateral and large posteromedial pairs), the bases of setae h2 are situated on semi-ovate lateral extensions of opisthosomal lobes, setae ps2 and f2 are situated submarginally; setae ps3 are situated on the anterior margins of the posteromedial adanal sclerites, setae h1 are situated between the transverse levels of setae h2 and h3, and epimerites IVa are present; in females, the lobar region is slightly wider than long (1.1���1.2 times), the terminal cleft is narrow (4���5 times longer than wide) and setae h2 are shorter than the terminal appendages. In males of N. lamellus, the adanal shields are represented by one pair of roughly triangular sclerites, the bases of setae h2 are situated on the slightly convex lateral margins of the opisthosomal lobes, setae ps2 and f2 are situated marginally; setae ps3 are situated off the adanal shields, setae h1 are situated far anterior to the levels of setae h2, and epimerites IVa are absent; in females, the lobar region is 2 times wider than long, and the terminal cleft is U-shaped (slightly wider than long), and setae h2 are whip-shaped, distinctly longer than the terminal appendages. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in the genitive case., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 53-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Platyacarus dendrocolapti Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 4���6) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6556), 11 male and 8 female paratypes from Dendrocolaptes picumnus Lichtenstein, MHK, 1820 (Furnariidae), COSTA RICA, Tapant�� National Park, Sector Tapant��, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09��46���N, 83��47���W, 9 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 9 male, 6 female paratypes (ZISP 6557���6571),���ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype��� UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-007), 1 male and 1 female paratype���IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length �� width, 335 (225��� 335) �� 145 (140���150), length of hysterosoma 215 (210���220). Prodorsal shield: entire, antero-lateral extensions rounded, lateral margins with narrow incisions extending to bases of setae se, posterior margin with blunt-angular median extension, 115 (110���115) in length, 87 (85���90) in width, surface uniformly sclerotized, without ornamentation (Fig. 4 A). Bases of scapular setae se separated by 47 (45���50). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 24 (23���25) �� 6 (6���7). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 15 (10���15). Hysteronotal shield: 205 (190���205) in length and 87 (80���90) in width; anterior margin slightly concave, surface without ornamentation. Setae c1 on hysteronotal shield. Supranal concavity well expressed, length from anterior end to anterior margin of terminal cleft 27 (27���38). Opisthosomal lobes poorly developed, as a pair of short and rounded convexities between bases of setae h2. Terminal cleft small triangular, 14 (12���15) long. Terminal lamellae tongue-shaped, short, with fine dorsal punctation, 16 (15���17) in length (from lobar apices to distal margins), 13 (13���15) in wide at base, distance between inner margins of lamellae 4 (3���5). Setae f2 absent. Setae ps1 on inner margin of opisthosomal lobes, at level of setae h2. Setae h1 approximately at midlevel of supranal concavity. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 72 (65���75), d2:e2 87 (85���90), e2:h3 50 (45���50), h2:h2 62 (57���65), h3:h3 44 (40���45), ps2:ps2 70 (65���70), h1:h3 30 (27���32), ps1:h3 5 (3���5), d1:d2 25 (22���28), e1:e2 30 (30���34). Epimerites I fused into a narrow V, with posterior parts of these epimerites very close to each other; epimerites I, II without surface fields (Fig. 4 B). Epimerites IVa small. Rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa present. Bases of epimerites I, II not inflated. Genital arch low, 10 (7���10) long and 20 (20���24) wide, its apex at level of posterior margin of trochanters IV; genital organ stylet-like, 18 (14���18) long, not reaching level of setae g (Fig. 6 A). Distance from genital arch apex to level of setae h3 102 (95���105). Bases of genital papillae connected, situated at level of genital arch apex. Paragenital apodemes represented by a pair of very thin longitudinal sclerites lateral to genital arch. Antero-lateral pieces of adanal shields present, reniform or seed-shaped; postero-medial pieces of adanal shields flanking anal opening and bearing setae ps3. Adanal suckers cup-shaped, 14 (12���14) in apical diameter; corolla with 9 truncate denticles, those on anterior margin of corolla slightly larger than on posterior one. Setae 4b posterior to level of setae 3a. Distance between ventral setae: 4b:3a 8 (8���10), 4b:4a 43 (40���44), 4a:g 40 (35���40), g:ps3 30 (27���30), g:g 18 (18���20), ps3:ps3 13 (12���14), ps3:h3 50 (47���50). Femora I, II with narrow ventral crest. Solenidion ��1 of genu I half as long as this segment and situated at its midlevel (Fig. 6 B, C). Solenidion �� of genu III situated at midlevel of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of terminal lamellae. Tarsus IV 28 (27���30) long, without apical or dorsal processes; button-like seta d situated in basal half of this segment (Fig. 6 D). Solenidion �� of tibia IV extending beyond apex of this segment. Length of solenidia: �� 1 I 15 (13���15), �� III 13 (12���14), �� IV 32 (32���38). FEMALE (range for 8 paratypes). Idiosoma, length �� width, 540���555 �� 185���200, length of hysterosoma 390��� 410. Prodorsal shield: entire, anterolateral extensions rounded, lateral margins without incisions, posterior margin with widely rounded short median extension, 140���145 long and 135���145 wide, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 5 A). Bases of setae se separated by 75���80. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 25���30 �� 7���8. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 10���15. Hysteronotal shields completely split into anterior and lobar shields. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 280���285 in length and 120���130 in width at anterior margin, 145���155 in wide in posterior part, anterior margin straight, posterior margin with very short and wide median extension and a pair of shallow concavities, surface without ornamentation. Setae c1 on anterior hysteronotal shield. Lobar shield: 120���125 in length and 120���125 in width. Opisthosomal lobes 2 times longer than wide at base. Terminal cleft hourglass-shaped, with lateral margins slightly convex, 85���90 in length, 25���35 in width at midlevel. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 with spindle-like basal enlargement and with filiform apical part, 110���120 in length, 7���8 in width; setae h 3 28���35 in length, about 1/4���1/3 of terminal appendages. Setae f2 absent. Setae h1 inserted on soft tegument between the anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, closer to lobar apices than to level of setae h2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 95��� 100, d2:e2 100���110, e2:h2 48���53, h2:h3 70���75, h1:h2 35���38, d1:d2 40���52, e1:e2 65���80, h1:h1 55���65, h2:h2 110���115, h2:ps1 42���45. Epimerites I with posterior tips connected by very thin commissure (in some specimens this commissure absent); epimerites I���II without sclerotized fields (Fig. 5 B). Epimerites IVa absent. Epigynum semicircular, thick, with bidentate tips extending to level of setae g, 47���50 in length, 72���80 in width, without lateral extensions. Genital papillae connected at bases. Setae ps2 approximately at level of posterior half of anal opening. Translobar apodemes fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening situated ventrally, near anterior margin of translobar apodemes and covered with posterior ends of anal flaps. Head of spermatheca short, cone-shaped; primary spermaduct thin, without noticeable enlargement near head of spermatheca; secondary spermaducts about 5 long (Fig. 6 E). Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 60���62, ps3:ps 3 20���23, ps2:ps 3 26���28. Legs I, II as in male. Solenidion �� of genu III situated in basal part of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of contraction separating lobar region. Solenidion �� of tibia IV half as long as corresponding tarsus. Length of solenidia: ��1 I 20���22, �� III 11���14, �� III 30���34, �� IV 18���23. Differential diagnosis. As with the previous species, Platyacarus dendrocolapti sp. n., belongs to the oligolaccius species group and is most similar to P. sittasomi and P. dendrocinclae in having the male idiosoma distinctly elongated (length/width ratio about 2.2���2.5) and the terminal lamellae tongue-shaped. Platyacarus dendrocolapti differs from P. sittasomi and P. dendrocinclae by the following features: in males, the genital organ is much shorter (14���18 ��m) and does not extend to the level of genital setae g; in females, the median extension on the posterior margin of the prodorsal shield is widely rounded and setae h3 are about 1/4���1/3 the length of the terminal appendages. In males of P. dendrocinclae and P. sittasomi, the genital organ is longer than 35 ��m and extends distinctly beyond the level of setae g; in females, the median extension on the posterior margin of the prodorsal shield is blunt-angular and setae h3 are about 1/5 the length of the terminal appendages. Additionally, males of P. dendrocolapti differ from those P. sittasomi in having the antero-lateral pieces of the adanal shields reniform or ovate (vs. narrow, bow-shaped in P. sittasomi) and the presence of paragenital apodemes (vs. absence); and females are distinguished by the lack of lacunae on the hysteronotal shield (vs. presence). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in the genitive case., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 13-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Genus Anisophyllodes Atyeo, 1967 Type species: Anisophyllodes pipromorphae Atyeo, 1967, by original designation. Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Moderately elongated proctophyllodines. Prodorsal shield entire, covering nearly entire prodorsum, with extending antero-lateral extensions, and with posterior angles rounded or acute. Vertical setae vi rudimentary, represented by alveoli. Scapular setae si and se situated on prodorsal shield and arranged in transverse line. Humeral shields well developed dorsally, encompassing bases of setae cp, setae c2 on or off these shields. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate. Epimerites I free, bow-shaped, with posterior ends slightly divergent. Full set of hysterosomal setae occurring in proctophyllodines present. Solenidion ��1 of genu I slightly longer than solenidion ��3 of tarsus I. Tarsi I, II with 3 ventral setae, seta wa anterior to or at the same level with setae la and ra on these tarsi. Segments of legs I and II without processes or other modifications. MALE. Hysteronotal shield covering almost all hysterosoma. Opisthosoma attenuate posteriorly. Opisthosomal lobes short, rounded or truncate, separated by narrow terminal cleft, posterior margin of lobes with semi-circular terminal lamellae, striated or punctated dorsally (heteromorph males); or triangular, with bluntangular terminal cleft, without terminal lamellae (homeomorph males). Supranal concavity well expressed, narrow. Setae h3 shorter than macrosetae h2. Setae h1 close to transverse level of setae ps2. Coxal fields I���IV open, without extensive sclerotized areas. Genital organ at level of trochanters IV; genital arch of moderate size, wider than long, aedeagus in sheath longer than genital arch. Adanal shields present, variable in form, situated anterolateral to adanal suckers and setae ps3, not connected each other anterior to anal opening. Genital papillae situated at level of genital arch apex, surrounded by ovate plates or these plates absent. Pregenital apodemes present, situated between epimerites IIIa and genital apparatus, fused to each other or free. Adanal apodemes absent. Opisthoventral shields not developed. Adanal suckers cylindrical, corolla dentate or edentate. Legs IV slightly thicker than legs III. Tarsus IV with bidentate or with simple apical claw-like process, with or without ventral extension at base of seta w, modified setae d and e button-like. FEMALE. Lobar region of opisthosoma clearly separated from remaining part of hysterosoma, opisthosomal lobes well developed, with terminal appendages. Anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields separated by narrow band of striated tegument. Lobar shield entire. Supranal concavity absent. Macrosetae h2 thickened basally, with filiform apex. Epigynum large, semicircular or horseshoe-shaped, free from epimerites IIIa or fused with them (A. pipromorphae); if fused, traces of fusion clearly distinct. Translobar apodemes present, fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft or free. Copulatory opening subterminal, near anterior margin of fused translobar apodemes. Legs III and IV subequal in size; segments without modifications; solenidion �� of tibia IV equal to or slightly longer than �� of tibia III. Hosts: Tyrannidae. Remarks. The genus currently included four species associated with Tyrannidae (Atyeo 1967a, 1969; Hernandes et al. 2007; Mironov & Gonz��lez-Acu��a 2009). Atyeo (1967a) originally erected the genus Anisophyllodes based on a single species, Anisophyllodes pipromorphae Atyeo, 1967, which was described only from males. Establishing the genus, this author erroneously indicated that idiosomal setae e1 are absent in A. pipromorphae, and this feature was included in the diagnosis of the genus. Actually these setae in A. pipromorphae are present but are very close to the strongly sclerotized lateral margins of the hysteronotal shield, and for this reason they were simply missed. In all subsequently described species these setae are clearly visible (Atyeo 1969; Mironov & Gonz��lez-Acu��a 2009). Below we describe one new species, describe for the first time a female of A. pipromorphae and provide a new key to species. Anisophyllodes pipromorphae is a unique species in the genus Anisophyllodes in having two uncommon features. First, this species exhibits male dimorphism (hetero- and homeomorphs), which is quite rare within the subfamily Proctophyllodinae. Second, females of A. pipromorphae are unique among proctophyllodines because they have the epigynum fused with epimerites IIIa, as it is in all representatives of the subfamily Pterodectinae., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. (1967 a) Two new feather mite genera with polymorphic males (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 40, 465 - 471.","Atyeo, W. T. (1969) Redescription of Anisophyllodes intermedius (Trouessart and Neumann), 1888, new combination (Acarina: Proctophyllodidae). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 4, 153 - 155.","Hernandes, F. A., Valim, M. P. & Mironov, S. V. (2007) Four new species and one new genus of the feather mite subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae) from Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 41, 2653 - 2681. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701644718","Mironov, S. V. & Gonzalez-Acuna, D. A. (2009) Two new species of the feather mite subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from suboscine birds (Aves: Passeriformes) in Chile. Acarina, 17, 189 - 199."]}

Proctophyllodes parkesiae Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 58 –60) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6251), 6 male and 8 female paratypes from Parkesia motacilla (Vieillot, 1809) (Parulidae), COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10°46’N, 85°18’N, 16 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depositories. Holotype, 4 male, 8 female paratypes (ZISP 6252–6258)—ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-011), 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Diagnosis. MALE (holotype, range for 6 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 200 (195–215) × 115 (115–125), length of hysterosoma 130 (130–135). Prodorsal shield: setae vi absent, antero-lateral extensions acute, lateral margins entire, posterior margin almost straight, posterior angles rounded, length 67 (62–68), width 67 (63–69), surface without ornamentation (Fig. 58 A). Scapular setae se separated by 45 (43–46). Scapular shields narrow. Humeral shields well developed, not fused with epimerites III, encompassing bases of setae cp. Setae c2 on antero-medial angle of humeral shields. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate, 14 (12–15) × 2.5 (2.5–3). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin concave, anterior angles acute, length 130 (130–135), width at anterior margin 72 (67–73), surface without ornamentation. Supranal concavity opened terminally, anterior end slightly extending beyond level of setae h1, length 27 (25–30). Posterior margin of opisthosoma between setae h2 slightly concave. Terminal lamellae ovate, not overlapping, with pennate venation, length 32 (27–33), maximal width 20 (20–25), distance between bases 6 (6–7). Distances between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 50 (50–54), d2: e2 52 (52–55), e2:h3 25 (25– 30), d1:d2 22 (20–25), e1: e2 15 (15–20), h1:h2 15 (15–22), h2:h2 45 (45–50), h3:h3 30 (30–35), ps2:ps2 52 (52– 60). Epimerites I fused into a narrow U, without lateral extensions. Setae 4b situated slightly posterior to inner tips of epimerites IIIa. Epimerites IVa well developed, not extending to level of setae 4a. Genital arch of moderate size, 18 (17–19) long, 26 (25–28) wide, its base situated at midlevel of trochanters IV. Genital organ (aedeagus wrapped by genital sheath) stylet-shaped, slightly curved, directed backward immediately from genital arch apex, almost extending to level of setae g, 25 (25–27) in length; genital sheath thin, tapering apically, and almost extending to apex of aedeagus (Figs. 58 B, 60A, B). Setae 4a slightly anterior to level of genital arch apex. Paragenital and pregenital apodemes absent, genital papillae not connected. Opisthogastric shield represented by a pair of longitudinal plates with strongly uneven margins; anterior ends joined to genital arch with small lateral extensions; posterior ends narrowed and flanking anal field antero-laterally; length of sclerites 37 (30–38), distance between outer margins 32 (30–32). Accessory sclerites and postanal sclerites absent. Setae g and ps3 slightly thickened basally, their bases arranged in a rectangle and both situated on opisthogastric shield; distances between these setae: g:g 15 (12–15), g:ps3 12 (12–14), ps3:ps3 18(18–20). Distance from genital arch apex to setae ps1 75 (75– 78). Adanal suckers short cylindrical, 12 (12–14) long, 10 (10–11) wide (in apical part), corolla with 15–16 small and rounded denticles. Femora I, II with narrow ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I longer than genu I and situated close to base of this segment. Solenidion σ III situated in basal half of genu III (Fig. 60C, D). Tarsus IV 22 (22–25) long; button-like seta d situated in basal third of this segment and about 1.5 times wider than button-like seta e (Fig. 60E). Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 27 (27–33), σ III 13 (12–16), φ IV 30 (30–37). FEMALE (range for 8 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 310–335 × 125–135, length of hysterosoma 205– 220. Prodorsal shield: shape and surface as in males, posterior margin straight or slightly concave, length 77–87, width 87–100. Scapular setae se separated by 62–72. Scapular shields narrow. Humeral shields not fused with epimerites III, touching bases of setae cp. Setae c2 on antero-medial angles of humeral shields or off these shields. Subhumeral setae c3 narrowly lanceolate, 20–22 × 4.5–5. Lobar region of opisthosoma distinctly separated from remaining part of hysterosoma; hysteronotal shield split dorsally into anterior and lobar parts by narrow transverse furrow, but remains connected ventro-laterally by narrow sclerotized bands. Anterior hysteronotal shield roughly rectangular, with anterior margin concave, with posterior margin straight, surface without ornamentation, greatest length 155–170, width at anterior margin 82–88 (Fig. 59 A). Lobar shield entire, 52–55 long, 72–77 wide, anterior margin concave. Opisthosomal lobes slightly longer than wide at base (1.2–1.3); terminal cleft almost rectangular, 28–33 in length, 15–17 in width. Setae h1 on soft tegument between anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, closer to level of setae h3 than h2. Setae h2 strongly thickened in basal part, subequal in length to terminal appendages, 70–80 long; setae h3 55–62 long, about 1/2 the length of terminal appendages. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 75–80, d2:e2 77–90, e2:h2 35–40, h2:h 3 27–30, d1:d2 35–37, e1: e 2 30–42, h1:h 2 16–18, h2:ps 1 17–20, h1:h 1 15–20, h2:h2 65–68. Epimerites I shaped as in males. Epimerites IVa small. Epigynum almost semicircular, with tips not extending to level of genital papillae, with lateral extensions short and poorly sclerotized, length 32–35, greatest width 60–64 (Fig. 59 B). Bases of genital papillae not connected. Genital setae g anterior to level of setae 3a. Translobar apodemes connected each other anterior to terminal cleft. Setae ps2 situated approximately at midlevel of anal opening; distance between setae: ps2:ps2 32–33, ps2:ps 3 12–15, ps3:ps 3 17–18. Flaps of anal opening not protruding into terminal cleft. Copulatory opening situated at anterior margin of fused translobar apodemes and covered with posterior ends of anal flaps. Head of spermatheca small cone-like, with two small bead-like enlargements, primary spermaduct without enlargements, secondary spermaducts short, 2–3 long (Fig. 60F). Legs I, II as in males. Solenidion σ III situated in basal half of genu III. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h3. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 32–35, σ III 20–22, φ III 40 –42, φ IV 32 –35. Differential diagnosis. The new species, Proctophyllodes parkesiae sp. n., belongs to the quadratus species group in having setae g and ps3 arranged in a rectangle in males. Within this group, P. parkesiae is most similar to P. trisetosus Atyeo and Braasch, 1966, described from Sturnella magna (Linnaeus) (Icteridae) in the USA (Atyeo & Braasch 1966) in having the pieces of the opisthogastric shield completely separated and the aedeagus extending to the level of setae g in males. The new species differs from P. trisetosus by the following features: in males of P. parkesiae, the terminal lamellae are shorter and wider (27–33 × 20–25 µm), the corolla of the anal discs with 15– 16 denticles, the anterolateral extensions of the opisthogastric shields are short, poorly distinct; in females, macrosetae h2 are subequal in length to the terminal appendages, setae h3 are slightly longer than 1/2 the length of the terminal appendages, and the terminal cleft is rectangular and longer than wide. In males of P. trisetosus, the terminal lamellae are larger (c. 43 × 28 µm), the corolla of anal discs has 18 denticles, the anterolateral extensions of the opisthogastric shields are long; in females, macrosetae h2 are nearly 1.5 times longer than the terminal appendages, setae h3 are about 1/4 the length of the terminal appendages, and the terminal cleft is trapezoidal and wider than long. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host and is a noun in the genitive case., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 98-101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. & Braasch, N. L. (1966). The feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Sarcoptiformes: Proctophyllodidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 5, 1 - 354."]}

Atrichophyllodes latilobus Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 43–45) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6340), 3 male and 2 female paratypes from Hylophylax naevioides (Lafresnaye, 1847) (Thamnophilidae), COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10°46'N, 85°18'W, 20 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depositories. Holotype, 2 male and 1 female paratypes (ZISP 6341–6343)—ZISP, 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 3 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 325 (315– 325) × 195 (185–195), length of hysterosoma 210 (200–210). Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions acute, lateral margins entire, posterior margin with small median extension and two wide shallow concavities, 100 (90– 100) in length, 135 (125–135) in width, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 43 A). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 87 (80–88). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shield. Setae c3 lanceolate, 27 (25–28) × 6.5 (6–7). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 25 (20–25). Hysteronotal shield: 200 (190–200) in length and 130 (120–135) in width; anterior margin almost straight, anterior angles acute, surface with small circular lacunae in central part. Opisthosomal lobes short and wide, slightly shorter than wide at base, posterior margins semicircular. Terminal lamellae with rounded free margin, greatest length 10 (10–13), surface without striation. Terminal cleft roughly triangular, with rounded anterior end, length of cleft from anterior end to bases of terminal lamellae 47 (45–50). Supranal concavity about 25 long, opened posteriorly into terminal cleft. Setae h3 filiform situated in postero-lateral margins of opisthosomal lobes; setae ps1 minute, situated on lateral margins of terminal cleft, approximately at level of setae h3; setae h1 at level of anterior end of supranal concavity. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:e2 110 (105–115), e2:h3 82 (80–85), h2:h2 87 (83–90), h3:h3 77 (75–80), ps2:ps2 95 (90–98), h1:h3 47 (45–50). Epimerites I free, well separated, with posterior tips slightly divergent. Epimerites Ia with small semi-rounded lateral extension (Fig. 43 B). Epimerites I, II with narrow sclerotized fields. Bases of trochanters I–III flanked by narrow sclerotized bands connecting corresponding epimerites. Epimerites IVa absent. Rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa absent. Genital arch short, 13 (12–14) in length and 45 (40–45) in width; branches of arch with blunt-angular bent. Aedeagus stylet-like, 20 (20–22) in length, not reaching level of setae g (Fig. 45 A). Genital papillae on small oval plates at level of genital arch apex. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae h3 115 (115–120). Pregenital apodemes absent. Setae 4b on inner tips of epimerites IIIa, setae 4a on soft tegument near them. Adanal suckers 15 (14–15) in diameter, corolla with 11–12 denticles. Adanal shields roughly L-shaped, connected each other by narrow transverse bridge anterior to anal opening, posterior parts more strongly sclerotized than anterior ones. Setae ps3 on transverse branches of adanal shields. Distance between ventral setae: 4b:3a 10 (10–12), 4b:4a 27 (24–28), 4a:g 35 (32–35), g:g 25 (24–26), g:ps3 33 (30–34), ps3:ps3 25 (23–25), ps3:h3 60 (58–60). Femora I, II with narrow ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I about 1.3–1.4 times longer than genu I, situated at midlevel of this segment. Solenidion σ of genu III situated at midlevel of segment (Fig. 45 B–D). Legs III and IV subequal in size; legs IV with ambulacral disc almost extending to level of lobar apices. Tarsus IV 23 (22–24) in length, without apical process; modified setae d and e button-like, seta e approximately 2 times wider than seta d (Fig. 45 E). Setae d and f of tarsus II subequal, seta d of tarsus III much shorter than corresponding seta f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 30 (28–30), σ III 20 (20–23), φ IV 25 (25–27). FEMALE (range for 2 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 410–415 × 210–215. Prodorsal shield: shaped as in male, anterolateral angles fused with bases of epimerites Ia, 115–120 in length and 160–165 in width. Setae ve rudimentary. Setae se separated by 105–110. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields; setae c3 lanceolate, 26–28 × 6– 6.5. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 30. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 190–195 in length and 160–165 in width, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin with short median extension, median area with small poorly distinct lacunae (Fig. 44 A). Lobar region: 97–100 in length and 165–170 in width, lateral margins with strong semiovate extensions bearing setae h2; lobar shield split into three fragments: a pair of large sclerites covering opisthosomal lobes and a small oval sclerite situated between their anterior ends. Terminal cleft almost rectangular, 55–60 in length and 27–29 in width. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 thickened in basal part, 140–150 in length, 6–6.5 in width; setae h3 55–60 in length, about 1/2 of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between the anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement Setae ps1 situated slightly posterior to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:e2 140– 145, e2:h2 87–90, h2:h 3 28–30, h1:h2 56–58, h2:ps 1 26–28, h1:h1 37–38, h2:h2 140–145. Epimerites I, II as in male, with narrow sclerotized fields. Epimerites IVa large. Bases of trochanters I–IV flanked by narrow sclerotized bands connecting corresponding epimerites. Epigynum thick semicircular, with small lateral extensions, 45–48 in length, 78–80 in width, tips almost extending to level of genital papillae (Fig. 44 B). Both genital papillae of each side and corresponding setae g on small longitudinal plate. Translobar apodemes wide, not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated near anterior end of terminal cleft. Head of spermatheca short cylindrical, primary spermaduct without enlargements, secondary spermaducts 35–40 in length (Fig. 45 F). Setae ps2 at middle level of the anal opening. Distance between pseudanal setae, ps2:ps2 56–58, ps3:ps 3 24–25, ps2:ps 3 10–11. Legs I, II as in male. Solenidion σ of genu III situated closer to base of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion φ of tibia IV slightly shorter than corresponding tarsus. Setae d of tarsus II slightly longer than corresponding seta f, setae d of tarsi III, IV shorter than corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 31–33, σ III 22–24, φ III 54 –56, φ IV 22–24. Differential diagnosis. The new species Atrichophyllodes latilobus sp. n. is most similar to A. mentalis Hernandes, Valim and Mironov, 2007, described from Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck) (Thamnophilidae) from Brazil (Hernandes et al. 2007), by the absence of rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa in males, and in having strong lateral extensions of the opisthosomal lobes bearing setae h 2 in females. Atrichophyllodes latilobus sp. n differs from A. mentalis by the following features. In males, the aedeagus does not extend to the level of setae g, the genital papillae are situated on small ovate plates, the apical button-like seta e of tarsus IV is nearly two times larger than proximal button-like seta d; in females, the greatest width of lobar region is twice as wide as the base of the lobar region; the lobar shield is split into three pieces (two large lateral pieces covering lobes and a small median fragment), and setae ps1 are situated at the level of setae h3. In males of A. mentalis, the aedeagus extends to the level of setae g, the genital papillae are situated on the soft tegument and joined at their bases, the proximal button like seta d of tarsus IV is nearly two times larger than apical button-like seta e; in females, the greatest width of the lobar region is 1.2-1.5 times that of the base, the lobar shield is entire, and setae ps1 are distinctly anterior to the level of setae h3. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to uncommonly wide opisthosomal lobes in females.

Proctophyllodes arremoni Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 46–48) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6424), 5 male and 6 female paratypes from Arremon brunneinucha (Lafresnaye, 1839) (Emberizidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09°46'N, 83°47′W, 3 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depositories. Holotype, 3 male and 4 female paratypes (ZISP 6 425–6431)—ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-004), 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 5 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 245 (235– 245) × 125 (115–125), length of hysterosoma 150 (150–155). Prodorsal shield: antero-lateral extensions long and rounded terminally, lateral margins entire, posterior margin nearly straight with small median extension, posterior angles roughly rounded, length 80 (75–80), width 98 (90–98), surface with numerous circular lacunae, setae ve rudimentary (Fig. 46 A). Scapular setae se separated by 52 (50–55). Scapular shields narrow. Humeral shields well developed, fused with epimerites III, encompassing bases of setae cp. Setae c2 on antero-median angles of humeral shields. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate, 16 (15–16) × 4 (4–4.5). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin straight or slightly concave, anterior angles almost right-angular, length 155 (145–155), width at anterior margin 90 (85–90), surface with numerous circular lacunae. Supranal concavity closed terminally, anterior end extending slightly beyond level of setae e2, length 37 (35–40). Posterior margin of opisthosoma between setae h2 slightly sinuous. Terminal lamellae wide, cordiform, not overlapping, with pennate venation; length 45 (43–45), maximum width 29 (25–30). Distances between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 58 (52–58), d2:e2 60 (55–60), e2:h3 33 (30–33), d1:d2 25 (18–25), e1: e2 30 (28–30), h1:h3 18 (17–18), h2:h2 58 (55–59), h3:h3 40 (36–40), ps2: ps2 65 (62–65). Epimerites I fused into a narrow U, without lateral extensions. Setae 4b situated posterior to inner tips of epimerites IIIa. Epimerites IVa developed, small, not extending to setae 4a. Genital arch of moderate size, narrow, 23 (21–23) in length, 20 (18–20) in width, its base situated at midlevel of trochanters IV. Genital organ: aedeagus sword-shaped, turned rearward immediately from genital arch apex, extending slightly beyond level of setae ps3, 46 (44–46) in length; genital sheath relatively wide, tapering distally, not extending to tip of aedeagus (Fig. 46 B, 48A). Setae 4a at level of genital arch apex. Paragenital and pregenital apodemes absent. Genital papillae not connected. Opisthogastric shield roughly H-shaped, anterior margin shaped as blunt-angular concavity; anterior branches adjoining to genital arch and without lateral extensions, posterior margin of transverse bridge with shallow incision between bases of setae g; lateral margins almost straight and slightly divergent posteriorly, flanking anal field antero-laterally; inner margins of each piece of opisthogastric shield with incisions between bases of setae g and ps3; greatest length 42 (40–45), greatest width (posteriorly) 35 (35–38). Accessory sclerites rudimentary. Postanal sclerites small triangular. Setae g and ps3 filiform, their bases arranged in moderate trapezium, setae g on anterior margin of transverse bridge, setae ps3 on lateral parts of opisthogastric shield; distances between these setae: g:g 9 (8–9), g:ps3 10 (8–10), ps3:ps3 19 (18–20). Distance from genital arch apex to setae ps1 93 (90–95). Adanal suckers cylindrical, with obliquely cut base, with apical part slightly inflated and slightly wider than diameter of corolla, 18 (17–17) in length, 8 (7–9) in greatest width (at apex); corolla with radial striae in posterior part, anterior part smooth. Femora I, II with ventral crests. Solenidion σ 1 I shorter than genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment or slightly closer to its base (Fig. 48 B, C). Solenidion σ III situated in distal part of genu III. Tarsus IV 23 (22–23) long, button-like seta d twice as wide as button-like seta e and situated closer to base of this segment, seta e with minute nipple (Fig. 48 D). Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 13 (11–13), σ III 9 (8–9), φ IV 33 (30–33). FEMALE (range for 6 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 350–365 × 140–150, hysterosoma length 240– 250. Prodorsal shield: antero-lateral extensions rounded, lateral margins entire, posterior margin straight with small median extensions, posterior angles roughly rounded, length 88–92, width 105–110, surface with numerous large circular lacunae, setae ve rudimentary (Fig. 47 A). Scapular setae se separated by 65–70. Scapular shields narrow. Humeral shields fused with epimerites III, encompassing bases of setae cp. Setae c2 on antero-median angles of humeral shields. Subhumeral setae c3 narrowly lanceolate, 20–22 × 6–7. Lobar region of opisthosoma distinctly separated from remaining part of hysterosoma, hysteronotal shield split dorsally into anterior and lobar parts by narrow transverse furrow but remains connected ventro-laterally by sclerotized bands. Anterior hysteronotal shield roughly rectangular, anterior margin straight, lateral margins with rough tubercles in posterior third, posterior margin with wide and short median extension, surface with numerous circular lacunae, length 205–215, width at anterior margin 100–105. Lobar shield entire, 50–55 in length, 85–90 in width, anterior margin concave. Opisthosomal lobes relatively short, length similar to their width at base; terminal cleft narrow U-shaped, 30–40 in length, 8–12 in width. Setae h1 situated on posterior margin of anterior hysteronotal shield. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, closer to lobar apices than to setae h2. Setae h2 enlarged in basal part, similar to or slightly longer than terminal appendages, 70–80 long; setae h3 50–55 long, half the length of terminal appendages. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 70–75, d2:e2 100–105, e2:h2 35–38, h2:h 3 30–35, d1:d 2 25–28, e1: e2 40– 43, h1:h 2 15–17, h2:ps 1 20–21, h1:h 1 22-30, h2:h2 68–70. Epimerites I fused into a V or their posterior tips not connected (Fig. 47 B). Epimerites IVa present, small. Epigynum semicircular, tips extending to level of anterior genital papillae, lateral extensions present, poorly sclerotized, length 32–35, greatest width 55–60. Genital papillae not connected at bases. Genital setae g anterior to level of setae 3a. Translobar apodemes wide, connected each other anterior to terminal cleft. Setae ps2 situated at midlevel of anal opening or slightly posterior; distance between setae: ps2:ps2 42–43, ps2:ps 3 15–16, ps3:ps 3 16– 19. Flaps of anal opening not protruding into terminal cleft. Copulatory opening on small circular plate, covered with posterior ends of anal opening flaps. Head of spermatheca small cone-shaped, poorly sclerotized; proximal part of primary spermaduct monotonously enlarging to head of spermatheca, distal part of primary spermaduct near copulatory opening with small ovate enlargement about 4–5 in transverse diameter; secondary spermaducts extremely short, 2–3 long (Fig. 48 E). Legs I, II as in males. Solenidion σ III situated in basal half of segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of contraction separating lobar region. Length of solenidia: σ1 I 13–15, σ III 7–8, φ III 30–33, φ IV 18–20. Differential diagnosis. The new species, Proctophyllodes arremoni sp. n., belongs to the weigoldi group, characterized by the male genital organ extending to the level of setae ps3 or slightly beyond it. The new species is most similar to P. habiae Atyeo and Braasch, 1966, described from Habia rubica (Vieillot) (Cardinalidae), in having, in males, the cordiform terminal lamellae, the genital sheath not extending to the tip of the aedeagus, and the opisthogastral shield with incisions between bases of setae g and ps3. Proctophyllodes arremoni differs from P. habiae by the following features: in males, the aedeagus extends distinctly beyond the level of setae ps3, the accessory sclerites are rudimentary; in females, setae h3 are approximately half the length of the terminal appendages, and the lateral margins of the hysteronotal shield bear small tubercules. In males of P. habiae, the aedeagus does not extend beyond the level of setae ps3, the accessory sclerites are reniform and heavily sclerotized; in females, setae h3 are approximately 3/4 the length of the terminal appendages, and the lateral margins of the hysteronotal shield are without tubercules. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host and is a noun in the genitive case., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 82-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. & Braasch, N. L. (1966). The feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Sarcoptiformes: Proctophyllodidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 5, 1 - 354."]}

Platyacarus caulifer Mironov sp. n. (Fig. 13–15) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6509), 10 male and 7 female paratypes from Glyphorynchus spirurus (Vieillot, 1819) (Furnariidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09°46'N, 83°47′W, 8 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 7 male and 4 female paratypes (ZISP 6510–6520)—ZISP; 2 male and 2 female paratypes—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-006), 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Additional material. 14 males and 6 females (ZISP 6464–6483) same collection data as for the type material, except date, 7 August 2009. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 320 (310– 325) × 140 (140–150), length of hysterosoma 215 (200–220). Prodorsal shield: entire, antero-lateral extensions rounded, lateral margins with incisions extending to bases of setae se, posterior margin with short blunt-angular median extension, 105 (100–110) in length, 95 (90–105) in width, surface with minute poorly distinct lacunae (Fig. 13 A). Setae ve absent. Bases of scapular setae se separated by 50 (47–52). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 22 (20–22) × 6 (6–7.5). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 15 (10–15). Hysteronotal shield: 200 (195–210) in length and 75 (72–80) in width; anterior margin straight, anterior and lateral parts with poorly pronounced ovate lacunae. Supranal concavity poorly expressed, ovate, length from anterior end to anterior margin of terminal cleft 28 (25–30). Opisthosomal lobes small, roughly trapezoidal, lateral margins with truncate extension bearing bases of setae h2. Terminal cleft small semiovate, length from anterior end to level of setae h3 28 (25–28), greatest width 9 (9–12). Terminal lamellae long spatuliform, parallel-sided, rounded terminally, with wide dorsal costa, 68 (65–70) in length, 12 (11–13) in wide at base. Setae c1 and f2 absent. Setae ps1 situated near inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, approximately at level of setae h2. Setae h1 at level of supranal concavity and close to lateral margins of hysteronotal shield. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 65 (60–65), d2:e2 90 (80–90), e2:h3 52 (50–58), h2:h2 55 (55–60), h3:h3 40 (40–48), ps2:ps2 60 (60–68), h1:h3 38 (36–40), d1:d2 20 (20–22), e1:e2 38 (35–40). Epimerites I fused into a Y, sternum about 2/3 of the total length of epimerites, slightly enlarged posteriorly (Fig. 13 B). Inner margins of epimerites II with short and blunt extension. Epimerites IVa small. Rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa present. Bases of epimerites I, II not inflated. Genital arch of moderate size, with base at midlevel of trochanters IV, 32 (30–33) long and 27 (25–28) wide; genital organ whip-shaped, 182 (180–185) long, extending to or beyond midlength of terminal lamellae (Fig. 15 A). Distance from genital arch apex to level of setae h3 140 (135–140). Bases of genital papillae touching, situated slightly posterior to genital arch apex. Paragenital apodemes represented by a pair of thin longitudinal sclerites lateral to genital arch. Antero-lateral pieces of adanal shields absent; postero-medial pieces of adanal shields flanking anal opening and bearing setae ps3. Anal field flanked laterally with wide bow-shaped adanal apodemes. Adanal suckers cylindrical, 12 (12–14) in diameter; corolla with 9 denticles similar in size. Setae 4b slightly posterior to level of setae 3a. Distance between ventral setae: 4b:3a 5 (5–8), 4b:4a 25 (22–25), 4a:g 47 (45–50), g:ps3 40 (37–40), g:g 12 (12–13), ps3:ps3 17 (17–18), ps3:h3 55 (52– 558). Femora I, II with narrow ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I slightly longer than genu I and situated at its midlevel (Fig. 15 B, C). Solenidion σ of genu III situated slightly closer to base of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Tarsus IV 30 (28–30) long, without apical or dorsal processes; button-like seta d situated in basal half of this segment (Fig. 15 D). Solenidion φ of tibia IV extending almost to midlevel of ambulacral disc. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 28 (25–29), σ III 15 (15–16), φ IV 38 (35–40). FEMALE (range for 7 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 435–465 × 165–180, length of hysterosoma 330– 340. Prodorsal shield: entire, anterolateral extensions rounded, lateral margins without incisions, posterior margin with blunt-angular median extension, 115–120 long and 115–130 wide, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 14 A). Setae ve absent. Bases of setae se separated by 65–70. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 22– 25 × 7–7.5. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 15–20. Hysteronotal shields completely split into anterior and lobar shields. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 220–240 in length and 950– 110 in width at anterior margin, 120–130 wide in posterior part, anterior margin straight, posterior margin slightly convex, surface with minute circular and ovate lacunae in median part. Setae c1 and f2 absent. Lobar shield: 88–100 in length and 100–110 in width. Opisthosomal lobes slightly longer than wide at base. Terminal cleft almost rectangular, lateral margins slightly convex, 62–70 in length, 16–18 in width at midlevel. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 with spindle-like basal enlargement and with filiform apical part, 100–110 in length, 7–7.5 in width; setae h3 45–55 in length, about 1/3 of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on soft tegument between anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, closer to lobar apices than to level of setae h2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 80–85, d2:e2 135–140, e2:h 2 27–30, h2:h3 60–65, h1:h 2 25–30, d1:d 2 30–35, e1:e2 60–65, h1:h1 50–53, h2:h2 85–88, h2:ps 1 30–38. Epimerites I with posterior tips connected by very thin commissure; epimerites I, II without sclerotized fields (Fig. 14 B). Epimerites IVa absent. Bases of epimerites I, II not inflated. Epigynum semicircular, thick, with acute tips extending to level of setae g, 47–53 in length, 62–68 in width, without lateral extensions. Genital papillae not connected at bases. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening situated ventrally, near anterior margin of translobar apodemes, and covered with posterior ends of anal flaps. Head of spermatheca small, hemispherical; primary spermaduct slightly enlarged near head of spermatheca, distal half 3-4 times wider than proximal part; secondary spermaducts 4–5 long (Fig.15 E). Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 60–62, ps3:ps 3 25–28, ps2:ps 3 8–10. Legs I, II as in male. Solenidion σ of genu III situated in basal part of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral discs extending to level of lateral extensions of lobar region. Solenidion φ of tibia IV half as long as corresponding tarsus. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 25–32, σ III 12–15, φ III 32 –36, φ IV 17–20. Differential diagnosis. The new species Platyacarus caulifer sp. n. strongly differs from all other Platyacarus species and therefore is referred here to a separate species group. Among previously known species, P. caulifer is probably closest to species of the oligolaccius group based on the absence of setae f 2 in both sexes and in having, in males, the terminal lamellae relatively wide and rounded apically. Platyacarus caulifer is readily differentiated from all previously known species by the following unique features: in both sexes setae c1 are absent; in males, the terminal lamellae are spatuliform, parallel-sided and about 3 times longer than wide, the anal field is flanked by large bow-shaped adanal apodemes, the aedeagus is very long and extends beyond the midlength of the terminal lamellae; in females, the enlarged distal part of the primary spermaduct (bursa copulatrix) is approximately half the length of the total spermaduct. In all other known species of the genus Platyacarus, setae c1 are present in both sexes; in males, the terminal lamellae are of a different form (triangular or narrowly lanceolate) or, if tongueshaped, are shorter (1.5–2 times longer than wide), the adanal apodemes are absent, the aedeagus is much shorter and never extends to the level of the terminal cleft; in females, the enlarged distal part of the primary spermaduct that opens into the copulatory opening is not longer than 1/8th of the total length of the spermaduct. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from kaulos (stem, stalk, Gr.) and ferre (to carry, to bear, L.) to refer to the extraordinarily long aedeagus in male and is a noun in nominative case., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 26-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Species group psilocoronius Diagnosis. Both sexes. Setae f2 absent, prodorsal shield split completely or partly into anterior and posterior parts by transverse band of weaker sclerotized cuticle, prodorsal and hysteronotal shield usually without lacunae. Male. Adanal suckers with corolla edentate, only postero-mesal pair of adanal shields present, adanal apodemes absent, epimerites I fused into a heavily sclerotized Y, terminal lamellae short triangular, aedeagus not extending beyond adanal suckers. Female. Primary spermaduct short, without proximal enlargement, head of spermatheca elongate U-shaped. Remark. The group currently incorporates 4 species, including one described herein., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Genus Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868 Type species: Dermaleichus glandarinus Koch, 1840, by subsequent designation. Proctophyllodes is the most species-rich genus in the family Proctophyllodidae and also among all families of feather mites. Up to now it has included 170 species (Atyeo & Braasch 1966; Gaud & Atyeo 1996; Mironov 2012, 2017; Mironov & OConnor 2014; Wang et al. 2014). Mites of this genus are associated almost exclusively with oscine passerines and have been recorded from 35 families of this grouping (as classified by Gill & Donsker 2017); additionally, three species inhabit suboscine passerines of the families Furnariidae, Pittidae, and Tyrannidae, and a single species is known from each of the three non-passerine orders Apodiformes (Trochilidae), Charadriiformes and Piciformes (Atyeo & Braasch 1966). The world revision of the genus Proctophyllodes was carried out by Atyeo and Braasch (1966) and this work is still the main taxonomic study of this genus and provides the only non-regional key for identification of its species. These authors proposed subdivision of the genus into 10 species groups although they did not suggest how they might be related to each other. Since then, two more species groups, mecistocaulus and caulifer, were established within Proctophyllodes (Gaud & Fain 1990; Mironov & Kopij 1996b). An overview of literature published after the revision by Atyeo and Braasch and an updated world checklist of Proctophyllodes species were provided by Mironov (2012). A preliminary phylogenetic study of Proctophyllodes and related proctophyllodids based on molecular data (Knowles & Klimov 2011) showed the derived position of this genus within the family, and revealed relationships between most previously recognized species groups. This study also showed that the genus Proctophyllodes is paraphyletic, because two highly evolved proctophyllodine genera, Joubertophyllodes Atyeo and Gaud, 1971 and Monojoubertia Radford, 1950, arise from its core. The fauna of the genus Proctophyllodes on passerines of the New World currently includes about 70 identified species (Atyeo & Braasch 1966; Forrester & Spalding 2003; OConnor et al. 2005; Galloway et al. 2014; Mironov & OConnor 2014). In the present work we report 7 species for Costa Rica, including 5 new species., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. & Braasch, N. L. (1966). The feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Sarcoptiformes: Proctophyllodidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 5, 1 - 354.","Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W. T. (1996) Feather mites of the World (Acarina, Astigmata): the supraspecific taxa. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques, 277 (Part 1 & 2), 1 - 193 (text) & 1 - 436 (illustrations).","Wang, Z., Wang, J. & Su, X. (2014) Four new feather mite species of the genus Proctophyllodes Robin (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae) from China. Zoological Systematics, 39, 248 - 258.","Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (Eds.) (2017) IOC World Bird List. Version 7.2. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.14344 / IOC. ML. 7.2","Gaud, J. & Fain, A. (1990) Deux especes nouvelles d'Acariens plumicoles du genre Proctophyllodes (Analgoidea, Proctophylodidae) parasites de Passeriformes africains de la famille Pycnonotidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 60, 133 - 138.","Mironov, S. V. & Kopij, G. (1996 b) Three new species of the feather mite family Proctophyllodidae (Acarina: Analgoidea) from some South African passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes). Acarina, 4, 27 - 33.","Knowles, L. L. & Klimov, P. B. (2011) Estimating phylogenetic relationships despite discordant gene trees across loci: the species tree of a diverse species group of feather mites (Acari: Proctophyllodidae). Parasitology, 138, 1750 - 1759. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 003118201100031 X","Forrester, D. J. & Spalding, M. G. (2003) Parasites and diseases of wild birds in Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 1132 pp.","OConnor, B. M., Foufopoulos, J., Lipton, D. & Lindstrom, K. (2005) Mites associated with the small ground finch, Geospiza fuliginosa (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), from the Galapagos Islands. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1304 - 1313. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 581 R. 1","Galloway, T. D., Proctor, H. C. & Mironov, S. V. (2014) Chapter 5. Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) and feather mites (Acari: Astigmatina: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea): ectosymbionts of grassland birds in Canada. In: Carcamo, H. A. & Giberson, D. J. (Eds.), Arthropods of Canadian grasslands, 3 (biodiversity and systematics), Part 1 (Biological survey of Canada), pp. 139 - 188."]}

Anisophyllodes cuneiformis Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 37–39) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6400), 9 male and 9 female paratypes from Sittasomus griseicapillus (Vieillot, 1818) (Furnariidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamaca Mts., 09°46′N, 83°47′W, 2 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 7 male and 7 female paratypes (ZISP 6401–6414)—ZISP; 1 male, 1 female paratypes—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-003), 1 male, 1 female paratypes—IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 9 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 325 (320– 340) × 170 (170–180), length of hysterosoma 205 (200–220). Prodorsal shield: antero-lateral extensions short and acute, lateral margins without incisions, posterior angles obliquely cut, posterior margin almost straight, setae ve rudimentary, surface with numerous cuneiform lacunae, length along midline 92 (90–95), width at posterior margin 115 (110–120). Scapular setae se separated by 72 (70–75). Setae c 2 in antero-mesal angles of humeral shields. Setae cp on humeral shield. Setae c3 lanceolate, 23 (22–25) × 6 (5–6.5). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields along midline 40 (40–45). Hysteronotal shield: 200 (200–215) in length, 110 (110–120) in width; anterior margin slightly concave; anterior angles acute, surface with numerous cuneiform lacunae in anterior part and with ovate lacuna in posterior part (Fig. Fig. 37 A). Setae c1 on anterior margin of hysteronotal shield. Opisthosoma noticeably attenuate from level of trochanters IV to lobar apices; opisthosomal lobes small roughly triangular, their postero-lateral margins with narrow and rounded terminal lamellae, about 3 in greatest length and 24 (22–25) in width. Terminal cleft between lobes slit-shaped, anterior end of the cleft extending to level of setae h3, length from anterior end to posterior margin of lobes 20 (20–24). Supranal concavity distinct, represented by narrow longitudinal groove opened posteriorly. Setae h2 situated on small lateral extensions of opisthosomal lobes, setae h3 on outer margins of opisthosoma, at level of opisthosomal lobe bases. Setae ps1 minute filiform, situated on lateral margins of terminal cleft noticeably posterior to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 72 (70–75), d2:e2 82 (80–88), e2:h3 37 (35–40), h2:h2 40 (40–44), h3:h3 30 (30–32), ps2:ps2 52 (50–55), h1:h3 15 (15–18), h3:ps1 10 (10–12), d1:d2 20 (20–25), e1: e2 25 (25–30). Epimerites I free, well separated, with posterior tips slightly divergent, without surface fields; epimerites II with narrow sclerotized fields (Fig. 37 B). Epimerites IVa rudimentary, rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa present. Genital arch inverted, 12 (12–14) in length and 28 (27–33) in width; basal sclerite bow-shaped, similar in size and form to genital arch. Aedeagus dagger-like, 23 (20–24) in length, reaching midlevel between setae g and ps3 (Fig. 39 A, B). Distance from margin of genital apparatus to lobar apices 95 (90–105). Genital papillae on small transverse plates at level of anterior margin of basal sclerite. Pregenital apodemes represented by a pair of longitudinal sclerites, their anterior ends fused with inner tips of epimerites IIIa, posterior ends of these apodemes extending to bases of setae 4a; setae 4b situated on anterior parts of these apodemes. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 17 (13–18), 4b:4a 30 (30–32), 4a:g 40 (40–45), g:g 18 (17–20), g:ps3 20 (19–20), ps3:ps3 18 (17–19), ps3:h3 43 (42–44). Adanal suckers 10 (10–12) in diameter, corolla with 6–7 denticles on posterior margin. Adanal shields of complicated uneven form (roughly V- or L-shaped), situated antero-lateral to adanal suckers, with inner branches touching or encompassing bases of setae ps3. Cupules ih present, surrounded by sclerotized areas (Fig. 37 A). Femora I, II with ventral crest, other segments of legs I, II without processes. Solenidion σ 1 I 1.5 times longer than genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment (Fig. 39 C, D). Solenidion σ of genu III situated at midlevel of segment. Legs IV slightly thicker than legs III, with tarsus IV extending beyond level of terminal lamellae. Tarsus IV 27 (27–28) long, with rounded apex and apicoventral claw-like process near base of l seta r; modified setae d, e button-like, seta d situated in distal half of this segment (Fig. 39 F). Setae d, f of tarsi II, III subequal in length. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 37 (37–38), σ III 30 (30–32), φ IV 35 (35–38). FEMALE (range for 9 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 400–410 × 180–190, length of hysterosoma 260– 270. Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions acute, lateral margins entire, posterior margin with blunt-angular median extensions and with a pair of shallow concavities, surface with numerous dash-like and narrowly ovate lacunae, 105–108 in length and 130–135 in width. Setae ve rudimentary. Setae se separated by 85–87. Setae c2 on antero-mesal angles of humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 22–24 × 5–5.5. Setae cp on humeral shields. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields along median line 30–35. Hysteronotal shield completely split into anterior and lobar parts. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 190–200 in length and 115–120 in width; anterior margin slightly concave, anterior angles acute, posterior margin with a pair of very short blunt-angular extensions, surface with numerous small narrowly-ovate lacunae (Fig. 38 A). Setae c1 on anterior margin of hysteronotal shield. Lobar region: anterior margin concave, sinuous, greatest length 73–75, greatest width 112–115. Terminal cleft parallelsided, shaped as an inverted U, 48–52 in length and 22–25 in width. Supranal concavity indistinct. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between the anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h2 strongly thickened basally, with filiform apical part, 105–110 in length, 6.5–7.7 in width; setae h3 47–52 in length. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 85–88, d2:e2 105–110, e2:h2 42–48, h2:h 3 30–32, h1:h2 36–38, d1:d 2 20–22, e1: e2 45–48, h1:h1 35–38, h2:h2 96–100, h2:ps 1 16–18. Epimerites I as in male; epimerites I–II with narrow sclerotized fields. Epimerites IVa present, with long anterior and posterior extensions (Fig. 38 B). Epigynum semicircular, thick, with small lateral extensions, 47–50 in length, 70–73 in width, tips extending to level of anterior pair of genital papillae. Genital papillae of each side on small ovate sclerite. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated immediately posterior to flaps of anal opening, head of spermatheca short, proximal part of primary spermaduct with ampuliform enlargement, secondary spermaducts 40–45 long (Fig. 39 G). Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 50–52, ps3:ps 3 20–21, ps2:ps 3 10–13. Legs I, II as male. Solenidion σ of genu III situated in basal part this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion φ of tibia IV slightly shorter than corresponding tarsus. Setae d of tarsi II–IV subequal in length to corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 35–37, σ III 24–25, φ III 47 –50, φ IV 25– 28. Differential diagnosis. Among the four previously known species, Anisophyllodes cuneiformis sp. n. is most similar to A. pipromorphae in having the apicoventral extension of tarsus IV with a single point in males, and the entire surface of the dorsal shields with lacunae in both sexes. Anisophyllodes cuneiformis differs from A. pipromorphae by the following features. In males of A. cuneiformis sp. n., the prodorsal and hysteronotal shields are ornamented with numerous cuneiform and polygonal lacunae, the terminal lamellae are situated obliquely, setae ps1 are situated posterior to the level of setae h3, the genital arch is inverted and its branches are directed anterolaterally; in females, the posterior margin of the hysteronotal shield does not have a median extension and the prodorsal shield bears small ovate and dash-like lacunae. In males of A. pipromorphae, the prodorsal and hysteronotal shields have numerous circular and ovate lacunae (up to 8 µm in diameter), the terminal lamellae are situated on the truncate posterior margins of the opisthosomal lobes, setae ps1 are situated at the level of setae h3 or slightly anterior to this, the genital arch is normally orientated, with branches directed posterolaterally; in females, the posterior margin of the anterior hysteronotal shield has a rounded medial extension and the prodorsal shield has numerous ovate lacunae (Fig. 41 A). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the triangular form of the lacunae on the dorsal shields in males resembling cuneiform writing.

Nycteridocaulus hylophylax Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 25–27) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6336), 1 male and 4 female paratypes from Hylophylax naevioides (Lafresnaye, 1847) (Thamnophilidae), COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10°46'N, 85°18'W, 20 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depositories: Holotype and 3 female paratypes (ZISP 6334–6339)—ZISP, 1 male and 1 female paratype— IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, measurements for a single paratype in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 290 (300) × 150 (160), length of hysterosoma 190 (185). Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions widely rounded, lateral margins entire, posterior margin with very short and wide median extension, 95 (100) in length and 110 (115) in width, surface with numerous circular lacunae up to 5 in diameter (Fig. 25 A). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 67 (70). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shield. Setae c3 lanceolate, 18 (17) × 5 (6). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 15 (17). Hysteronotal shield: 185 (190) in length and 105 (110) in width; anterior margin slightly concave medially, surface with numerous circular lacunae as on prodorsal shield. Opisthosoma slightly attenuate posteriorly. Opisthosomal lobes short and wide, with slightly oblique posterior margin and with short postero-lateral angle forming lobar apex and bearing setae h3. Terminal lamellae rounded, almost semicircular, 10 (10) in length and 18 (20) in width at base. Terminal cleft small, triangular, with anterior end extending to level of setae h2, 12 (13) in length, 24 (25) in width at level of setae ps1. Supranal concavity present, ovate. Setae h2 situated on small semiovate lateral extensions of opisthosomal lobes; setae ps 1 in posteromedial margins of lobes, at the same level with setae h3; setae h1 situated slightly anterior to setae ps2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 95 (100), d2:e2 78 (75), e2:h3 35 (40), h2:h2 73 (75), h3:h3 58 (56), ps2:ps2 73 (75), h1:h3 22 (23), d1:d2 23 (24), e1: e2 27 (28). Epimerites I free, close to each other, posterior tips slightly divergent; epimerites I, II with narrow sclerotized fields; epimerites IVa absent (Fig. 25 B). Rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa present. Trochanters III flanked by sclerotized band connecting bases of epimerites III and IIIa. Epimerites IIIa with sclerotized plates around their inner tips. Trochanters IV flanked by sclerotized bands going from bases of epimerites III. Genital apparatus situated posterior to midlevel of trochanters IV. Genital arch bow-shaped, 18 (17) in length and 35 (37) in width. Minute sclerites situated lateral to tips of genital arch. Aedeagus stylet-like, 25 (24) in length, reaching level of setae g (Fig. 27 A). Genital papillae on small oval plates at level of genital arch apex. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae h3 93 (95). Pregenital apodemes absent. Setae 4a on soft tegument, setae 4b on posterior extensions of sclerotized areas of epimerites IIIa or on soft tegument near them. Adanal suckers 14 (15) in diameter, corolla with 7–8 denticles. Adanal shields represented by two pairs: antero-lateral pair represented by narrow oblique sclerites, and posteromedial pair roughly ovate and bearing setae ps3. Opisthoventral shields shaped as narrow oblique sclerites. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 13 (15), 4b:4a 27 (28), 4a:g 33 (35), g:g 24 (23), g:ps3 50 (48), ps3:ps3 18 (20), ps3:h3 44 (46). Femora I, II with ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I longer than genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment (Fig. 25 A, B). Solenidion σ of genu III situated at midlevel of this segment. Legs III, IV subequal in size, legs IV with ambulacral discs extending to level of terminal membrane. Tarsus IV 22 (21) in length, without apicoventral clawlike process; modified setae d and e button-like, situated in distal half of this segment, seta e with minute nipple (Fig. 27 D). Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f, setae d and f of tarsi III subequal in length. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 25 (26), σ III 10 (12), φ IV 35 (37). FEMALE (range for 4 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 405–430 × 170–180, length of hysterosoma 300– 305. Prodorsal shield: form and ornamentation as in male, 105–110 in length and 130–135 in width. Setae se separated by 85–90. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 15–18 × 5–6 in width. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 10–15. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 205–210 in length and 125–130 in width, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin with short and widely rounded median extension and a pair of shallow concavities, entire surface with numerous circular lacunae, about 5 in diameter (Fig. 26 A). Lobar region: 92–100 in length and 110–115 in width, lateral margins slightly convex, with short extensions bearing setae h2; lobar shield entire, anterior margin slightly concave. Terminal cleft large nearly rectangular, 67–73 in length, 40–45 in width. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 lanceolate in basal part and with filiform apex, 70–80 in length, 5–6 in width; setae h3 42–48 long, about 1/3 of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between parts of hysteronotal shields or on posterior margin of anterior hysteronotal shield. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Setae ps1 on inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, closer to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 78–85, d2:e2 115–120, e2:h2 40–48, h2:h3 50–52, h1:h2 35–40, d1:d 2 26–30, e1: e2 47–52, h1:h 1 30–35, h2:h2 100–105, h2:ps 1 25–27. Epimerites I, II as in male, with narrow surface fields. Epimerites IVa large, with long posterior extensions (Fig. 26 B). Trochanters III and IV flanked by narrow sclerotized bands connecting corresponding epimerites III and IV. Epigynum semicircular, thick, with acute tips extending to level of genital papillae, 37–40 in length, 68–75 in width. Genital papillae of each side on small ovate sclerotized plate. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated near anterior end of terminal cleft and covered with posterior ends of anal folds. Head of spermatheca short; proximal part of primary spermaduct with enlargement 25 long, secondary spermaducts 28–30 long (Fig. 27 F). Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 58–60, ps3:ps 3 20–22, ps2:ps 3 8–10. Legs I, II as male. Legs IV with distal margin of ambulacral disc extending to level of setae f2. Solenidion σ1 of genu I slightly longer than this segment and situated at its midlevel. Solenidion σ of genu III in proximal half of this segment. Solenidion φ of tibia IV slightly shorter than corresponding tarsus. Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f, setae d of tarsi III, IV shorter than corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 30–32, σ III 12–14, φ III 37 –40, φ IV 20–22. Differential diagnosis. The new species Nycteridocaulus hylophylax sp. n. is most similar to N. lamellus Atyeo, 1966, described from Myiarchus crinitus (Linnaeus) from Texas, in having short and rounded terminal lamellae in males and a wide terminal cleft in females. Nycteridocaulus hylophylax sp. n. is readily differentiated from this species by the following features: in both sexes, the prodorsal and hysteronotal shields are entirely covered with large circular lacunae; in the male, the genital arch is relatively long and nearly semicircular in shape, the adanal shields are represented by two well-separated pairs of sclerites (antero-lateral and postero-mesal pairs), and setae ps3 are situated on the sclerites of the postero-mesal pair; in the female, the lobar shield is entire, and the terminal cleft is large and rectangular, 40–45 µm in width (Fig. 26 A). In both sexes of N. lamellus, the prodorsal and hysteronotal shields lack ornamentation; in males, the genital arch is low and shaped as a recurved bow, the adanal shields are represented by the postero-mesal pair, and setae ps3 are situated off the adanal shields; in females, the lobar shield is split longitudinally and the terminal cleft is trapezoidal, with its greatest width about 25 µm. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in apposition.

Proctophyllodes habiae Atyeo and Braasch, 1966 Proctophyllodes habiae Atyeo and Braasch 1966: 221, figs. 211–213. Material examined. 5 males and 12 females (ZISP 6344–6355) from Habia rubica (Vieillot, 1817) (Cardinalidae), COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10°46'N, 83°47′W, 20 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. This species was previously recorded on Habia rubica (type host) in Belize and Mexico and from H. gutturalis (Sclater) in Mexico (Atyeo & Braasch 1966). This is the first record of Proctophyllodes habiae in Costa Rica., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. & Braasch, N. L. (1966). The feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Sarcoptiformes: Proctophyllodidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 5, 1 - 354."]}

Genus Nycteridocaulus Atyeo, 1966 Type species: Nycteridocaulus tyranni Atyeo, 1966, by original designation. Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Moderately elongated proctophyllodines. Prodorsal shield entire, covering nearly the entire prodorsum, with extending antero-lateral extensions, and rounded posterior angles. Vertical setae vi rudimentary, represented by alveoli. Scapular setae si and se situated on prodorsal shield and arranged in transverse line. Humeral shields well developed dorsally, usually encompassing bases of setae c2 and cp. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate. Epimerites I free, bow-shaped, with posterior ends slightly divergent; in some species epimerites may be connected by transverse sclerotized band. Full set of hysterosomal setae occurring in proctophyllodines present. Solenidion ��1 of genu I slightly longer than solenidion ��3 of tarsus I. Tarsi I, II with 3 ventral setae, setae wa close to setae la and ra on these tarsi. Segments of legs I and II without processes or other modifications. MALE. Hysteronotal shield covering almost all hysterosoma. Opisthosoma wide, opisthosomal lobes strongly variable in shape among species, from short truncate extensions to long semiovate or tongue-shaped extensions separated by large terminal cleft, lateral margins of lobes straight or forming strong semicircular convexities; posterior margin of lobes with variously shaped terminal lamellae (as short and wide membranes with smooth or indented free margin, semicircular, foliform, with fine dorsal ornamentation or without it). Supranal concavity well expressed. Setae h3 shorter than macrosetae h2. Setae h1 usually posterior to the level of setae ps2. Setae f2 and ps2 situated laterally or ventrally, distinctly moved from lateral margins of opisthosoma. Coxal fields I���IV open, without extensive sclerotized areas. Genital apparatus at level of trochanters IV; genital arch wide and low, with branches usually doubly recurved (resembling silhouette of a bat) or simple bow-shaped; aedeagus in sheath approximately equal or slightly longer than genital arch. Adanal shields present, variable in form, partly encircling adanal suckers and setae ps3, free or connected each other anterior to anal opening. Genital papillae situated at level of genital arch apex, surrounded by ovate plates or these plates absent. Pregenital apodemes present or absent, free or fused to each other. Adanal apodemes absent. Opisthoventral shields present (and bearing bases of setae f2 and ps2) or not developed. Adanal suckers cylindrical, corolla dentate. Legs III and IV subequal, not hypertrophied. Tarsus IV with apical claw-like process, with or without ventral extension, modified setae d and e button-like. FEMALE. Lobar region of opisthosoma clearly separated from remaining part of hysterosoma by transverse constriction, opisthosomal lobes well developed, with terminal appendages. Anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields completely separated by narrow band of striated tegument. Lobar shield entire (split longitudinally in Nycteridocaulus lamellus Atyeo, 1966). Supranal concavity absent. Macrosetae h2 thickened basally, with long filiform apex. Epigynum large, semicircular or horseshoe-shaped, free from epimerites IIIa. Copulatory opening terminal or subterminal. Legs III and IV subequal in size; segments without modifications; solenidia �� of tibiae III, IV subequal or solenidion �� IV noticeably shorter. Hosts. Furnariidae, Parulidae, Thamnophilidae, Tityridae, Troglodytidae, Tyrannidae (Table 1). Remarks. The genus Nycteridocaulus was established by Atyeo (1966a) and originally included six species; later on, two more species were described (De Alzuet & Brandetti 1986; Hernandes 2014). Among proctophyllodine genera associated exclusively or predominately with suboscine passerines, the genus Nycteridocaulus is the most species-rich and diverse in the structure of opisthosomal lobes, terminal lamellae and genital apparatus in males. Meanwhile representatives of the two closest genera, Anisophyllodes and Atrichophyllodes, are more uniform morphologically. The genus incorporates 15 species including 7 new species described herein. A new key to species provided below includes all currently known species, except Nycteridocaulus armandoi De Alzuet and Brandetti, 1986, the only species associated with Furnariidae, because its description was not careful enough to recognize important discriminant features. ������continued on the next page ������continued on the next page ������continued on the next page Remarks: * ��� type host if a mite is known from two or more hosts, (?) ��� questionable host association, PW ��� present work, 1 ��� referred as Xiphorhynchus necopinus (Zimmer) in Kudon (1992b) as Dendrornis kienerii (Des Murs) in Barreto et al. (2012), presently it is placed in the genus Dendroplex Swainson (Alexio et al. 2007)., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 30-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. (1966 a) A new genus and six new species of feather mites primarily from Tyranni (Acarina: Proctophyllodidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 39, 481 - 492.","De Alzuet, A. D. B. & Brandetti, E. (1986) Acaros plumicolas, ectoparasitos de aves silvestres (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae). Neotropica, 32, 81 - 87.","Barreto, M., Burbano, M. E., Proctor, H. C., Mironov, S. V. & Wauthy, G. (2012) Feather mites (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from Colombia: Preliminary list with new records. Zootaxa, 3516, 1 - 68.","Alexio, A., Gregory, S. M. S. & Penhallurick, J. (2007) Fixation of the type species and revalidation of the genus Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 (Dendrocolaptidae). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 127 (3), 242 - 246."]}

Nycteridocaulus ketourus Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 31–33) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6259), 7 male and 6 female paratypes from Thryophilus rufalbus (Lafresnaye, 1845) (Troglodytidae), COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10°46'N, 85°18'W, 16 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 5 male and 4 female paratypes (ZISP 6260–6268)—ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-012), 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 7 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 335 (325– 345) × 150 (145–160), length of hysterosoma 230 (215–240). Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions acute, lateral margins entire, posterior margin slightly concave, with short median extension, 82 (80–85) in length and 105 (95–110) in width, surface with a few minute lacunae or without them (Fig. 31 A). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 65 (60–70). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 18 (17–19) × 5 (5–6). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 30 (30–35). Hysteronotal shield: 225 (215–230) in length and 98 (95–100) in width; anterior margin concave, anterior half with minute circular lacunae. Opisthosoma shaped as fish-tail owing to abrupt expansion at level of setae h2 and opisthosomal lobes. Opisthosomal lobes short and wide, with posterior margin convex, with large semi-ovate lateral extensions bearing setae h2, and with small triangular extensions at bases of setae h3. Terminal lamellae short semi-rounded, with radial striation, 10 (10–13) in length and 32 (30–34) in width. Terminal cleft small semi-ovate, with anterior end almost extending to level of setae h2, 23 (22–25) in length from anterior end to level of lobar apices, 18 (16–18) in width at level of setae ps1. Supranal concavity narrowed posteriorly, opened into terminal cleft. Setae ps 1 in posteromedial margins of opisthosomal lobes, slightly anterior to level of setae h3; setae h1 situated at level of setae ps2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 68 (62–70), d2:e2 75 (70–88), e2:h3 75 (72–82), h2:h2 90 (82–90), h3:h3 75 (70–75), ps2:ps2 68 (65–68), h1:h3 53 (47–55), d1:d2 13 (10–15), e1: e2 35 (30–35), ps1:h3 8 (7–10). Epimerites I free, close to each other, posterior tips slightly divergent; epimerites I, II with narrow surface fields; epimerites IVa absent (Fig. 31 B). Rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa absent. Trochanters III flanked by sclerotized band stretching from bases of epimerites IIIa. Epimerites IIIa with rounded sclerotized plates around their inner tips. Trochanters IV flanked by sclerotized bands stretching from bases of epimerites IV. Genital apparatus situated at level of trochanters IV. Genital arch shaped as recurved bow, 13 (13–14) in length and 42 (38–42) in width. Aedeagus stylet-like, 20 (20–22) in length, reaching level of setae g (Fig. 33 A). Genital papillae of each side on small oval plates at level of genital arch apex. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae h3 125 (120–130). Pregenital apodemes connected by transverse branch forming single H-shaped sclerite. Setae 4a on pregenital apodemes, setae 4b on sclerotized areas of epimerites IIIa. Adanal suckers 15 (15–16) in diameter, corolla with 14– 15 denticles. Adanal shields represented by a pair of roughly L-shaped sclerites situated anterior to anal suckers. Setae ps3 situated on transverse branches of adanal shields. Opisthoventral shields narrow, without extension on inner margin, heavily sclerotized around bases of setae ps2 and f2. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 13 (13– 15), 4b:4a 23 (23–25), 4a:g 42 (40–45), g:g 18 (18–22), g:ps3 33 (30–35), ps3:ps3 18 (18–22), ps3:h3 78 (74–78). Femora I, II with ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I slightly longer than genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment (Fig. 33 B, C). Solenidion σ of genu III situated in distal half of this segment. Legs IV slightly thicker than legs III, IV with ambulacral discs extending to level of lobar apices. Tarsus IV 28 (25–30) in length, with apicoventral claw-like process bearing seta w; modified setae d and e button-like, seta d about noticeably larger in diameter than seta e and situated at midlevel of this segment (Fig. 33 E). Seta d tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f, seta d of tarsus III shorter than corresponding seta f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 35 (28–35), σ III 20 (20–23), φ IV 33 (32–35). FEMALE (range for 6 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 400–410 × 160–170, length of hysterosoma 280– 290. Prodorsal shield: shape and ornamentation as in male, 95–100 in length and 110–120 in width. Setae se separated by 70–78. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 19–20 × 5–6 in width. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 35–40. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 200–210 in length and 105–110 in width, anterior margin concave, posterior margin with short and wide median extension, surface with minute circular lacunae (Fig. 32 A). Lobar region: 80–90 in length and 100–105 in width, lateral margins with well developed extensions bearing setae h2; anterior margin of lobar shield with a pair of narrow triangular incisions and small semi-rounded extension between them. Terminal cleft U-shaped with slightly divergent branches, 57–62 in length and 18–20 in width anterior part. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 lanceolate in basal part and with long filiform apex, 90–100 in length, 7–8 in width; setae h3 58–60 in length, approximately half the length of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between the anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Setae ps1 on inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, close to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 80–85, d2:e2 110–115, e2:h2 40–45, h2:h3 37–40, h1:h 2 30–32, d1:d 2 20–25, e1: e2 48–52, h1:h 1 28–30, h2:h2 80–85, h2:ps 1 25–30. Epimerites I as in male; epimerites I, II with narrow surface sclerotized fields. Epimerites IVa large, roughly triangular, with long posterior extension (Fig. 32 B). Epigynum semicircular, thick, with acute tips extending to level of genital papillae, 40–45 in length, 70–72 in width. Genital papillae of each side on small ovate sclerotized plate. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening terminal, situated near to anterior end of terminal cleft. Head of spermatheca short; proximal part of primary spermaduct with ampuliform enlargement 25–30 long; secondary spermaducts 30–32 long (Fig. 33 F). Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 52–50, ps3:ps 3 20–22, ps2:ps 3 12–14. Legs I, II as male. Solenidion σ of genu III in proximal part of this segment. Legs IV with distal margin of ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion φ of tibia IV similar in length to corresponding tarsus. Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f, setae d of tarsi III, IV slightly shorter than corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 33–35, σ III 22–25, φ III 47 –53, φ IV 35 –40. Differential diagnosis. The new species, Nycteridocaulus ketourus sp. n., is similar to N. laticlunis Atyeo, 1966 in having, in males, strong lateral enlargements of the opisthosomal lobes bearing setae h2 and a claw-like apical process on tarsi IV. Males of N. ketourus differ from that species by the following features: the pregenital apodemes are present and fused into an H-shaped sclerite, the terminal cleft is small, U-shaped, and extends to the level of setae h2. In males of N. laticlunis, the pregenital apodemes are absent, and the terminal cleft has divergent lateral margins and extends to the level of setae h3. Females of N. laticlunis are unknown; among species where females are known, females of N. ketourus are most similar to those of N. guaratabuensis Hernandes, 2014 in having similar proportions of the terminal cleft and a pair of small triangular incisions on the anterior margin of the lobar shield. Females of N. ketourus differ from that species by the following features: the anterior hysteronotal shield bears only minute poorly distinct lacunae in its central part and the epigynum does not extend to the level of setae g. In females of N. guaratabuensis, the anterior hysteronotal shield bears two longitudinal rows of large lacunae in its posterior part, and the epigynum extends to the level of setae g. Etymology. The specific epithet, combination of ketus (Gr., whale) and ourá (Gr., tail), refers to the shape of opisthosoma in males. Remark. This is the only species of the genus known from oscine passerines of the family Troglodytidae.

Platyacarus picumnus Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 7���9) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6572), 10 male and 8 female paratypes from Dendrocolaptes picumnus Lichtenstein, MHK, 1820 (Furnariidae), COSTA RICA, Tapant�� National Park, Sector Tapant��, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09��46���N, 83��47���W, 9 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 8 male and 6 female paratypes (ZISP 6572���6586)���ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype���UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-008), 1 male and 1 female paratype���IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length �� width, 300 (290��� 310) �� 180 (170���180), length of hysterosoma 185 (180���190). Prodorsal shield: completely split into anterior and posterior pieces by poorly sclerotized transverse band at level of scapular setae, posterior margin with wide and rounded median extension, total length 105 (95���105), length of anterior part 62 (58���65), length of posterior part 31 (28���32), width of posterior part 110 (100���110), surface of both parts without ornamentation (Fig. 7 A). Bases of scapular setae se separated by 75 (72���75). Scapular shields with poorly distinct inner borders. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 bristle-like, 15 (15���17) long. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 15 (15���20). Hysteronotal shield: 180 (170���180) in length and 97 (90���98) in width; anterior margin straight, surface without ornamentation. Setae c1 on hysteronotal shield. Supranal concavity poorly expressed, 30 (27���32) long. Opisthosomal lobes roughly trapezoidal in form, with pair of truncate extensions bearing setae h2 and h3; terminal cleft wide semicircular, 25 (20���25) long and 45 (40���45) wide at level of setae h3. Interlobar membrane narrow, its terminal extensions at lobar apices (terminal lamellae) triangular, short, 10 (10���12) in length from level of seta h3 bases to apices, distance between inner margins of lamellae 29 (28���30). Setae f2 absent. Setae ps1 situated on lateral margins of terminal cleft, approximately at level of setae ps2. Setae h1 approximately at midlevel of supranal concavity. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 50 (50���54), d2:e2 85 (75���85), e2:h3 42 (42���45), h2:h2 75 (72���75), h3:h3 52 (50���54), h1:h3 38 (35���38), d1:d2 18 (17���20), e1: e2 42 (37���42), ps1:h3 13 (12���14). Epimerites I fused into a thick Y, with stem about half the total length of epimerites. Epimerites I, II thick, without large surface fields, with bases inflated and heavily sclerotized (Fig. 7 B). Epimerites IVa small. Rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa present. Genital arch situated at midlevel of trochanters IV, small, 18 (17���20) long and 27 (27���30) wide; genital organ stylet-like, 40 (36���40) long, extending to midlevel of between setae g and ps3 (Fig. 9 A). Distance from genital arch apex to level of setae h3 110 (100���110). Bases of genital papillae connected, situated on small oval plates at level of genital arch apex. Paragenital apodemes absent. Antero-lateral pieces of adanal shields absent; postero-medial pieces of adanal shield flanking anal opening and bearing setae ps3. Adanal suckers cup-shaped, 11 (11���12) in diameter; corolla smooth. Setae 4b slightly posterior to level of setae 3a. Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 32 (32���34), 4a:g 40 (37���40), g:g 19 (18���20), g:ps3 23 (22���24), ps3:ps3 13 (12���13), ps3:h3 55 (55���60). Femora I, II without ventral crest. Tibiae I, II with noticeable ventral inflation. Solenidion �� 1 I half as long as genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment (Fig. 9 B, C). Solenidion �� of genu III situated approximately at midlevel of segment. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending slightly beyond level of terminal lamellae. Tarsus IV 30 (30���32) long, with ledge on dorsal margin, without apical processes; button-like seta d situated at base of this segment (Fig. 9 D). Solenidion �� of tibia IV extending to tarsal apex. Length of solenidia: �� 1 I 10 (10���12), �� III 13 (12���14), �� IV 27 (25���28). FEMALE (range for 8 paratypes). Idiosoma, length �� width, 440���455 �� 210���220, length of hysterosoma 300��� 310. Prodorsal shield: shape and ornamentation as in male, total length 120���130, length of anterior part 75���80, length of posterior part 42���45, width of posterior part 125���130 (Fig. 8 A). Bases of setae se separated by 90���95. Scapular and humeral shields with poorly distinct inner margins. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 bristle-like, 16���20 long. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 30���40. Hysteronotal shields completely split into anterior and lobar shields. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 220���230 in length, 105���110 in width at anterior margin, 145���155 in wide in posterior part, anterior margin straight, posterior margin shallowly concave, surface without ornamentation. Setae c1 off hysteronotal shield near its anterior margin. Lobar shield: 65���70 in length and 100���110 in width. Terminal cleft wide U-shaped, lateral margins parallel-sided, 42���45 in length, 32���35 in width at midlevel. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 slightly thickened in basal part and with filiform apical part, 80���90 in length, 4���5 in width; setae h3 52���56 in length, about 1/3 of terminal appendages. Setae f2 absent. Setae h1 inserted on lobar shields, distant from its anterior margin. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, closer to lobar apices than to level of setae h2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 72���75, d2:e2 120���125, e2:h2 60���64, h2:h 3 30���38, h1:h 2 27���30, h2:ps 1 17���20, d1:d 2 25���28, e1: e2 50���54, h1:h1 52���58, h2:h2 97���100. Epimerites I fused into a V, with very thin connecting commissure. Epimerites I, II thick, without narrow surface fields, with bases inflated and heavily sclerotized (Fig. 8 B). Epimerites IVa present, rudimentary. Epigynum semicircular, thick, with posterior ends bidentate and almost extending to level of anterior genital papillae, 40���46 in length, 75���80 in width. Genital papillae not connected at bases. Setae ps2 at middle of anal opening. Translobar apodemes fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated at anterior margin of fused translobar apodemes and covered with posterior ends of anal flaps. Head of spermatheca small U-shaped, poorly sclerotized; primary spermaduct without enlargement at head of spermatheca, medial part of primary spermaduct forming a loose skein; secondary spermaducts extremely short, 2���3 long (Fig.9 E). Distance between pseudanal setae, ps2:ps2 57���60, ps3:ps 3 24���26, ps2:ps 3 10���12. Legs I, II as in male. Solenidion �� 1 I about 2/3 length of genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment. Solenidion �� of genu III situated in basal part of this segment. Legs IV with ambulacral discs extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion �� of tibia IV about 1/3 of corresponding tarsus. Length of solenidia: �� 1 I 13���15, �� III 10���12, �� III 32 ���34, �� IV 13���15. Differential diagnosis. The new species, Platyacarus picumnus sp. n., belongs to the psilocoronius group in having a smooth corolla of adanal suckers and triangular terminal lamellae in males. Within this group, the new species is most similar to P. diversus Kudon, 1982 in having a wide terminal cleft with triangular terminal lamellae in males and the epigynum with bidentate tips in females. Platyacarus picumnus sp. n. differs from P. diversus by the following features: in males of P. picumnus, the genital papillae are connected at their bases and situated on small ovate plates, the anterior margin of the terminal cleft is semicircular, and the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is straight; in females, setae h1 are distant from the anterior edge of the lobar shield, and the terminal cleft is longer and wider (42���45 �� 32���35 ��m). In males of P. diversus, the genital papillae are free, the anterior margin of the terminal cleft is straight, and the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is slightly concave; in females, setae h1 are inserted on the anterior edge of the lobar shield, and the terminal cleft is smaller (c. 29 �� 22 ��m). In having the genital papillae connected in males, P. picumnus is similar to two other species of the psilocoronius group, P. longicolicus Kudon, 1982 and P. psilocoronius Kudon, 1982. Males of P. picumnus are readily differentiated from these two species in having the terminal cleft almost semicircular vs. longitudinally ovate. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the specific epithet of the type host and is a noun in apposition., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 18-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Species group minor Diagnosis. Both sexes. Setae f2 present, prodorsal shield entire, prodorsal and hysteronotal shield with lacunae. Male. Adanal suckers toothed, adanal shields represented by 2 pairs of sclerites, adanal apodemes absent, epimerites I Y-shaped, terminal lamellae short tongue-shaped, aedeagus not extending beyond adanal suckers, hysterosoma with small metapodosomal sclerites. Female. Primary spermaduct short, without monotonous proximal enlargement toward spermatheca; head of spermatheca small conical. Remark. This group established herein includes two species: Platyacarus minor (Berla, 1959) and a new species described below., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Nycteridocaulus attila Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 34–36) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6484), 4 male and 11 female paratypes from Attila spadiceus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) (Tyrannidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamaca Mts, 09°46′N, 83°47′W, 7 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depository. Holotype, 2 male and 9 female paratypes (ZISP 6485–6495)—ZISP; 1 male, 1 female paratype— UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-005), 1 male, 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 4 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 290 (290– 300) × 160 (150–160), length of hysterosoma 190 (190–200). Prodorsal shield: anterolateral extensions acute, lateral margins entire, posterior margin slightly concave with small median extension, 85 (82–90) in length and 92 (90–98) in width, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 34 A). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 60 (60–65). Setae c2 and cp on humeral shield. Setae c3 lanceolate, 15 (15–16) × 5 (5–6). Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 25 (20–25). Hysteronotal shield: 185 (180–200) in length and 95 (90–95) in width; anterior margin slightly concave, surface without ornamentation. Opisthosoma attenuated posteriorly. Opisthosomal lobes short, roughly rectangular, with blunt lateral extensions bearing bases of setae h2 and h3. Terminal lamellae narrow leaf-like, 72 (70–75) in length and 28 (20–30) in width, dorsal surface with clear median vein and pennate pattern. Terminal cleft small semi-ovate, with anterior end extending beyond the level of setae h2, 20 (20–25) in length, 15 (12–15) in width at level of setae ps1. Supranal concavity narrowed posteriorly and opening into terminal cleft. Setae ps 1 in posteromedial angles of lobes, at level of setae h3; setae h1 situated equidistant from transverse levels of setae e2 and h2. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 60 (60–65), d2: e2 55 (55–65), e2:h3 75 (60–75), h2:h2 63 (58–64), h3:h3 48 (45–50), ps2:ps2 62 (57–65), h1:h3 40 (40–44), d1:d2 20 (17–20), e1: e2 13 (13–20). Epimerites I free, close to each other, posterior tips slightly divergent; epimerites I, II with narrow surface fields; epimerites IVa absent (Fig. 34 B). Rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa absent. Trochanters III flanked by sclerotized bands connected with epimerites IIIa. Epimerites IIIa wide, with sclerotized plates around their inner tips almost reaching midline. Trochanters IV flanked by sclerotized bands connected with bases of epimerites III. Genital apparatus situated posterior to midlevel of trochanters IV. Genital arch shaped as recurved bow, 13 (13–15) in length and 30 (28–36) in width. Aedeagus dagger-like, 18 (18–22) in length, reaching level of setae g (Fig. 36 A, B). Both pairs of genital papillae on single bow-shaped transverse sclerite at level of genital arch apex. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae ps1 100 (100–105). Pregenital apodemes absent. Setae 4a on soft tegument, setae 4b on sclerotized areas on inner tips of epimerites IIIa. Adanal suckers 13 (13–14) in diameter, corolla with 13–14 denticles. Adanal shields represented by a pair of roughly L-shaped sclerites situated anterior to anal suckers. Setae ps3 situated on transverse branches of adanal shields. Opisthoventral shields narrow, with small triangular extensions at level of anal opening. Setae ps2 and f2 situated submarginally. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 8 (8–10), 4b:4a 27 (27–30), 4a:g 33 (32–35), g:g 13 (13–15), g:ps3 20 (17–20), ps3:ps3 25 (25–28), ps3:h3 65 (58–65). Femora I, II with narrow ventral crest. Solenidion σ1 of genu I longer than this segment and situated at its midlevel (Fig. 36 C, D). Solenidion σ of genu III situated at midlevel of this segment. Legs III, IV subequal in size, legs IV with ambulacral discs extending to level of setae h3. Tarsus IV 28 (25–28) in length, with apicoventral spine-like process bearing seta w; modified setae d and e button-like, seta d situated at midlength of this segment (Fig. 36 E, F). Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f; seta d of tarsus III shorter than corresponding seta f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 30 (30–32), σ III 24 (20–25), φ IV 35 (32–35). FEMALE (range for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 400–415 × 170–180, length of hysterosoma 280–290. Prodorsal shield: form and ornamentation as in male, 95–100 in length and 120–130 in width. Setae se separated by 75–80. Setae c2 and cp on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 19–20 × 6–6.5 in width. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields 20–25. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 200–210 in length and 105–115 in width, anterior margin straight or slightly concave, posterior margin with short and wide median extension, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 35 A). Lobar region: 80–88 in length and 105–110 in width, lateral margins strongly convex, without noticeable extensions bearing setae h2; lobar shield entire, anterior margin with small median extension and a pair of shallow concavities. Terminal cleft narrow, with lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly, 57–62 in length, 22–24 in width at level of setae h3. Supranal concavity absent. Setae h2 lanceolate in basal part and with filiform apex, 80–90 in length, 7–8 in width; setae h3 68–75 in length, approximately half the length of terminal appendages. Setae h1 inserted on striated tegument between the anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Setae ps1 on inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, close to level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 85–90, d2:e2 110–120, e2:h2 40–45, h2:h3 35–40, h1:h2 35–38, d1:d 2 25–28, e1: e2 35–38, h1:h1 32–34, h2:h2 87–92, h2:ps 1 23–28. Epimerites I, II as in male, with narrow surface sclerotized fields. Epimerites IVa large, roughly triangular, with long and heavily sclerotized posterior extension (Fig. 35 B). Epigynum horseshoe-shaped, thick, with rounded tips extending to level of genital papillae, 47–50 in length, 66–70 in width. Genital papillae of each side on small ovate sclerotized plate. Setae ps2 at midlevel of anal opening. Translobar apodemes not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening situated in anterior end of terminal cleft. Head of spermatheca short; proximal part of primary spermaduct with cone-shaped enlargement 10–15 long; secondary spermaducts 30–35 long (Fig. 36 G). Distance between pseudanal setae, ps2:ps2 45–48, ps3:ps 3 18–22, ps2:ps 3 15–16. Legs I, II as male. Legs IV with distal margin of ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion σ1 of genu I longer than this segment and situated slightly closer to its base. Solenidion σ of genu III approximately at midlevel of this segment. Solenidion φ of tibia IV shorter than corresponding tarsus. Seta d of tarsus II longer than corresponding seta f, setae d of tarsi III, IV slightly shorter than corresponding setae f. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 36– 38, σ III 27–29, φ III 54 –57, φ IV 32 –38. Differential diagnosis. The new species Nycteridocaulus attila sp. n. is close to N. foliatus Atyeo, 1966 in having foliform terminal lamellae in males. The new species differs from N. foliatus by the following features: in males, the apices of the terminal lamellae are attenuate, the pregenital apodemes are absent, and the opisthoventral shields are narrow, with small triangular extensions at the level of the anal opening. In males of N. foliatus, the apices of the terminal lamellae are widely rounded, the pregenital apodemes are fused into an H-shaped sclerite, and the opisthoventral shields are half as wide as the opisthosomal lobes and have narrow and acute extensions posterior to the level of the adanal suckers. Females of N. foliatus are unknown; among previously described species, females of N. attila are most similar to those of N. bilobatus Atyeo, 1966 in having the lobar region slightly wider than long, with strongly convex lateral margins and a narrow terminal cleft. Females of N. attila are distinguished from those of N. bilobatus in having setae h2 shorter than the terminal appendages, the proximal part of the primary spermaduct with a cone-shaped enlargement, and by the absence of ornamentation on the hysteronotal shield. In females of N. bilobatus, setae h2 are longer than the terminal appendages, the primary spermaduct lacks a cone-shaped enlargement, and the anterior hysteronotal shield bears small circular lacunae. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the generic name of the type host and is a noun in apposition.

Genus Diproctophyllodes Atyeo and Gaud, 1968 Type species: Proctophyllodes (Alloptes) dielytra Trouessart, 1885, by original designation. The genus Diproctophyllodes was established by Atyeo and Gaud (1968) and includes two species, Diproctophyllodes dielytra (Trouessart, 1885) and D. oxyrunci Atyeo and Gaud, 1968, associated with suboscine passerines of the families Pipridae and Tityridae, respectively (Table 1). This genus is close to Nycteridocaulus, but is readily differentiated from that genus by the males having hypertrophied legs III and extremely long opisthosomal lobes that make up nearly half the length of hysterosoma., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. & Gaud, J. (1968) Two feather mite genera (Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from birds of the families Oxyruncidae and Pipridae (Passeriformes, Tyranni). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 8, 209 - 215.","Trouessart, E. L. (1885) Note sur le classification des Analgesiens et diagnoses d'especes et de genres nouveaux. Bulletin de la Societe d´Etudes Scientifiques d´Angers, 14, 46 - 89."]}

Proctophyllodes vesicularis Mironov sp. n. (Figs. 52–54) Type material. Male holotype (ZISP 6387), 7 male and 9 female paratypes from Euphonia anneae Cassin, 1865 (Fringillidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09°46'N, 83°47′W, 31 July 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Depositories. Holotype, 5 male and 7 female paratypes (ZISP 6 387–6399)—ZISP; 1 male and 1 female paratype—UMMZ (BMOC-15-1028-002), 1 male and 1 female paratype—IMUCR. Additional material. 7 males and 10 females (ZISP 6432–6448), same collection data as for the type material, except date, 5 August 2009. Description. MALE (holotype, range for 7 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma, length × width, 240 (240– 250) × 130 (120–130), length of hysterosoma 150 (145–160). Prodorsal shield: antero-lateral extensions rounded, lateral margins entire, posterior margin straight, posterior angles roughly rounded, length 80 (80–82), width 100 (90–100), surface without ornamentation, setae ve rudimentary (Fig.52 A). Scapular setae se separated by 53 (52– 54). Humeral shields well developed, fused with epimerites III, encompassing bases of setae cp. Setae c2 on narrow anteromedial extensions of humeral shields. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate, 17 (15–18) × 5 (4.5–5). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin straight anterior angles nearly right-angular, length 150 (145–150), width at anterior margin 93 (90–100), surface without ornamentation. Supranal concavity opened terminally, anterior end extending to midlevel between setae e1 and e2, length 38 (35–40). Posterior margin of opisthosoma between setae h2 slightly concave, shaped as blunt angle. Terminal lamellae narrow, tongue-shaped, not overlapping, with pennate venation; length 31 (26–32), maximal width 12 (12–13). Distances between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 55 (50–55), d2:e2 64 (60–65), e2:h3 33 (32–35), d1:d2 22 (20–25), e1: e2 28 (26–28), h1:h3 13 (13–15), h2:h2 47 (45–50), h3:h3 31 (30–32), ps2:ps2 62 (60–62). Epimerites I fused into a narrow U, without lateral extensions. Setae 4b situated at level of inner tips of epimerites IIIa. Epimerites IVa well developed, extending to and encompassing bases of setae 4a. Genital arch long and narrow, 38 (36–38) in length, 22 (20–22) in width, its base situated at midlevel of trochanters IV. Genital organ shaped as large and thin hook curved immediately rearward from genital arch apex, 39 (38–40) in length, 7 (6.5– 7.5) in width at base (in exactly frontal position it looks sword-shaped, Figs. 52 B, 54A, B), extending to level of genital arch base; genital sheath monotonously tapering apically, extending to apex of aedeagus. Setae 4a at level of anterior one third of genital arch apex. Pregenital apodeme absent. Genital papillae of each side on small elongated plate (rudimentary paragenital apodemes), not touching at bases. Opisthogastric shield H-shaped, transverse bridge narrow, without incisions; anterior branches adjoining to genital arch with long and acute lateral extensions; lateral margins convex; posterior branches long attenuate, slightly curved medially, flanking anal field from anterior and lateral sides. Accessory sclerites reniform. Postanal sclerites present, bow-shaped, encompassing adanal suckers postero-laterally. Setae g and ps3 filiform, their bases arranged in low trapezium, setae g on anterior margin of transverse bridge, setae ps3 on lateral parts of opisthogastric shield; distances between these setae: g:g 7 (7–9), g:ps3 3 (3–4.5), ps3:ps3 29 (28–31). Distance from genital arch apex to setae ps1 106 (104–110). Adanal suckers cylindrical, 14 (13–15) in length, 10 (10–12) in width apically; corolla with 8–10 small denticles on anterior part, posterior part smooth. Femora I, II with ventral crest. Solenidion σ 1 I slightly shorter than genu I, situated at midlevel of segment (Fig. 54 C, D), solenidion σ III situated closer to distal margin of genu III. Tarsus IV 22 (22–25) long, button-like seta d situated in proximal half of this segment, button-like seta e with minute nipple (Fig. 54 E). Solenidion φ IV extending to midlevel of ambulacral disc. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 40 (38–42), σ III 21 (20–21) φ IV 0 0 0 (35–37). FEMALE (range for 9 paratypes). Idiosoma, length × width, 380–390 × 150–160, length of hysterosoma 265– 275. Prodorsal shield: shape and surface as in males, length 100–105, width 120–125. Scapular setae se separated by 70-75. Scapular shields narrow. Humeral shields fused with epimerites III, encompassing bases of setae cp. Setae c2 on anterior end of humeral shields. Subhumeral setae c3 narrowly lanceolate, 20–22 × 5–6. Lobar region of opisthosoma distinctly separated from remaining part of hysterosoma, hysteronotal shield split dorsally into anterior and lobar parts by narrow transverse furrow and remains connected ventro-laterally by narrow sclerotized bands. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 210–215 in length, 110–115 in width, anterior margin straight, posterior margin slightly concave with a pair of small extensions bearing setae h1, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 53 A). Lobar shield entire, 60–65 in length, 80–85 in width, anterior margin with shallow median concavity. Opisthosomal lobes relatively short, their length approximately equal to width at base. Terminal cleft narrow U-shaped, 32–34 in length, 16–18 in width at midlevel. Setae h1 situated on posterior margin of anterior hysteronotal shield, on small extensions. Setae ps1 on lateral margins of terminal cleft, close to level of lobar apices. Setae h2 enlarged in basal part, approximately half the length of terminal appendages, 70–75 long; setae h3 38–40 long, about 1/4 of terminal appendages. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 74–78, d2:e2 85–100, e2:h2 60–66, h2:h 3 25–28, d1:d2 33–38, e1: e2 32–35, h1:h 2 28–30, h2:ps 1 23–25, h1:h1 38–44, h2:h2 70–72. Epimerites I shaped as in males, with very thin connecting commissure. Epimerites IVa small. Epigynum semicircular, tips not extending to level of anterior genital papillae, lateral extensions absent, length 38–42, greatest width 64–68. Genital papillae situated on small ovate plates (Fig. 53 B). Genital setae g anterior to level of setae 3a. Translobar apodemes wide, connected each other anterior to terminal cleft. Setae ps2 situated at level of posterior end of anal opening. Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 44–50, ps3:ps 3 18–21, ps2:ps 3 31–33.Flaps of anal opening not protruding into terminal cleft. Copulatory opening large, with sclerotized margin, covered with posterior ends of anal opening flaps. Head of spermatheca simple cone-like; distal part of primary spermaduct near copulatory opening with large ovate enlargement 31–36 × 20–22; secondary spermaducts extremely short, 2–3 long (Fig. 54 F). Legs I, II as in males. Solenidion σ III situated in basal half of genu III. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae f2. Length of solenidia: σ 1 I 15–16, σ III 7–9, φ III 34 –36, φ IV 20–22. Differential diagnosis. As with the previous species, Proctophyllodes vesicularis sp. n. belongs to the thraupis species group in having, in males, the genital arch narrow and the opisthogastric shield with a narrow anterior incision and with claw-shaped posterior branches. Among the three species previously known in this group, P. vesicularis is most similar to P. thraupis Atyeo and Braasch, 1966 and P. megathraupis Atyeo and Braasch, 1966 in having the opisthogastric shield with convex lateral margins and claw-shaped posterior branches in males. Males of P. vesicularis differ from P. thraupis and P. megathraupis by the following features: the terminal lamellae are shorter and narrower, 26–32 × 12–13 µm (vs. 42 × 22 µm in P. thraupis and 80 × 28 µm in P. megathraupis), the aedeagus extends to the level of the genital arch base (vs. distinctly extending beyond in P. thraupis and not extending in P. megathraupis), and epimerites IVa extend to setae 4a (vs. not extending in both the species). Females of P. vesicularis differ from those of P. thraupis (females of P. megathraupis are unknown) by the following features: the dorsal shields lack any ornamentation (vs. with numerous circular lacunae), the length of macrosetae h2 are half the length of the terminal appendages (vs. subequal in length), and the length of setae h3 are about 1/4 of the terminal appendages (vs. half the length or more). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from vesicle (L., little bladder) to refer to the ovate enlargement of the primary spermaduct in females.

Platyacarus sittasomi Hernandes, Valim and Mironov, 2007 Platyacarus sittasomi Hernandes et al. 2007: 2675, figs. 41–51. Material examined. 5 males and 4 females (ZISP 6415–6423) from Sittasomus griseicapillus (Vieillot, 1818) (Furnariidae), COSTA RICA, Tapantí National Park, Sector Tapantí, Cordillera de Talamanca Mts., 09°46'N, 83°47'W, 2 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek; 10 males and 5 females (ZISP 6166– 6181), same host, COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10°46'N, 85°18'W, 800 m, 21 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. This species was previously known only from the type host, Sittasomus griseicapillus, in Brazil (Hernandes et al. 2007). This is the first report of Platyacarus sittasomi from this host in Costa Rica., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Hernandes, F. A., Valim, M. P. & Mironov, S. V. (2007) Four new species and one new genus of the feather mite subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae) from Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 41, 2653 - 2681. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701644718"]}

Genus Atrichophyllodes Valim, Hernandes and Mironov, 2007 Type species: Atrichophyllodes delalandi Hernandes, Valim and Mironov, 2007, by original designation. Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Moderately elongated proctophyllodines. Prodorsal shield covering nearly the entire prodorsum, with antero-lateral extensions, and rounded posterior angles. Vertical setae vi rudimentary, represented by alveoli. Scapular setae si and se situated on prodorsal shield and arranged in transverse line. Humeral shields well-developed dorsally, encompassing bases of setae c2 and cp. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate. Epimerites I free, bow-shaped, with posterior ends slightly divergent. Hysteronotal setae d2 and e2 absent. Solenidion ��1 of genu I slightly longer than solenidion ��3 of tarsus I. Tarsi I, II with 3 ventral setae, setae wa anterior to setae la and ra on these tarsi. Segments of legs I and II without processes or other modifications. MALE. Hysteronotal shield covering almost all hysterosoma. Opisthosoma wide, opisthosomal lobes short and wide; posterior margin of lobes with semicircular terminal lamellae, striated or punctated dorsally. Supranal concavity well expressed. Setae h3 shorter than macrosetae h2. Setae h1 anterior to the level of setae ps2. Coxal fields I���IV open, without extensive sclerotized areas. Genital organ at level of trochanters IV; genital arch wide and low, aedeagus in sheath approximately twice as long as genital arch. Adanal shields present, variable in form, situated between adanal suckers and setae ps3, connected each other anterior to anal opening or free. Genital papillae situated at level of genital arch apex, surrounded by ovate plates or these plates absent. Pregenital and paragenital apodemes absent. Adanal apodemes present or absent. Opisthoventral shields poorly developed. Adanal suckers cylindrical, corolla dentate. Legs III and IV subequal, not hypertrophied. Tarsus IV without apical claw-like process, with or without ventral extension, modified setae d and e button-like. FEMALE. Lobar region of opisthosoma clearly separated from remaining part of hysterosoma, opisthosomal lobes well developed, with terminal appendages. Anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields separated by narrow band of striated tegument. Lobar shield entire or split longitudinally. Supranal concavity absent. Macrosetae h2 thickened basally, with filiform apex. Epigynum large, semicircular or horseshoe-shaped. Translobar apodemes present, fused with each other anterior to terminal cleft or free. Copulatory opening terminal or subterminal. Legs III and IV subequal in size; segments without modifications; solenidia �� of tibiae III and IV subequal or solenidion �� IV noticeably shorter. Hosts. Thamnophilidae, Tyrannidae. Remark. The genus Atrichophyllodes is close to Nycteridocaulus, in particular, by the form of the opisthosomal lobes, the terminal lamellae and the shape of the genital apparatus in males. It is readily differentiated from that genus by the lack of lateral idiosomal setae d2 and e 2 in both sexes. The genus previously included three species (Hernandes et al. 2007; Hernandes 2014). One new species is described herein., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Hernandes, F. A., Valim, M. P. & Mironov, S. V. (2007) Four new species and one new genus of the feather mite subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae) from Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 41, 2653 - 2681. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701644718"]}

Key to Nycteridocaulus species (Males) 1. Opisthosomal lobes bearing long leaf-like terminal lamellae....................................................2 - Opisthosomal lobes bearing short terminal lamellae with smooth or dentate posterior margin.......................... 3 2. Apices of terminal lamellae attenuate, pregenital apodemes absent (Figs. 34 A, B, 36A)............ N. attila Mironov sp. n. - Apices of terminal lamellae widely rounded, pregenital apodemes fused into H-shaped sclerite...... N. foliatus Atyeo, 1966 3. Posterior margin of terminal lamellae pectinate, each with 10–12 spines; adanal shields wide and encircling anal field from anterior and lateral sides........................................................... N. pectinatus Atyeo, 1966 - Posterior margin of terminal lamellae edentate, adanal shields situated anterior to adanal suckers.......................4 4. Opisthosoma with two elongated lobes separated by large U-shaped terminal cleft about 55 µm long and 30 µm wide, setae e2 situated ventrally.................................................................. N. bilobatus Atyeo, 1966 - Opisthosoma with short and wide lobes; terminal cleft small, not longer than 30 µm, setae e2 situated dorsally............5 5. Opisthosoma widened posteriorly, with lateral semi-ovate extensions bearing bases of macrosetae h2; setae f2 and ps2 situated ventrally.............................................................................................6 - Opisthosoma slightly attenuate posteriorly, setae f2 and рs2 situated laterally......................................8 6. Width of opisthosoma at level of lateral extension bearing setae h2 subequal to its width at level of setae e2, setae h1 approximately at level of setae h2 (Fig. 28 A, B)............................................ N. platyrinchi Mironov sp. n. - Opisthosoma at level of lateral extension much wider than at level of setae e2 and roughly shaped as fish-tail, setae h1 situated at level of anterior end of supranal concavity................................................................7 7. Pregenital apodemes absent, setae 4a on soft tegument, terminal cleft extending to level of setae h3...................................................................................................... N. laticlunis Atyeo, 1966 - Pregenital apodemes present and fused into H-shaped sclerite, setae 4a on pregenital apodemes, terminal cleft extends to level of setae h2 (Figs. 31 A, B, 33A)...................................................... N. ketourus Mironov sp. n. 8. Terminal lamellae rounded, nearly semicircular, adanal shields distant from each other..............................9 - Terminal lamellae truncated, roughly rectangular, adanal shields touching each other anterior to anal opening.......... 10 9. Entire surface of prodorsal and hysteronotal shields with large circular lacunae, genital arch almost semicircular, adanal shields represented by two pairs of sclerites, setae ps3 situated on postero-mesal pair (Figs. 25 A, B, 27A)................................................................................................... N. hylophylax Mironov sp. n. - Prodorsal and hysteronotal shields without ornamentation, genital arch shaped as recurved bow, adanal shields represented by one pair of postero-mesal sclerites, setae ps3 situated off adanal shields........................ N. lamellus Atyeo, 1966 10. Entire surface of prodorsal and hysteronotal shields with large circular lacunae up to 10 µm in diameter................ 11 - Hysteronotal shields with lacunae minute and sparsely distributed, prodorsal shield with the same ornamentation or without it................................................................................................... 13 11. Small pregenital apodemes shaped as small plates of irregular form present anterior to setae 4a; setae h1 situated posterior to level of setae ps2, terminal cleft not extending to level of setae h2............................. N. tyranni Atyeo, 1966 - Pregenital apodemes absent, setae h1 situated anterior to level of setae ps2, terminal cleft extending to level of setae h2...12 12. Adanal shields entire, thick L-shaped, anterior angles of opisthoventral shields at level of setae ps3, terminal lamellae 5–6 µm long (Figs. 16 A, B, 18A)........................................................ N. leptopogoni Mironov sp. n. - Antero-lateral pieces of of adanal shields connected to corresponding postero-mesal pieces by thin commissure or separated from them, anterior angles of opisthoventral shields extending distinctly beyond level of setae ps3, terminal lamellae 10–11 µm long (Figs. 19 A, B, 21A)....................................................... N. myiobius Mironov sp. n. 13. Antero-lateral pieces of adanal shields circular, free or connected by thin commissure to corresponding postero-mesal pieces; setae 4b situated off sclerotized fields of epimerites IIIa, rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa absent (Figs 22 A, B, 24A)......................................................................................... N. myioborus Mironov sp. n. - Adanal shields entire, thick L-shaped, setae 4b situated on sclerotized areas around tips of epimerites IIIa, rudimentary sclerites rEpIIa present.......................................................... N. guaratubensis Hernandes, 2014 (Females; unknown in N. foliatus and N. laticlunis) 1. Lobar shield split longitudinally, terminal cleft trapezoidal, in distal portion wider than long....... N. lamellus Atyeo, 1966 - Lobar shield entire, terminal cleft longer than wide...........................................................2 2. Terminal cleft large rectangular, 40–45 µm in width (Fig. 26 A, B)........................ N. hylophylax Mironov sp. n. - Terminal cleft narrow, not wider than 25 µm................................................................3 3. Strongly enlarged proximal part of primary spermaduct about half the total length of spermaduct, setae h3 subequal in length to terminal appendages............................................................... N. pectinatus Atyeo, 1966 - Enlarged proximal part of primary spermaduct not longer than ¼ of its total length, setae h3 not exceeding 2/3 the length of ter- minal appendages.....................................................................................4 4. Anterior margin of lobar shield sinuous, with small and rounded median extension..................................5 - Anterior margin of lobar shield with a pair of small triangular or slit-like incisions..................................8 5. Entire surface of prodorsal and anterior hysteronotal shields with large circular lacunae up to 10 µm in diameter (Fig. 20 A, B)............................................................................... N. myiobius Mironov sp. n. - Prodorsal and anterior hysteronotal shields without lacunae, or scarcely distinct minute lacunae present on anterior hysterono- tal shield........................................................................................... 6. 6. Terminal cleft approximately 2 times longer than wide at midlevel, setae h2 longer than terminal appendages................................................................................................ N. tyranni Atyeo, 1966 - Terminal cleft narrow, 4–6 times longer than wide at midlevel, setae h2 not exceeding the length of terminal appendages.. 7. 7. Primary spermaduct with short cone-shaped enlargement at head of spermatheca about 12 µm long and 6 µm wide (Fig. 36 G).................................................................................. N. attila Mironov sp. n. - Primary spermaduct monotonously enlarging toward the head of spermatheca (Fig. 30 E)..... N. platyrhynchi Mironov sp. n. 8. Entire surface of prodorsal and anterior hysteronotal shields with large circular lacunae up to 10 µm in diameter (Fig. 17 A).............................................................................. N. leptopogoni Mironov sp. n. - Prodorsal and anterior hysteronotal shields without lacunae, or minute lacunae present on anterior hysteronotal shield..... 9. 9. Incisions in anterior margin of lobar shield narrow slit-like (Fig. 23 A)..................... N. myioborus Mironov sp. n. - Incisions in anterior margin of lobar shield triangular....................................................... 10. 10. Primary spermaduct monotonously enlarging toward the head of spermatheca................... N. bilobatus Atyeo, 1966 - Primary spermaduct with ampuliform enlargement at head of spermatheca approximately equal in length to secondary sperma- ducts............................................................................................. 11. 11. Epigynum extending to level of setae g, several large circular lacunae arranged in two longitudinal rows present in posterior part of anterior hysteronotal shield............................................. N. guaratubensis Hernandes, 2014 - Epigynum not extending to level of setae g, large circular lacunae on anterior hysteronotal shield absent (Fig. 32 A, B)..................................................................................... N. ketourus Mironov sp. n.

Species group oligolaccius Diagnosis. Both sexes. Setae f2 absent, prodorsal shield entire, prodorsal and hysteronotal shields with or without lacunae. Male. Adanal suckers toothed, adanal shields represented by 2 pairs of sclerites, adanal apodemes absent, epimerites I fused into a narrow U or V, terminal lamellae short tongue-shaped, aedeagus not extending beyond adanal suckers. Female. Primary spermaduct short, with or without proximal enlargement, head of spermatheca small U-shaped. Remark. The group consists of 5 species, including 2 species described herein., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212

Species group caulifer Diagnosis. Both sexes. Setae f2 absent, prodorsal shield entire, hysteronotal shield with lacunae, prodorsal shield with or without lacunae. Male. Adanal suckers with corolla dentate, only postero-mesal pair of adanal shields present, epimerites I fused into a Y, adanal apodemes present, terminal lamellae long spatuliform (3–4 times longer than wide), aedeagus extending beyond posterior margins of opisthosomal lobes. Female. Primary spermaduct short, with monotonous proximal enlargement from middle of spermaduct toward spermatheca and with distal enlargement (bursa copulatrix) constituting half the length of this spermaduct, head of spermatheca small hemispheric. Remark. This new species group includes the single species described below.

Anisophyllodes pipromorphae Atyeo, 1967 (Figs. 40���42) Anisophyllodes pipromorphae Atyeo, 1967a: 467, figs. 1���6. Material examined. 7 males and 15 females (ZISP 6214���6235) from Mionectes oleagineus (Lichtenstein MHK, 1823) (Tyrannidae) (type host), COSTA RICA, Rinc��n de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10��46'N, 85��18'W, 20 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek; 1 males and 9 females (ZISP 6236���6245) from Mionectes olivaceus Lawrence (Tyrannidae), same location data, 20 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek; 6 males and 8 females (ZISP 6373���6386) from M. olivaceus, COSTA RICA, Tapant�� National Park, Sector Tapant��, Cordillera de Talamaca Mts., 09��46���N, 83��47���W, 31 July 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek; 4 males and 9 females (ZISP 6496���6508) from M. olivaceus, same location data and collectors, 8 August 2009. All collected males are homeomorphs. Description. HOMEOMORPH MALE (range for 7 specimens from Mionectes oleagineus). Idiosoma, length �� width, 280���295 �� 150���155, length of hysterosoma 175���190. Prodorsal shield: antero-lateral extensions rounded, lateral margins entire, posterior angles unevenly indented, posterior margin with a pair of shallow concavities, surface with numerous ovate and circular lacunae up to 5 in diameter, length along midline 102���108, width at posterior margin 115���120). Setae ve rudimentary. Scapular setae se separated by 75���80. Setae c2 on antero-mesal angles of humeral shields. Setae cp on humeral shield. Setae c3 lanceolate, 16���18 �� 5���5.5. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields along midline 7���15. Hysteronotal shield: 180���185 in length, 115���125) in width; anterior margin slightly concave; anterior angles roughly rectangular, surface with numerous ovate and circular lacunae (Fig. 40 A). Setae c1 on anterior margin of hysteronotal shield. Opisthosoma slightly narrowed terminally, opisthosomal lobes short triangular, with acute membranous apices. Terminal cleft short blunt-angular, with narrow membranous margin, extending to level of setae h2, length from anterior end to lobar apices 12���14. Supranal concavity distinct, represented by narrow longitudinal groove enlarged anteriorly, 15���20 long. Setae h2 situated on oblique rounded lateral extensions of opisthosoma, setae h3 on small angular extension near lobar apices, setae h1 at level of anterior end of supranal concavity; setae ps1 approximately at level of setae h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 67���75, d2:e2 70���75, e2:h 3 27���37, h2:h2 58���62, h3:h3 40���43, ps2:ps2 73���75, h1:h 3 22 ���25, d1:d 2 22���24, e1:e 2 27���33. Epimerites I free, close to each other, posterior tips divergent; epimerites I, II with narrow sclerotized fields; epimerites IVa rudimentary (Fig. 40 B). Rudimentary sclerite rEpIIa present. Genital arch of moderate size, arch apex at midlevel of trochanters IV, 22���25 in length and 42���44 in width. Aedeagus dagger-like, 20���23 in length, reaching level of genital arch base (Fig. 42 A, B). Genital papillae on small ovate plates at level of genital arch apex. Distance from genital arch apex to bases of setae h3 92���95. Pregenital apodemes represented by a pair of longitudinal sclerites situated between tips of epimerites IIIa and genital apparatus, their posterior ends connected by transverse bridge; setae 4a on posterior ends of these apodemes, setae 4b on inner tips of epimerites IIIa. Distance between ventral setae: 3a:4b 10���12, 4b:4a 30���33, 4a:g 35���38, g:g 12���15, g:ps 3 22���25, ps3:ps 3 20���23, ps3:h3 35���40. Adanal suckers 10���11 in diameter, corolla with unequal indentation: one large denticle on anterior margin, two large denticles and two small denticles on posterior margin. Adanal shields situated anterolateral to adanal suckers, represented by a pair of longitudinal sclerites with a short extension on their inner margins, setae ps3 situated mesal to each of these sclerites. Femora I, II with ventral crest. Solenidion ��1 of genu I subequal in length to this segment and situated at its midlevel (Fig. 42 C, D). Solenidion �� of genu III situated at midlevel of segment. Legs IV slightly thicker than legs III, with ambulacral disc extending beyond the level of lobar apices. Setae d, f of tarsi II, III subequal in length. Tarsus IV 22���24 long, with short claw-like apicoventral process; modified setae d, e button like, seta d slightly closer to apex of segment than to its base, solenidion �� IV extending to midlevel of ambulacral discs (Fig. 42 E, F). Length of solenidia: ��1 I 22���25, �� III 8���12, �� IV 32 ���35. FEMALE (range for 10 specimens from M. oleagineus). Idiosoma, length �� width, 390���410 �� 155���170, length of hysterosoma 280���290. Prodorsal shield: shape and ornamentation as in male, 110���118 in length and 125���140 in width. Setae ve rudimentary. Setae se separated by 82���88. Setae c2 on antero-mesal angles of humeral shields. Setae cp set on humeral shields. Setae c3 lanceolate, 17���20 �� 5���6.5. Prodorsal and hysteronotal shields almost touching. Hysteronotal shield completely split into anterior and lobar shields. Anterior hysteronotal shield: 200��� 210 in length and 125���135 in width; anterior margin straight, anterior angles acute, posterior margin with shortened wide median extension and a pair of shallow concavities, entire surface with numerous circular and ovate lacunae up to 8 in diameter; size of lacunae increases to posterior part of this shield (Fig. 41 A). Setae c1 on anterior margin of hysteronotal shield. Lobar region: greatest length 82���90, greatest width 92���98. Terminal cleft as a narrow inverted U, slightly divergent posteriorly, 62���65 in length and 10���17 in width in anterior part. Anterior margin of lobar shield with short and truncate median extension and with a pair of incisions. Supranal concavity indistinct. Setae h1 inserted on soft tegument between anterior hysteronotal and lobar shields. Setae h2 strongly thickened basally, with filiform apical filament, 85���105 long, 6.5���7.5 wide, slightly shorter than terminal appendages; setae h3 70���80 long, about 2/3 of terminal appendages. Setae h1 and f 2 in trapezoidal arrangement. Setae ps1 approximately equidistant from levels of setae h2 and h3. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 77���87, d2:e2 105��� 115, e2:h2 37���45, h2:h3 37���40, h1:h2 35���37, d1:d 2 27���37, e1:e2 52���60, h1:h 1 22���27, h2:h2 77���80, h2:ps 1 20��� 23. Epimerites I, II as in male, with narrow sclerotized fields. Epimerites IVa large triangular. Epigynum horseshoe-shaped, thick, length 52���58, greatest width 70���80, posterior tips fused with inner ends of epimerites IIIa, traces of fusion distinct (Fig. 41 B). Genital papillae of each side situated on small ovate plate extending to bases of setae g. Setae ps2 at middle of anal opening. Translobar apodemes not fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Copulatory opening ventral, situated near anterior end of terminal cleft. Head of spermatheca short, poorly sclerotized; primary spermaduct without enlargements; secondary spermaducts 30���35 long (Fig. 42 G). Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2:ps2 47���50, ps3:ps 3 20���25, ps2:ps 3 10���13. Legs I, II as male. Legs IV with ambulacral disc extending to level of setae h2. Solenidion �� 1 I about 1.5 times longer than genu I and situated at midlevel of this segment. Solenidion �� of genu III in basal part of this segment. Setae d and f of tarsi II���IV subequal in length. Solenidion �� of tibia IV slightly shorter than corresponding tarsus. Length of solenidia: ��1 I 27���32, �� III 12���17, �� III 45 ���47, �� IV 27���30. Remark. Anisophyllodes pipromorphae, the type species of the genus Anisophyllodes, was originally described from heteromorph and homeomorph males from Mionectes oleagineus (Tyrannidae) from Trinidad (Atyeo 1967a), while its female remained unknown. This species displays several unique morphological characteristics within the family Proctophyllodidae. It is one of rarest cases with two discretely different forms of males. The only other case known in this family is represented by the monobasic genus Ptyctophyllodes Atyeo, 1967. Additionally, females of A. pipromorphae, described herein, have the epigynum fused with the tips of epimerites IIIa (Fig. 41 B). This morphological feature is the main and unconditional diagnostic characteristic of the subfamily Pterodectinae (Park & Atyeo 1971a; Gaud & Atyeo 1996). No doubt, this character state arose independently in A. pipromorphae and the subfamily Pterodectinae. In this unique proctophyllodine species, the junction between the epigynum and the inner tips of the epimerites remains clearly visible, while in pterodectines, these sclerites form an integrated keyhole-shaped structure without any traces of fusion., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on pages 71-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. (1967 a) Two new feather mite genera with polymorphic males (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 40, 465 - 471.","Park, C. K. & Atyeo, W. T. (1971 a) A generic revision of the Pterodectinae, a new subfamily of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Analgoidea). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 9, 39 - 88.","Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W. T. (1996) Feather mites of the World (Acarina, Astigmata): the supraspecific taxa. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques, 277 (Part 1 & 2), 1 - 193 (text) & 1 - 436 (illustrations)."]}

Nycteridocaulus pectinatus Atyeo, 1966 Nycteridocaulus pectinatus Atyeo, 1966a: 486, figs. 9–13. Material examined. 9 males and 9 females (ZISP 6269–6286) from Tolmomyias sulphurescens (von Spix, 1825) (Tyrannidae), COSTA RICA, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Cordillera de Guanacaste Mts., 10°46’N, 85°18’N; 16 August 2009, collectors I. Literak, O. Sychra and M. Capek. Nycteridocaulus pectinatus is a remarkable species within the genus Nycteridocaulus in having a unique structure of terminal lamellae in males, which are strongly indented and resemble a hair comb. The species was previously known from Tolmomyias flaviventris (zu Wied-Neuwied) (Tyrannidae) in Trinidad (Atyeo 1966a). This is the first finding of this species in Costa Rica, and Tolmomyias sulphurescens is a new host species record for this mite., Published as part of Mironov, Sergey V., Literak, Ivan, Sychra, Oldrich & Capek, Miroslav, 2017, Feather mites of the subfamily Proctophyllodinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Costa Rica, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 4297 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4297.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/840212, {"references":["Atyeo, W. T. (1966 a) A new genus and six new species of feather mites primarily from Tyranni (Acarina: Proctophyllodidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 39, 481 - 492."]}

The article describes a new species of the feather mite subfamily Pterodectinae from the Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra Temminck, 1826 (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae) in India. Pedanodectes angustilobus sp. n. differs from all known Pedanodectes species byopisthosomal lobes short, at base wider than long, roughly rounded apically in males, and strongly elongated and narrowed lobar region with wide terminal appendages in females. A key to species of the genus Pedanodectes is presented.