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Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's analysis of minor literature, deterritorialization and agrammaticality, this article explores the possibility of a 'minor poetry', considering various interpretations of the term, and interrogating the value of the distinction between minor poetry and minor literature. The article considers Bakhtin's work, which offers several parallels to Deleuze and Guattari's in its consideration of the language system and the place of literature within it, but which also addresses questions of genre. It pursues Christian Prigent's hypothesis, in contrast to Bakhtin's account of poetic discourse, that Deleuze and Guattari's notion of deterritorialization might offer a definition of poetic language. Considering the work of two French-language poets, Ghérasim Luca and Olivier Cadiot, the article argues that the term 'minor poetry' gains an additional relevance for experimental twentieth-century poetry which grapples with its own generic identity, deterritorializing established conceptions of poetry, and making 'minor' the major poetic discourses on which it is contingent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Specters of Marx, Derrida suggests that a non-revolutionary — 'spectral' — Marxism could alleviate a contemporary crisis in imagining the future in the late twentieth century. This 'presentist' crisis results from the collapse of Communism and the alleged triumph of neoliberal democracy, and leaves a dubious choice between neoliberal consensus and potential totalitarianism. This article outlines Derrida's call to a messianic wait for the singularity of an always-arriving future-to-come, and suggests that it provides an entry into the post-nuclear universe of Antoine Volodine's Minor Angels, where a non-linear plot centres on the ghost of a failed Marxist revolutionary and its return. Outlining how Minor Angels creates a spectral temporality which undercuts both aspirations to a 'radiant future' and a stagnant present, this article argues that, read alongside, Derrida and Volodine sketch out a democratic future to come that gestures towards an alternative to presentism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores how the image of the Chief of Police dressed as a giant phallus is the often overlooked and misconstrued key to the interpretation of Jean Genet's canonical play The Balcony (1956). Drawing on, but also moving beyond, the invaluable readings of Alain Badiou and Jacques Lacan in their respective seminars, it argues that the motif of the Chief's costume condenses the play's insightful, and more relevant than ever, examination of the functioning of ideology in the visible world. Genet's play is a theatrical allegory for ideology's workings at a historical juncture when spontaneous identification with, and therefore allegiance to, traditional authority figures is no longer possible as it presumably once was. A proper appreciation of the comedic moment of the play sheds ironic light on its final vision of conservative restoration, generating precious insights about the workings of contemporary power and the renaissance of authoritarianism at the twilight of the liberal era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interview with the contemporary French philosopher Catherine Malabou explores Malabou's central concept of 'plasticity' across the interdisciplinary contexts through which it is elaborated, including continental philosophy, neuroscience, genetics and literature, among other domains. In particular, the interview maps how the concept of plasticity has developed most recently in response to new innovations in technology, informatics and artificial intelligence; how the concept proposes a methodology to other researchers and practitioners seeking to explore the transformability and mutability of their own areas; the emotional and affective terrain of self-exploration proposed by a philosophy of plasticity; and avenues for engagements with the concept in practical, clinical settings. Navigating a concept as mutable as it is multiple, the interview is guided by the central question: what should we do with plasticity? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the accounts of politics found in the work of Adriana Cavarero and Jacques Rancière. It argues that when Cavarero offers a formal account of politics she thinks politics with Hannah Arendt and thus falls foul of Rancière's critique of Arendt. However, Cavarero offers the sense of another account of politics in her reading of Penelope in In Spite of Plato, one that not only avoids Rancière's critique but demonstrates the limits of Rancière's own account of politics. Cavarero makes tangible a sense of a politics indifferent to extant orders, something that is difficult to discern in Rancière given his insistence that politics makes visible forms of existence that could not otherwise be seen, said or heard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Encyclopedia of the Inexact Sciences brings together Raymond Queneau's research into an idiosyncratic canon of nineteenth-century works, each written by what he variously refers to as a 'literary lunatic' (fou littéraire) or a 'heteroclite.' For Queneau, the work of such an author is discernible less by its subject matter than the discursive position it speaks from: not only does it have no precedent, but so atypical is its standing with respect to the standards of its given field that it cannot be responded to, even provisionally. Hence the guiding principle of The Encyclopedia: 'A "fou littéraire" has neither masters nor disciples.' The body of discourse that takes shape on this basis is drawn upon to more than one end across Queneau's œuvre, but nowhere more ambitiously than in his novel Children of Clay (1938), where it becomes a device for examining the capacities and conditions underwriting the literary object and its institutions. Another of Queneau's discursive experiments in this period, conceived alongside Jean Paulhan, can be understood as a counterpart to The Encyclopedia: as literary editors at Gallimard, they envisaged a collection that would gather together in a single volume the mass of works rejected by the publisher. Bringing this apparently extrinsic, discarded element into circulation would have significant consequences, Queneau argues, not least by exposing the practice of literature to a set of new contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In one of his late interviews, Alain Badiou acknowledges that his concept of the event can be traced back to Jean-Paul Sartre's notion of the group-in-fusion, presented in the Critique of Dialectical Reason as a momentous historical irruption that dissolves the serial existence of the masses. Given the lack of engagement with Sartre in Being and Event, the present essay attempts to account for this unexpected admission by arguing that Sartre figures as Badiou's silent partner in Theory of the Subject. The centrality of Sartre to Badiou's first major philosophical work is evident in the mobilization of the category of destruction to supplement the structural dialectic developed by Badiou's other master, Jacques Lacan. In so far as the mass movement is said to effectively destroy the space of placement by forcing the evental presentation of the real, Theory of the Subject pre-emptively contradicts Badiou's subsequent attempts to deny political status to the group-in-fusion. The present article thus concludes that the Sartrean group functions as a veritable cause that commences the subject-process constitutive of politics itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary prizes often determine eligibility in terms of nationality; this article posits that they also play a significant role in constructing national literatures. An analysis of the Carnegie Medal, the UK's oldest children's book award, and some of its competitors, including the Guardian Prize and Other Award demonstrates the tension between the desire to claim cultural value for children's literature and to construct a body of literature that represents the real and imagined community of the nation. In the UK, this tension appears most notably with regard to depictions of Black, Asian and minority ethnic Britons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's author and publishing entrepreneur Constancio C. Vigil was a Uruguayan who spent most of his working life in Argentina. He was best known for his children's magazine Billiken (1919 to present). Vigil's contemporary and compatriot Horacio Quiroga also made the move across the River Plate and went on to have a transformative impact on Argentine literary culture, in part through his Jungle Tales for Children (1924). Both Quiroga and Vigil aspired to have their works for children accepted as school reading books, recognising the role of school authorities in the formation of the national canon. Vigil and Quiroga's trajectories of inclusion and exclusion, and their extraordinary contribution to the Argentine and Latin American cultural landscape in the first half of the twentieth century, provide a window onto the curation of an Argentine national children's literature at the same time as challenging the very nature of such a category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a systematic content analysis of Milliyet Çocuk, a children's magazine published by a left-leaning publishing house in the politically polarised context of Turkey in the late 1970s. It outlines the socio-political and cultural context, defines Milliyet Çocuk's position in the structure of the publishing field and questions how a non-majority group made space for themselves in a nation's children's literature. The archival material used in this article has been collected for the course New Perspectives in Cultural History, taught by Prof. Cengiz Kırlı. My research is funded by the Swedish Institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From pre-Columbian times through to the twentieth century, Dominican children's literature has struggled to define itself due to pressures from outside forces such as imperialism and colonialism. This paper examines the socio-political contexts within Dominican history that determined the kind of literature available to children, which almost exclusively depicted a specific construction of indigeneity, European or Anglo-American characters and settings, in an effort to efface the country's African roots. After the Educational Reform of 1993 was instituted, however, there has been a promising change in the field, as Dominican writers are engaged in producing literature for young people that includes more accurate representations of Blackness and multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lullabies are essentially sung for their soothing nature but, as this article shows, they have other important functions. One of the most important of these is that lullabies may provide much-needed language stimulation with important long-term consequences for future learning. This paper begins the work of addressing the dearth of scholarly research on lullabies, especially in the Yoruba (Nigeria: Niger-Congo) culture. It looks at the range of themes, dictions, and prosody that are intertwined to reveal Yoruba beliefs and world-views about children, starting with their time in the womb. The study uses a descriptive survey method to analyse data collected through participant observation. It shows that Yoruba lullabies not only offer insights into Yoruba cultural beliefs but also depend greatly on figurative expression and prosodic systems. These rich literary qualities identify lullabies as the earliest sub-genre of children's poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews four major Chinese animated adaptations based on the classic Journey to the West. It shows how these adaptations, spanning four historical phases of modern China, encapsulate changes in Chinese national identity. Close readings underpin a developmental narrative about how Chinese animated adaptations of this canonical text strive to negotiate the multimodal expressions of homegrown folklore traditions, technical influences of western animation, and domestic political situations across time. This process has identified aesthetic dilemmas around adaptations that oscillate between national allegory and individual destiny, verisimilitude and the fantastic quest for meaning. In particular, the subjectivisation of Monkey King on the screen, embodying the transition from primitivistic impulse, youthful idealism and mature practicality up to responsible stewardship, presents how an iconic national figure encapsulates the real historical time of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of curatorial processes used to develop children's literature digital research projects in the bibliographic database AustLit. Through AustLit's emphasis on contextualising individual works within cultural, biographical, and critical spaces, Australia's literary history is comprehensively represented in a unique digital humanities space. Within AustLit is BlackWords, a project dedicated to recording Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander storytelling, publishing, and literary cultural history, including children's and young adult texts. Children's literature has received significant attention in AustLit (and BlackWords) over the last decade through three projects that are documented in this paper. The curation of this data highlights the challenges in presenting 'national' literatures in countries where minority voices were (and perhaps continue to be) repressed and unseen. This paper employs a 'resourceful reading' approach – both close and distant reading methods – to trace the complex and ever-evolving definition of 'Australian children's literature'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017 two objects carrying runic inscriptions that are identifiable as personal names were found. Both date to the ninth century; both are dithematic (compound) names. The object identified as a spoon or fork handle from Sedgeford in Norfolk bears a familiar male name, Biarnferð. This contains a runic graph hitherto unseen, which may, despite the provenance of the find, be interpreted as a representation of the diphthong ia that developed in the Kentish dialect by the middle of the ninth century. There is in fact a historically known individual of this name who witnessed a series of Canterbury charters in the mid-ninth century. The other object, a strap-end from Elsted in West Sussex, carries what can be identified from its final element, ‑flǣd, as a female name, although the whole name cannot be read. What is legible cannot be identified with any previously recorded personal name. Evaluation of these finds emphasizes how Anglo-Saxon runic writing practice continued to adapt to changes in the language and the regularization of roman-script literacy in the ninth century. Finally, the role of literacy within a nexus of cultural relationship involving individuals and artefacts is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a linguistic study of the copy of the Prick of Conscience in Oxford, St John's College, 57 (SJC). The principal aim is to determine the provenance of the text's scribal language. SJC was made by a professional scribe, also responsible for copying other popular contemporary works. These include manuscripts of the prose Brut Chronicle, some of the stories of the Canterbury Tales and the unique Tale of Beryn in Alnwick Castle, Duke of Northumberland, 455, the source of the designation of this scribe as the 'Beryn Scribe'. In LALME, only the language of the last-mentioned of this scribe's productions was analysed, and localised to South Essex. It has been assumed that the Essex localisation of Alnwick Castle 455 is valid for all this scribe's texts, including SJC, and that he was a 'consistent translator' into his own scribal dialect. Nevertheless, the language of SJC shows features whose distributions are not characteristic of Essex. The original Prick of Conscience was composed in Northern Middle English. The retention of a deal of Northern features in SJC casts doubt on the idea of its scribe as a 'consistent translator'. The exemplar used by the SJC scribe is unknown and was not necessarily written in the same variety as the original. Still, some information about it can be gleaned by comparing SJC's language with those of four other manuscripts to which it is closely related within the stemma of the Prick of Conscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the set of kinship terms in Middle English showed considerable influence from French. In the case of aunt and uncle, this accompanied major restructuring of the system of kinship terms, as the Old English set of four distinct terms for paternal and maternal uncles and aunts were replaced by just two terms for 'uncle' and 'aunt', regardless of whether paternal or maternal. In comparison, the words for 'grandfather' and 'grandmother' have attracted little attention, as their story has appeared simpler: Old English had words for 'grandfather' and 'grandmother', irrespective of whether paternal or maternal, and so did Middle English. The terms are also similar in structure, with native terms in which words for 'father' or 'mother' are the head and eald 'old' is the modifier (whether in a compound or a phrasal structure) being replaced by borrowed terms (grandsire, granddame) or hybrid terms (grandfather, grandmother) in which French grand 'big' is the modifier. This paper shows that behind this apparently simple story there lurk some significant complications which point to considerable disruption and instability in the terms for 'grandfather' and 'grandmother' in both Middle English and French (with interesting and perhaps significant parallels also in other West Germanic languages). Consideration of these complications also casts new light on early lexical borrowing into Middle English from Anglo-Norman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This corpus‑based paper explores the history and present status of the contrast between noun‑dependent that‑clauses and 'complex' gerunds containing their own subjects. With seven of the fifteen nouns under scrutiny, the emergence of the that‑clause either follows that of the gerund or the two complement types emerge at about the same time. This suggests that we will have to qualify the general assumption that since the eighteenth century English has promoted non‑finite subordinate clauses at the expense of finite ones. More crucially, with by far most of the nouns investigated, the that‑clause has gained much further ground over the last few centuries, with American English spearheading this development since the early nineteenth century. In line with the Complexity Principle, the grammatical environments favouring the more explicit that‑clause over the complex gerund include subject complexity and different types of structural discontinuity. Intriguingly, however, the easy‑to‑process there‑clause containing the nouns in question is also found to favour the that‑clause at the expense of the complex gerund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic injuries remain a leading health concern in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most LMICs have not established institutions that have the legislative mandate and financial resources necessary to coordinate large-scale interventions. Argentina provides a counterexample. Argentina is a federal country where the decentralization of authority to provincial governments was a key barrier to effective national interventions. In 2008, Argentina passed a law establishing a national road safety agency and subsequently received a World Bank loan to build the agency's capacity to coordinate actions. Although traffic injuries in Argentina have not yet begun to decline, these developments raise important questions:Why did Argentina come to view road safety as aproblem?Why was institutional reform the chosen solution? What was the political process for achieving reform? What are the broader implications for institutional reform in LMICs?We explore these questions using a descriptive case study (single-case, holistic design) of Argentina. The case illustrates that focusing events, like the Santa Fe tragedy that killed nine children, and advocacy groups are important for raising political attention and creating an opportunity for legislative reform. It highlights the importance of policy entrepreneurs who used the opportunity to push through new legislation. Though the political dynamic was predominantly local, international actors worked with local advocates to build demand for safety and develop solutions that could be deployed when the opportunity arose. Most important, the case emphasizes the importance of developing institutions with the resources and authority necessary for managing national road safety programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kenya currently lacks evidence on whether income in the informal sector is sustainable and predictable and therefore able to support financing of universal health coverage (UHC). This article demonstrates the financial potential of informal sector entities to sustainably finance UHC in Kenya. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire on the following topics: nature and sustainability of informal sector entities, indicators of financial potential, and socioeconomic status. Both descriptive and multivariate analyses were used. The findings indicate that income in the informal sector is generally low although investors in health/medical, stationery, entertainment, manufacturing and craft as well as transportation tend to have higher and more consistent incomes than most others in both sites. Mean monthly incomes ranged from 16.7 USD (lowest) to 786.5 USD (highest). The urban informal sector recorded higher mean monthly incomes of 195.8 USD compared to 77.9 USD in the rural area (P < 0.001). The most sustainable entities in the urban area included stationery (67%), repair and maintenance (50%), food vending (49%), shopkeeping (48%), and clothing and beauty products (43%). Farming (90%), manufacturing and craft (86%), and health/medical (100%) were the most sustainable in the rural area. Key predictors of sustainable informal sector entities include monthly expenditure patterns, gender, marital status, household structure, number of employees in an entity, and land ownership in the rural area and number of entities owned. Informal sector entities are mostly unsustainable, meaning that the majority of premium contributors will not be consistent in payment and will likely to require subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increased investments in procurement of essential medicines, their availability at health facilities remains extremely low in many low- and middle-income countries. The lack of a well-functioning supply chain for essential medicines is often the cause of this poor availability. Using a randomized trial conducted in 439 health facilities and 24 districts in Zambia, this study helps understand the optimal supply chain structure for essential medicines distribution in the public sector in low-income countries. It shows that a more direct distribution system where clinics order and receive medicines supply directly from the central agency through a cross-docking arrangement significantly reduces the duration and frequency of stockouts compared to a traditional three-level drug distribution system. As an example, the frequency of stockouts for first line pediatric malaria medicines reduced from 47.9% to 13.3% and the number of days of stockout in a quarter reduced from 27 days to 5 days. The direct flow of demand and order information from health facilities to the central supply agency reduces the problem of diffuse accountability that exists in multi-tiered distribution systems. It also shifts the locus of decision making for complex supply chain functions such as scarce stock allocation and adjustment of health facility order quantities to levels in the system where staff competency is aligned with what the function needs. Even when supply chain system redesign such as the one evaluated in this paper are demonstrated to be technically robust using rigorous evidence, they often require navigating a complex political economy within the overall health system and its actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Irish health care system is unusual within Europe in not providing universal, equitable access to either primary or acute hospital care.1 There are two main categories of entitlement to public health services. Those in Category I (medical card holders) are entitled to free public health services but pay a copayment for prescription items, 2 and those in Category II are entitled to subsidized public hospital services and prescription medicines, but pay the full cost of general practitioner.

The global response to the Ebola outbreak that occurred from 2013 to 2016 in West Africa (2014 West Africa Ebola Outbreak) was long-delayed in mobilizing the global health workforce and other material resources to reach the affected countries, was inflexible in adjusting to the dynamically changing situations, and took months to deliver funds from international donors. In particular, the World Health Organization (WHO), the leading agency against global disease outbreaks.

In 2014, Chile started a process to reform its private health insurance scheme. A commission was created and released a report with recommendations, but no changes have been introduced yet. This article analyzes that reform process. The analysis included document review and interviews with key stakeholders involved in the process. Results show that although the Commission failed in producing the intended changes, it contributed to opening the debate regarding the Chilean health system, making explicit the different positions on the issue. The analysis shows that the reform did not advance because of the lack of basic consensus on the Commission's role, scope, and main purpose among stakeholders. Previous reforms highlight the relevance of time and information in creating a successful reform process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The old saying that "a camel is a horse designed by committee" points out that when a group tries a collective approach to architecture or design, the results can be less than elegant. But the Global Fund's experience, making investments in health in more than 100 counties, suggests that such a collective approach has distinct advantages. Indeed, in many countries where the Global Fund invests, communities quite literally benefit from the resilience and dependability of a camel over the speed.

Digital health is having a profound effect on health systems, changing the balance of power between provider and patient, enabling new models of care, and shifting the focus of health systems toward client-centered health care within low- and middle-income countries. Though many of these changes are just being felt due to resistance by organizations and individuals reluctant to change the status quo, the explosive growth of digital technology globally means that these changes are inevitable. We can expect to see increasing use of telemedicine for remote diagnostics and treatment, protocol-driven health care to improve quality of care, and better access to goods and services through changes in the organization of transportation and delivery services. Data will become central to health systems, whether big data and artificial intelligence tools for surveillance, planning, and management or "personalized data" in the form of universal electronic record systems and customized treatment protocols. As with any disruptive innovation, the growth of digital health will also bring challenges, including who owns, controls, and manages the data being collected and how to maintain privacy and confidentiality in this data-rich world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

t was a sunny morning on a crowded street in central Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. A group of Paraguayan porters were standing around, talking in Guaraní, Paraguay's second official language, and drinking tereré—a cold beverage prepared with yerba mate. A number of people passed, some carrying large parcels. I was standing in front of a hardware store, where two Brazilian shopkeepers were awaiting customers. The owner of the shop—a young Lebanese man who lived in the border town of Foz do Iguaçu.

On November 14, 2018, Camilo Catrillanca, a young man from the traditional Mapuche community of Temucuicui, was shot from behind and murdered, adding yet another weychafe, or young warrior, to the list of those lost in the fight for territory. A Chilean military police unit sent by the Sebastián Piñera administration fired the shot from an assault rifle.The state-led political violence of recent decades constitutes a low-intensity war in a region that security forces have deemed a red zone.

The Latinx community figured prominently in national politics throughout the 2018 election season, as attacks on both Latinx and Latin American immigrants remained the centerpiece of the Trump administration's policies and discourse. The President, along with key Cabinet members and Congressional allies, engaged in an onslaught of daily attacks, from the dismissal of Puerto Rico after the devastation of Hurricanes Maria and Irma; to the execution of a “zero tolerance policy".

As I frequented the ironically named Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard through the eastern portion of Lubbock, Texas, during my time living in the area from 2010-2012, I found this major thoroughfare to be a physical separator of Lubbock's Black residents from the rest of the city. 1 This street became a tangible marker of the continued housing patterns caused by decades of legalized segregation among Lubbock's residents. I also found the city's Latino residents to be heavily segregated.

This article presents an annotated list of websites with data that describe young people by community and, in the following section, book review resources for diverse children's and young adult literature. The very first section will point to general resources based on the U.S. & Canada, and then will dip into the specific places served by PNLA. State and Provincial education departments all have something like school report cards. Searches performed aimed at finding state/provincial or nonprofit agencies providing reports about demographics, disabilities, at-risk behaviors and resiliency factors. Book reviewing sites were found through various articles, databases, and recommendations from teacher-librarians. The final section lists a few books that are classified gatherings of book reviews and some periodicals that focus on or have book reviews in their pages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the National Digital Inclusion Alliance (NDIA), digital equity is defined as "a condition in which all individuals and communities have the information technology capacity needed for full participation in our society, democracy and economy" (2017). NDIA further explains that digital equity is "necessary for civic and cultural participation, employment, lifelong learning, and access to essential services" (2017). Article X, Section 1 of the Montana Constitution states, "it is the goal of the people to establish a system of education which will develop the full educational potential of each person. Equality of educational opportunity is guaranteed to each person of the state" (Montana Legislative Services, 2017), while Title 22, Part. 4 states that the purpose of libraries is "to provide the benefits of quality public library service to all residents of Montana", which includes "building digitally inclusive communities" (American Library Association, 2015). In the summer of 2017, two Montana libraries, one public and one academic, teamed up to achieve this purpose by bringing quality library service to an unlikely crowd by collaborating with their local county fair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Fall 2018 the Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath Falls Campus Library began a pilot project to check out laptops. While this may seem like a no brainer in the modern world of libraries and mobile access, the library was slow to adopt a laptop checkout program due to concerns about both the upfront cost of purchasing the laptops and charging cart and about the logistics of checkout. The decision to begin the pilot was based on data from the Measuring Higher Education Library & IT Services (MISO) survey which measures how faculty, students, and staff view library and technology services (Bryn Mawr College, 2019), and the issues faced from hardwired technology aging out. This article looks at the reasons for implementing the pilot project and provides an analysis of the first term as well as future steps and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the oldest regional library association in the United States, the Pacific Northwest Library Association (PNLA) has built upon traditions of good will and self-reflection. The organization has developed a social justice mindset and continues to prioritize historically isolated and marginalized communities, such as rural and tribal communities. Within the organization, Washington State has long proven itself to be a leading regional force in Northwest libraries.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.

I am deeply grateful for your decision to confer an honorary degree upon me today. And I am delighted that you have invited me to address you on the occasion of your commencement. Let me congratulate you on allthat you have achieved. You have the special privilege of commencing in the year of the Constitution's Bicentennial—and within several thousand yards of the Constitution itself—a document that travelled by stagecoach, at 11:00 in the morning on September 18, 1787, from Philadelphia.