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Prevotella buccae (P. buccae) is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe mainly associated with infections of odontogenic origin. Non-oral monomicrobial infection by these obligate anaerobic bacteria is rare. Only a few cases of monomicrobial non-oral infections by P. buccae have been reported in the literature. We are reporting a case of unilateral complicated pleural empyema in a patient with bronchial asthma infected by P. buccae. Pleural fluid aerobic culture and blood culture reports were sterile. No acid-fast bacilli were detected by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining, and cartridge-based nucleic acid assay test (CBNAAT) reports were negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The isolate, P. buccae was found susceptible to Metronidazole (MIC = 3 μg/ml) and resistant to Clindamycin (MIC = 256 μg/ml). In view of rising trends of antimicrobial resistance among anaerobes, it is recommended to perform anaerobic culture and sensitivity testing in clinically suspected cases of pleuropulmonary infection for appropriate diagnosis and optimal patient management. Clindamycin should be used with caution for empiric treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyonephrosis is an uncommon condition that is associated with suppurative destruction of the renal parenchyma. Upper urinary tract obstruction by renal stones plays an important role in its aetiology. The majority of pyonephrosis is reported to be caused by aerobic bacteria but the role of anaerobes, especially black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes, namely, Prevotella and Porphyromonas in renal infections, remain poorly defined. In view of the rarity of the event, a case of pyonephrosis by Prevotella disiens and Escherichia coli coinfection complicated by secondary peritonitis in an obstructive uropathy patient is hereby presented. An attempt is being made to review the literature on the infective aetiologies of renal abscess with special reference to anaerobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]