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The article discusses the methodology behind joint malaria prevention recommendations from Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, and The Netherlands. These countries have collaborated to align their recommendations based on epidemiological data quality and refined methodology. The process involves defining malaria risk categories, compiling data on malaria incidence, creating raw risk maps, adjusting maps based on expert discussions, and publishing final recommendations. The aim is to provide transparent and evidence-based recommendations for travel medicine advisors and travelers. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the importance of malaria prevention for travelers, especially those visiting sub-Saharan Africa, and the need for personalized pre-travel consultations to assess individual risk. Various global, national, and professional bodies offer guidelines for malaria prevention, with differing approaches for higher and lower-risk areas. The article also highlights the role of the International Expert Committee for Travel Medicine (iECTM) in fostering collaboration among travel medicine and public health experts to enhance recommendations for travelers. Additionally, it explores factors influencing malaria prevention approaches, such as chemoprophylaxis, standby emergency self-treatment (SBET), and the varying risk factors for severe malaria. [Extracted from the article]

Background. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, the immune response over time to yellow fever vaccination (YFV) and the necessity for booster vaccination are not well understood. Methods. We studied 247 participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) with a first YFV after HIV diagnosis and determined their immune responses at 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years postvaccination by yellow fever plaque reduction neutralization titers (PRNTs) in stored blood samples. A PRNT of 1:≥10 was regarded as reactive and protective. Predictors of vaccination response were analyzed with Poisson regression. Results. At vaccination, 82% of the vaccinees were taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), 83% had suppressed HIV RNA levels (<400 copies/mL), and their median CD4 T-cell count was 536 cells/μL. PRNT was reactive in 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38%-53%) before, 95% (95% CI, 91%-98%) within 1 year, 86% (95% CI, 79%-92%) at 5 years, and 75% (95% CI, 62%-85%) at 10 years postvaccination. In those with suppressed plasma HIV RNA at YFV, the proportion with reactive PRNTs remained high: 99% (95% CI, 95%-99.8%) within 1 year, 99% (95% CI, 92%-100%) at 5 years, and 100% (95% CI, 86%-100%) at 10 years. Conclusions. HIV-infected patients' long-term immune response up to 10 years to YFV is primarily dependent on the control of HIV replication at the time of vaccination. For those on successful cART, immune response up to 10 years is comparable to that of non-HIV-infected adults. We recommend a single YFV booster after 10 years for patients vaccinated on successful cART, whereas those vaccinated with uncontrolled HIV RNA may need an early booster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]