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Sports injuries are common, although apart from high-level sportsmanship, sport is practiced mostly as a means of health prevention. Injuries in volleyball have been relatively widely studied, but it is of interest to us to establish the status of the problem in students who are not professional players, but are engaged in volleyball, primarily at the university level. The aim of the study is to determine the type of the most frequently received injuries and their causes in student-competitors in volleyball, by deriving relevant recommendations for their prevention in practice. A survey method was used to achieve the purpose of the study. 84 volleyball players from representative student teams from universities in the Republic of Bulgaria were included in the study. The results of the study show that the most common injuries are of the lower limb, namely of the ankle joint, followed by injuries of the knee joint. Upper extremity injuries are less represented than lower extremity injuries, with more than 80% involving the shoulder joint. The conducted survey outlines trends for the prevention of sports injuries at the university level, allowing recommendations to be made, especially for athletes and their coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscles of the trunk are responsible for the movement and stability of the spine. Very often children worsen their body posture in school-age because of weak musculature and bad studying position. THE PURPOSE of the study is to apply an experimental model of body corpus muscle stability in physical education and sports classes and to compare the strength performance indicators of those muscles before and after the experiment. METHODS: The contingent of the study represents 21 students on average age 12.4 years. Data of anthropometric indicators, static and dynamic strength indicators of body corpus muscles and degree of mobility of the spine were collected during the experiment. All data were processed and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The analysis of the results shows that the implementation of the experimental model of exercises significantly improves the static and dynamic muscular strength of body corpus muscles and does not increase the flexibility of the spine. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that the obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the experimental model of exercises and it could be included in ordinary Physical education and sports classes like the opportunity to counteract of poor body posture and spinal deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]