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Study Design: Qualitative exploratory study., Objectives: Pressure injuries (PIs) are a major secondary condition occurring after spinal cord injuries (SCI). Optimization of outpatient and community care may be a promising approach to better support community-dwelling individuals with SCI in preventing PIs. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of individuals with SCI, family caregivers and health professionals (HPs) in using or providing outpatient and community services for early treatment and prevention of PIs in SCI., Setting: Switzerland., Methods: Semi-structured interviews with a sample of Swiss residents community-dwelling individuals with SCI (n = 20), family caregivers (n = 5) and HPs (n = 22) were analysed using thematic analysis., Results: General practitioners (GPs), home care providers, SCI-specialized outpatient clinics and an SCI-specialized nursing service are involved in the prevention and early treatment of PIs. Our findings show that the needs of individuals with SCI are not fully met: outpatient and community care is often fragmented, mono-professional and non-specialized, while persons with SCI and HPs prefer coordinated, inter-professional and specialized services for preventing and treating PIs. Our findings also highlight the challenges faced by HPs in providing care to individuals with SCI in the community., Conclusions: Although there seems to be a gap in service provision, there is the potential for improvement by better integrating the different providers in a network and structuring their collaborations. Concrete suggestions are: systematizing knowledge transfer to home care providers and GPs; redefining the role of involved HPs and individuals with SCI and reinforcing the role of the SCI-specialized nursing service.

Background: Technological solutions, particularly mobile health (mHealth), have been shown to be potentially viable approaches for sustaining individuals' self-management of chronic health conditions. Theory-based interventions are more successful, as evidence-based information is an essential prerequisite for appropriate self-management. However, several reviews have shown that many existing mobile apps fail to be either theoretically grounded or based on evidence. Although some authors have attempted to address these two issues by focusing on the design and development processes of apps, concrete efforts to systematically select evidence-based content are scant., Objective: The objective of this study was to present a procedure for the participatory identification of evidence-based content to ground the development of a self-management app., Methods: To illustrate the procedure, we focused on the prevention and management of pressure injuries (PIs) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The procedure involves the following three steps: (1) identification of existing evidence through review and synthesis of existing recommendations on the prevention and self-management of PIs in SCI; (2) a consensus meeting with experts from the field of SCI and individuals with SCI to select the recommendations that are relevant and applicable to community-dwelling individuals in their daily lives; and (3) consolidation of the results of the study., Results: In this case study, at the end of the three-step procedure, the content for an mHealth intervention was selected in the form of 98 recommendations., Conclusions: This study describes a procedure for the participatory identification and selection of disease-specific evidence and professional best practices to inform self-management interventions. This procedure might be especially useful in cases of complex chronic health conditions, as every recommendation in these cases needs to be evaluated and considered in light of all other self-management requirements. Hence, the agreement of experts and affected individuals is essential to ensure the selection of evidence-based content that is considered to be relevant and applicable., (©Maddalena Fiordelli, Claudia Zanini, Julia Amann, Anke Scheel-Sailer, Mirjam Brach, Gerold Stucki, Sara Rubinelli. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 20.05.2020.)

Context: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex chronic condition with multiple self-management requirements and a high prevalence of complications. Pressure injuries (PIs) are among the most common ones and represent a frequent reason for re-hospitalization. This study aimed to identify styles of prevention that individuals with SCI adopt to deal with the risk of developing PIs. Design: Qualitative explorative interview study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed following the principles of thematic analysis. Setting: Switzerland. Participants: The participants were a purposive sample of community-dwelling Swiss residents with SCI for at least five years. Interventions: Not applicable. Outcome measures: Not applicable. Results: Although all participants (N = 20) showed at least a basic knowledge of prevention of PIs by describing some preventive measures, they had different prevention styles characterized by different behavioral patterns (i.e. complying with all recommended measures, performing only a selection of them or delegating them to others) and different beliefs and attitudes towards prevention. Conclusion: By identifying the style of prevention of an individual, it is possible to develop tailored interventions that have an impact on the factors which seem to play a role in determining the adoption of preventive behaviors (i.e. perceived susceptibility to PIs, attitudes towards prevention, and self-efficacy). Such interventions would constitute a concrete effort to support individuals with SCI during their self-management. Besides alleviating a frequent and disabling medical complication and contributing to an enhanced quality of life, these interventions might also help decrease healthcare costs.

Aims of the Study: The effective management of spinal cord injury (SCI) requires partnership between people with SCI and health professionals (HPs). This paper identifies HPs’ perceived challenges in building and maintaining this partnership, with a specific focus on how people with SCI and HPs collaborate in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries (PIs) in SCI., Design: This study has a qualitative and explorative design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed following the principles of thematic analysis., Population and Setting: The study population consisted of a purposive sample of HPs (n = 26) working in inpatient and outpatient care in Switzerland with experience in the care of people with SCI., Results: The analysis identified three main challenges: defining responsibilities and expectations, negotiating priorities and establishing and strengthening trust and respect. The HPs argue that the prevention of PIs and self-management are mainly the responsibility of the person with SCI. The HPs have, however, the responsibility to empower, guide, and support persons with SCI in self-management by educating and motivating them., Conclusion: Building and maintaining a partnership with individuals with SCI to prevent and treat PIs is crucial, but it is not an easy task for HPs. Specific communication skills can help HPs and patients find personalised solutions that take into account the patients’ expertise and preferences. Additionally, the healthcare system must develop solutions that go beyond personal partnership to better integrate the prevention and treatment of PIs into the lifelong self-management of SCI. Assistive technologies, such as mobile technology, might help in this endeavour.