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The diploma thesis focuses on a museum education. The aim is to create and test its own proposals for educational programs in the Central Bohemian Museum of Roztoky near Prague. The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the characteristics of the museum and examines the components of museum education such as teaching methods and organizational forms of teaching. It also deals with education and presentation of archaeological cultural heritage and describes education in the Central Bohemian Museum of Roztoky near Prague. The practical part focuses on the creation of two educational programs that follow the defined theoretical principles of the first part of the work. The educational programs are intended for pupils of the sixth grade of of primary school and are implemented in the exhibition Archevita - Footprints of Ages focused on the prehistoric period. The thesis describes the creation of both programs, the definition of the target group, the description of individual activities, records and evaluates their progress. Feedback from pupils, their teachers and the educator of the Roztoky museum is used to evaluate each program. At the end, the thesis presents proposals for improving the programs and its individual activities, which the...

Příspěvek pojednává o traseologické (mikroskopické a makroskopické) analýze povrchu pěti bronzových nožů (ojedinělé detektorové nálezy) z Plzeňského kraje, které se dostaly do sbírek Západočeského muzea v posledních dvou letech. Analýza byla provedena v laboratořích katedry archeologie Západočeské univerzity v Plzni s následnou syntézou a interpretací dat. Zdokumentované stopy jsou podloženy analogiemi a krátkým autorským experimentem. The paper deals with the traseological (microscopic and macroscopic) analysis of the surface of five bronze knives (unique detector finds) from the Pilsen region, which have been added to the collections of the West Bohemian Museum in the last two years. The analysis was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Archaeology of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen with subsequent synthesis and interpretation of the data. The documented traces are supported by analogies and a short authorial experiment.

The article speaks about research of the production sounds in the past. It focuses on methods how to acquire relevant information and their aplication at the field of archaeology. Some experts dealing with the topic work with mainly material and written resources, iconography as the direct evidence. But it is also very beneficial to use an experiment coming out of the resources mention above. The example of experiments is reconstruction of antique musical instruments, measure of acoustic of settlements – for example cave or surrounding sacred hills or sounds analysis of some things for ordinary use etc. At the end of the article is list of conferences that took place in the last decades.

Článek prezentuje soudobé znalosti o polykulturní lokalitě Velešín – Kamenná věž. Ta se nachází na podlouhlé úzké ostrožně vydělené čtyřmi příčnými příkopy a výrazným pahrbkem. Tradičně se o lokalitě uvažovalo jako o hradu. Archeologické výzkumy pahrbku z let 1976 a 2018 a povrchové sběry na lokalitě doložily osídlení polohy v eneolitu, starší době bronzové, době halštatské a vrcholném středověku. Pahorek je částečně přírodního původu, ale v pravěku (nejpozději v době halštatské) na něm byla zbudována kamenná konstrukce – hradba. Její destrukce mohla být využita při stavbě krátkodobě existujícího vrcholně středověkého objektu, jehož konstrukce však nezanechala výraznější archeologické stopy. Nejintenzivněji byla poloha využita ve starší době bronzové, z níž pochází většina z nalezené pravěké keramiky, ale také soubor bronzové industrie a doklad metalurgie. v The article presents current knowledge pertaining to the multiperiod site of Velešín – Kamenná věž. It is situated on an elongated promontory separated from surrounding terrain by four transverse ditches and a prominent hillock. The site used to be regarded as a stronghold. Archaeological excavations of the hillock in the years 1976 and 2018 as well as fieldwalking demonstrated human occupation of the location in the Aeneolithic, Early Bronze Age, Hallstatt period and High Middle Ages. The hillock is partially of natural origin, but in prehistory (during the Hallstatt period at the latest), a stone structure/defensive wall was constructed on it. Its rubble could have been used to erect a short-lived high medieval building whose structure did however not leave any distinct archaeological traces. The site was most intensively occupied in the Early Bronze Age from which the majority of the discovered potsherds date. Also, an assemblage of bronze objects and evidence for metallurgy are known for this period.

This thesis researches forest history and human impact on it in prehistory and early Middle Ages by means of soil charcoal analysis, i.e. pedoanthracology. It focuses on a site called "Roztocký háj" with long-term human settlement near Roztoky u Prahy in central Bohemia. Pedoanthracology brings information about past woody vegetation that is very local and without much anthropogenic influence. On the other hand, archeoanthracology focuses on charcoal originating from archeological excavations directly from human settlements. These charcoals are therefore formed by human behaviour and provide general view on woody vegetation in wider surroundings of the site. Comparing results of these two approaches in Roztoky is allowed by long-term archeological excavations. They provided previously analyzed and partially published charcoal dataset. Newly obtained pedoanthracological dataset brings finer spatial scale, allows to find out the effect of local conditions on the charcoal spectra and also allows identification of possible purposefully selected taxa in the archeoanthracological assemblage. Another part of this work describes present-day vegetation around the soil profiles and examines it's possible continuity with the past vegetation. 4 soil profiles provided quite species-rich (17 taxa) charcoal...

Přízřenice, Česká Bělá), Slovakia (Bíňa Čata) and The detection of climatic changes within the glacial palaeosols of the Bíňa Čata locality was Přízřenice, made of Phaeozem and Chernozem with intensive anthropogenic influence methods. In the case of medieval alluvial sediments in the Březina floodplain near Česká Bělá

This work deals with chemical composition analysis of prehistoric artifacts of copper and copper alloys in Czech lands. It purvey listing of individual methods of natural sciences research together with their capabilities and limitations. Development and current state of chemical compostition analysis is described in this work. Focus of this work is a database of results of chemical composition analysis from Czech and foreign laboratories. Data file in the database is evaluated in terms of geography, chronology and type of artifacts.

1 Abstract Plant macro remains from archaeological situations were studied in order to trace the history of gradual formation of today's synanthropic vegetation. Synanthropic plants represent a heterogeneous group of species with various qualities and strategies, as well as with various immigration histories. In general, the synanthropic flora is rich in aliens, so it is important to know, when exactly these species immigrated to our territory (to know their residence time). Besides the determination of the residence time of alien plants, also the dynamics of formation of urban flora and vegetation was studied. Special attention was paid to the Medieval Period, when the urbanisation process started. The emergence of urban agglomeration may have been the cause of the emergence of new habitats, followed by formation of new plant associations - the predecessors of the today's ones. In general, towns represent a special case of anthropogenic environment with many various synanthropic habitats, causing their species richness. Questions 1. When exactly the synanthropic flora of medieval towns emerged? Was the transition from the Prehistory to the Medieval Period rather gradual or sudden? 2. What particular species took place in the medieval change of synanthropic vegetation? Where did these species come from? Was...

The presented thesis deals with prehistoric and early medieval settlement in the Český Dub region. The main aim is to describe finds belonging to different archaeological periods and cultures from the Palaeolithic to the Early Middle Ages (until the 12th century), which mostly come from the surface collection. The attention was mainly focused on the collections deposited in Podještědské muzeum in Český Dub. More information was obtained from the published literature and some new data, about the settlement, was acquired from the authorʼs surface survey. Based on the available information, a catalogue, which contains all the archaeological sites and finds dated until the 12th century, was compiled. The work is accompanied by maps of finds, belonging to certain archaeological periods and by a picture catalogue of chipped and polished stone industry. Keywords: North Bohemia - Podještědí - Český Dub Region - settlement - prehistory - Early Middle Ages

projektem OP VK PVBV – Popularizace vědy a badatelsky orientované výuky, reg. č. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/45.000

The theme of this bachelor thesis concerns with people with disabilities in prehistory and early Medieval Ages. It gathers and evaluates osteological data from sample of Czech archaeological journals, that may prove disability. It sums up current state of knowledge and mentions various examples of reflexion of disability in mythology, laws, literature and iconography of past societies and current ethnographical parallels. For further investigation it sugests evaulation of big cemeteries and emphasizes multidisciplinar aproach on the subject. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The bachelor thesis extends by its assignment in two disciplines pedagogy and archaeology. Its character is theoretical-empirical. Theoretical part of the work deals with the objectives and content of history teaching in the frame of current educational conception. Emphasis is placed on prehistory teaching on 4-year and higher degree of multiyear grammar schools. Using pilotage questionnaire three most used textbooks were revealed and afterwards analysed in the empirical part. The evaluation focused on structural components extent, text difficulty and didactical quality of the textbooks. Qualitative analysis examines text content to find out if textbooks used for prehistory teaching accepts the current state of knowledge and possibilities of current archaeology. The last part of the thesis represents questionnaire focused on teachers and to lesser extent also pupils. Questions are aimed at a method of treatment with textbook during lesson, preparing for lesson and awareness of archaeological popularization programmes.

This work is focused on prehistory in Velvary and its surroundings. The main aim is describe findings of archaeological periods and cultures from palaeolithic to roman period, which were found in localities surrounding Velvary. The attention is on findings in City Museum Velvary. Some of them were archaeological described and published in professional literatures, but most of them were not in the attention of archaeologists. The work is also focused on surface survey in this area. Keywords Central Bohemia, archaeology, prehistory, regional settlement, Velvary

The thesis presents the results of processing the excavation of the acropolis of Levý Hradec (district of Praha-západ). The excavation took place between 1940-1954 under the leadership of Ivan Borkovský (ARÚ ČSAV in Prague). The hillfort is known as the Early Medieval center, however it was notably settled during the prehistory as well. Unfortunately, these findings have not been processed yet. The main aim of this thesis was the identification of prehistoric cultures on the basis of pottery collection, assignment of the extent of settlement in particular cultures and effort to date the prehistoric phases of fortification on the basis of original documentation and the pottery findings. Moreover, there was the attempt to identificate the excavated objects in documentation and cross connect the pottery with documentation.

The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part of my thesis I would like to describe the development of art, especially the prehistoric times, the specifics of the time and gradual changes, focusing on the life of prehistoric creatures and their development. Zoom personalities related to this topic, especially illustrators, painters, filmmakers, who are involved in public awareness about the picture of the time. Finally, I would like to mention the influence of authors and styles of the 20th century and approached the work of contemporary artists inspired by this theme. In the practical part of the thesis, deals with the presentation selected and died out creatures. To this I would like to take the theoretical and practical knowledge based on my work involved.

Thesis deal with archaeology of castle Zvíkov since prehistory to early modern period. Aim is to present contemporary state of cognition. On the basis of archaeological discoveries will be chart history of settlement and individual developmental periods of medieval castle including settlement around the castle. Final part of thesis will be include summary of topographical development and period material culture of castle and microregion

99 Summary The topic of this Diploma thesis focuses on Fictionalization of History in History Teaching. This area is closely connected with Eduard Štorch. Eduard Štorch was an amateur archaeologist, a very good writer and an undervalued teacher. Based on topics which he drew from a variety of archaeological research projects he created and wrote adventure stories which can be classified as somewhere between fiction and popular science stories in which he described oldest periods of Czech history. His books are still recognised today as the very best of their kind and they have been translated into a number of foreign languages. As a teacher, Štorch did his utmost to improve children's education. At his own expense and almost single-handedly he built a "Children's Farm" on Libeňský ostrov in Prague. It was meant as a place for educating children not only inside a classroom but also in the middle of nature. Children from other schools in Prague were encouraged to use the outdoors facilities there in their free time as well. Eduard Štorch tried to promote and enforce changes in the teaching of all school subjects but concentrated on the teaching of history. For this purpose he published several books such as "The Reform of the History Taught at Schools" (Reforma školního dějepisu; 1905), "The New History"...

Recenze představuje publikaci P. Akkermanse a G. Schwartze, ve které souhrnně přibližují archeologii Sýrie od paleolitu po rok 300BC. Mimo chronologický přehled v daných obdobích se autoři blíže věnují neolitizaci a vzniku urbánních společností. The review represents a study by P. Akkermans a G. Schwartz where totaly converge the archeology of Syria from paleolithic to 300BC. Beyond chronologically overview in given periods authors pay attention process of neolitisation and development of urban societies.

Demografie jakožto společenská věda se zabývá kvantitativní stránkou reprodukce lidské společnosti. Správné představy o demografii ovlivňují prakticky všechny sociologické i historické problémy prehistorie. Demografie pravěku je principiálně řešitelná studiem pohřebišť (pohlaví pohřbených může být často určeno archeologicky, někdy antropologicky; fyzické stáří pouze antropologicky). Základním pramenem poznání demografie pravěkých populací jsou jejich úmrtností tabulky konstruované tzv. Halleyovou metodou. Jejich použití spočívá na předpokladech kompletnosti, uzavřenosti vůči migracím a stacionarity. Předpokladem je dále správné stanovení věku zemřelých (zejména u starších dospělých osob). Pokud tyto předpoklady (zvláště stacionarita) nejsou splněny, dostáváme aplikací Halleyovy metody pouze zdánlivé úmrtnostní tabulky. Pro posouzení reprodukce populací musíme ovšem kromě úmrtnosti znát ještě fertilitu. Důležitou metodou je modelování pravěkých populací, při němž se rozsáhle užívá poznatků o živých společnostech. Zvláštní problematiku v rámci demografie představuje mobilita (tzv. migrace jsou jen jednou její součástí.) Demografické metody jsme se pokusili aplikovat na řadu kosterních sérií středoevropského pravěku počínaje neolitem. V demografických parametrech tohoto období se nezdá být zjistitelný progresívní vývoj. Přirozená úmrtnost byla od neolitu do doby hradištní přibližně stejná; roční hrubá míra úmrtnosti byla spíše 0,04 než 0,05 a v optimálních podmínkách se blížila číslu 0,035. Patnácti let se dožilo asi 2/3 jedinců, ve společnostech s vysokou celkovou úmrtností snad jen 45-55%. Asi polovina obyvatelstva byla v proudktivním věku (15-50 let); ve stáří nad 50 let žilo méně než 10% osob. Dětí bylo málo (pravěké populace se udržovaly přibližně ve stacionárním stavu) a tomu také odpovídala malá velikost základních rodin (3-4 osoby). Zvýšení přirozeného přírůstku na 2% bylo vždy možné a mohlo se stát základem migrací. Hlavní příčinou růstu populací (pokud k němu vůbec došlo) bylo snížení hustoty společenských vztahů. Početní růst pravěkých populací nemůžeme proto považovat za autonomní faktor, který by sám o sobě mohl vysvětlit ekonomické nebo společenské změny či historické události. The first part of this paper discusses demographic theory. The most serious obstacle to reconstructions based on skeletal series appears to be their incompleteness (burials outside regular cemeteries) while the question of non-stationarity may be of secondary importance. The conditions for applying Halley´s method to the construction of life tables are therefore of prime interest. Attention is paid to the theory of "apparent" life tables deformed by non-zero growth rate. The demographic theory and supposed (or inferred) initial conditions enable the formulation of models that can be tested against archeological and anthropological data (type of populations, their sex and age structure, population size, number of graves to be expected, mobility in time and space, etc.). The main reason for population growth in prehistory was the formation of a non-equilibrium state in social relations. In consequence of this, population growth cannot be viewed as an autonomous factor causing economic and social change or historical events. The second part of the paper applies this theory to several examples from Central Europe (Linear Pottery in East Germany, Corded Ware at Vikletice, La-Téne cementeries in Bohemia, and Early Medieval series from Moravia). Full text of the paper has been published by the Archaeological Institute in Prague in the Czech language (Demografie pravěkých pohřebišť, Praha 1983). Demografija - obščestvennaja nauka o količestvennoj storone reprodukcii čelovečeskogo obščestva. Vernoe predstavenie o demografii blijaet praktičeski na vse socnologičeskke istoričeskie problemy obščestva. Demografija drevnego mira možet byt´ principkal´no rešena s pomošč´ju izučenija mogil´nikov (pol pochoronennych často možet byt´ opredelen archeolosičeskim, inogda antropologičeskim metodom; vozrast - tol´ko antropologičeskim metodom). Osnovnym istočmikom poznanija demografii drevnego naselenija javljajutsja tabliščy smertnosti, skonstruipovaniye tak nazyv. Metodom Challeja. Ich primenenne oširaetsja na uslovijach komplektnosti, stacionarnosti i isključenija migracij. Cledujuščim usloviem javljaetsja vernoe opredelelenie vozrasta umeršich (prežde svergo staršich vzrostlych osob). Esli že zti uslovija (osobenno stacionarnost´) ne vypolnjajutsja, pri primenenii metoda challeja polučaetsja tol´ko liš´ vidimost´ tablic smertnosti. Dlja suchdenija o reprodukcii naselenija sleduet, odnako krome smertnosti, znat´ takže i poždaemost´. Važnym metodom javljaetsja takoe modelirovanie drevnogo naselenija, pri kotorom široko ispol´zujutsja svedenija o živych obščestvach. osobennoj problematikoj v pamkach demografii predstavljaetsja peredviženie (tak nazyv. migracii javljajutsja liš´ odnoj iz ego sostavnych častej). My podytalis´ primenit´ demografičeskie metody na rjad kostjakovych serij sredneevponejskogo pervobytnogo perioda, načinaja s neolita. V demografičeskich parametrach vsego ztogo perioda, kažetsja, nevozmožno opredenit´ nikakoj progress. Estestvennaja smertnost´ so vremeni neolita do gorodiščenskogo perioda byla priblizitel´no odinakova; ežgodnaja smertnost´ primerno byla skoree 0,04 čem 0,05. a v optimal´nych uslovijach približanas´ k čisly 0,035. Do pjatnalcati let dožilo primerno 2/3 osob, v obščestvach s bysokoj obščej smertnost´ju, vozmožno, tol´ko 45-55%. Primerno polovina naselenija nachodilas´ v produktivnom vozraste (15-50 let); ljudej, staršich 50 let, žilo menee 10%. Detej bylo malo (drevnee naselenie nachodilos´ priblizitel´no v stacionarnom sostojanii), ztomu otvečaet takže nebelikost´ osnovnych semej (3-4 čeloveka). Povyšenie estestvennogo priposta na 2% bylo vozmožno vsegda, ono moglo stat´ osnovoj migracii. Plavnoj pričinoj posta naselenija (esli on voobšče imel mesto) bylo sniženie gustoy obščestvennych otnošenij poztomu čislennyj post drevnego naselenija nel´zja poscenivat´ kak avtonomnyj faktor, moguščij sam po sebe ob´jasnit´ zkonomičeskie ili obščestvennye izmenenija ili istoričeskie sobytija.

The paper develops a model fo further consideration and for testing by means of specific archaeological evidence. Starting from the needs of farming communities in proceeds to the definition of their settlement areas as consisting not only of dwelling sites and cemeteries (the two kids of "sites" of traditional archaeology) but also of places of storage (grain, fodder for domestic animals, raw materials, fuel etc.) and of agricultural production (fields and fallows, pasture lands, places for collecting fodder, hunting, fishing and gathering). There must have been other areas not directly connected with agriculture (extraction of raw materials, deposition of the dead, other ritual activities etc.) The influence of natural conditions upon the selection of settlement areas is discussed (geomorphological, hydrogeological, pedological factors, climate etc.). It is suggested that the probable way of selecting individual settlement areas in prehistory was based on plant indicators. Dwelling areas were surrounded by the other kinds of areas; this seems to be the basis of the repeatedly observed fact that sites from different periods tend to cluster in a limited number of places. At the same time large tracts of land remain free of easily detectable traces of the presence of prehistoric farmers; these may the places of production areas (fields, fallows etc.). The density of settlement areas in Central Europe, however, is remarkable the average distance to the nearest site of the same archacological age being from two to three kilometers in most instances. Judging from the size of villages and from the average distance among them, individual settlement areas were inhabited by a few families each (several ten persons at most). Thus, they were small but distributed densely. This general pattern of settlement did not change during the greater part of later prehistory (beginning with the Neolithic period). The core of settlement areas (consisting of the village, fields and fallows) must have been almost permanently deforested and the surrounding mixed oak forest reduced by the pasture of domestic animals. Recent rescue excavations in NW Bohemia covering several square kilometers revealed that many settlement areas had been inhabited almost continuosly. Some of the archaeological periods, however, are represented by scarce evidence, a fact usually due to the differing probability of the survival of archacological record. All the areas need not have been exploited at the same time; the temporarily free ones could have been used by neighbouring communities as a reserve either in the case of devastation of their former areas by intensive farming or in the case of population increase. Also, they could have been used as pasture lands. Thus, the population of any larger region could maintain stationarity despite their intensive exploitation of the environment and despite their fluctuating population dynamics.