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The review discusses the impact of nutrients on women’s health before and during pregnancy and on the health of their babies. Considerable attention is paid to the short-term and long-term effects of malnutrition or overeating of pregnant women. The article also discusses the need for the use of vitamin-mineral complexes during pregnancy to replenish nutrient stores. The issue of the relationships between the diet and early pregnancy outcomes is considered. Based on the conducted thorough analysis, it is concluded that doctors should inform future mothers about the importance of a balanced diet and additional intake of microelements and vitamins. Although this topic has been extensively studied, it requires further research for working out optimal clinical recommendations regarding the nutritional behavior of pregnant women.