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Mišići dna zdjelice sudjeluju u svakodnevnom funkcioniranju čovjeka jer pomažu pri održavanju kontinencije, sudjeluju u stabilizaciji trupa, seksulanoj funkciji i rađanju. Vaginalni porod je čimbenik rizika za oštećenje i razvoj disfunkcije mišića dna zdjelice. Vrsta poroda, hormonalne promjene tijekom i nakon trudnoće imaju veliki utjecaj na mišiće i tkiva cijelog tijela pa tako i na mišiće dna zdjelice. Tjelesno vježbanje uvelike pomaže u rehabilitaciji nakon poroda jer rodiljama smanjuje tegobe nastale tijekom i nakon trudnoće i poroda. Razlikuju se simptomi preslabog ili preaktivnog zdjeličnog dna i njihovo prepoznavanje pomaže kako bi se mogla pružiti ispravna skrb. Pelvic floor muscles participate in the daily functioning of a person because they help maintain continence, participate in postural control, sexual functioning and labor. Vaginal delivery is a risk factor for the damage and dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles. The type of birth, hormonal changes during and after pregnancy have an influence on the muscles and tissues of the whole body, including pelvic floor. Pelvic floor muscle exercises help in rehabilitation after pregnancy and labor, because they reduce the discomforts. There are different symptoms of weak or overactive pelvic floor muscles and recognizing them helps to provide the right care and rehabilitation.

Uvod: Množični mediji so ena od redkih priložnosti, ko lahko ženska porod vidi, preden ga doživi sama. Porod je v množičnih medijih pogosto prikazan nerealistično, s tem pa vpliva na vedenje in dejanja posameznikov v porodnem procesu. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati reprezentacijo poroda v množičnih medijih na podlagi pregleda znanstvene literature, cilj pa ugotoviti kakšen je način reprezentacije poroda v množičnih medijih, kateri dejavniki vplivajo nanjo in kakšne so posledice tovrstne reprezentacije poroda za ženske ter njihove porodne izkušnje. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature, ki obravnava reprezentacijo poroda v množičnih medijih. Znanstveno literaturo smo iskali s funkcijo naprednega iskanja v spletnih bibliografskih podatkovnih bazah DiKUL, EBSCO Information Services, Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect in SpringerLink v obdobju od 2. decembra 2021 do 8. marca 2022. Kriteriji izbire so bili vsebinska ustreznost in relevantnost ter polna dostopnost do vsebine virov v slovenskem ali angleškem jeziku, s časom objave med letoma 2012 in 2022. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih 26 raziskav, ki so ustrezale vsem vključitvenim kriterijem. Večina raziskav je bila presečnih, najpogosteje sta bili uporabljeni deskriptivna metoda dela in analiza virov. Reprezentacije poroda v množičnih medijih postavljajo normativ medikaliziranega poroda, alternativne možnosti pa so prikazane redko in nejasno, na kar lahko pomembno vpliva sodelovanje babiške stroke z medijskimi producenti. Množični mediji s svojimi reprezentacijami poroda vplivajo na pričakovanja in odločitve, ki se jih ženske poslužujejo v nosečnosti in med porodom ter v njih pogosto vzbujajo strah. Razprava in zaključek: V prevladujočih reprezentacijah poroda, ki jih ponujajo množični mediji, so prisotne mnoge vrzeli in manjkajoče informacije. Pomembno je ozaveščanje žensk, babiške in porodniške stroke ter medijskih producentov za kritično in odgovorno delovanje na področju reprezentacije poroda v množičnih medijih, s širjenjem verodostojnih in strokovnih informacij, ki bodo ženskam omogočile pozitivne in na znanju temelječe porodne prakse, brez nepotrebnega strahu. Introduction: Mass media is one of the few opportunities a woman has to see childbirth before she experiences it by herself. Childbirth in the mass media is often portrayed in an unrealistic way which influences the behaviour and actions of individuals in the birthing process. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to investigate the representation of childbirth in mass media, based on a review of the scientific literature. The objective is to find out how childbirth is represented in the mass media, what factors influence this representation and what the consequences of this representation of childbirth are for women and their experiences of childbirth. Methods: The descriptive method of work was used in the thesis, focusing on a review of professional and scientific literature of the childbirth representation in the mass media. The online bibliographic databases DiKUL, EBSCO Information Services, Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink were used from December 2nd 2021 to March 8th 2022. The advanced search function was used. The criteria for selecting the scientific literature were relevance and pertinence of the content and full accessibility to the content of the sources in Slovenian or English, with a publication time between 2012 and 2022. Results: The literature review included 26 studies that met all the criteria. Most of the studies were cross-sectional, with descriptive methods and source analysis being the most commonly used. Representations of childbirth in the mass media set the norm for medicalised childbirth, alternatives are rarely and ambiguously portrayed. This may be significantly influenced by midwifery's engagement with media producers. Mass media representations of childbirth influence women's expectations and choices during pregnancy and childbirth and often provoke fear. Discussion and conclusion: There are many gaps and missing information in representations of childbirth, offered by the mass media. It is important to raise awareness among women, midwifery and obstetric professionals and media producers to act critically and responsibly in the field of representation of childbirth in the prevailing mass media, by disseminating credible and expert information that will enable women to have positive and knowledge-based childbirth practices, without unnecessary fear.

The thesis deals with the issues of family planning, pregnancy and birth. The theoretical subsections focus on family planning, contraception, birth and puerperium. The practical part of the thesis is a survey that was carried out among the women in a specific region who have not yet given birth. The main goal of thesis was to determine the awareness of women in the reproductive period about the options of family planning, pregnancy and childbirth. The most common sources of information concerning reproduction were investigated, as well as the awareness of the types of contraception that can cause temporary inability to conceive after discontinuation. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate whether the female respondents are well informed about prenatal examinations, childbirth and the puerperium. The results of the practical part show that the women are sufficiently informed about reproductive issues. A total of 61,5 % of female respondents were able to correctly answer the questions regarding their knowledge. School, family and internet were listed as the essential information resources by the respondents. On the contrary, most women are unaware that some types of contraception can cause temporary inability to become pregnant. Most women too were not informed about the possibility of undergoing a...

This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of childbirth with a doula. The thesis describes what the profession of a doula entails and what its history is. It also describes times in which a doula can accompany a woman. The physiology of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period is also described in the thesis. One objective of the thesis has been set. The objective was to find out how women perceive the care of a doula. Two hypotheses were set in the thesis. H1: A doula is more often chosen by nulliparae rather than multiparae for a collaboration during delivery. H2: Women use the services of a doula during labour rather than during the postpartum period. The objective was achieved through quantitative investigative research in the form of an online questionnaire of my own structure. The questionnaire used for data collection contained a total of 23 questions. 20 of these were mandatory, which ensured a high level of reliability and accuracy of the data. Out of the 23 questions, 15 were multiple choice closed-ended questions, which simplified data analysis and allowed a better comparison of answers. On top of that, there were 7 semi-closed questions which provided additional answer choices and allowed respondents to express their opinions and experiences. There was also one open-ended question that allowed respondents to share their thoughts and opinions about the questionnaire topic. The questionnaire that was used for data collection was divided into three sections, each one addressing a different topic. In the first part, the respondents were asked questions regarding their identifying data such as age, education, number of births and at what time did they decide for a doula. The second part of the questionnaire was devoted to doulas. Respondents could comment there on where they had sought out a doula and whether they knew who a doula was and who she could care for. The last part of the questionnaire was then focused on the care the respondents' doulas provided and what their experience of giving birth with a doula was like. This structure of the questionnaire allowed for systematic answer processing and better comparison of results. The research results show that women have the greatest need for psychological support during delivery just as much as during pregnancy and postpartum period. They also have a need to be informed about the issue. Most women choose a doula for an overall increase in their sense of safety. It is a satisfying result that 94,9 % of women found the care of a doula met their expectations. Which is why 93,2 % of women would use the care of a doula for their next delivery and 98,3 % of women said they would recommend the care of a doula to others. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that women are satisfied with the care of a doula. The thesis and the results obtained can be used as a basis for presenting the investigative research in seminars for midwives.

Studies show that a woman's dissatisfaction with her birth experience may affect her well-being. This study aimed to examine: (1) the birth satisfaction in Croatian women and compare it with UK normative data ; (2) the association of different dimensions of birth satisfaction with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. In a cross-sectional online study, 603 postnatal Croatian women completed the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (subscales: Stress experienced during labour (SL), Women's personal attributes (WA), and Quality of care provision (QC)) ; City Birth Trauma Scale (subscales: Birth-related symptoms and General symptoms) ; and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Subscale and total scale scores were calculated. Path analysis tested the model of three aspects of birth satisfaction effect on PTSD dimensions and depressive symptoms. The average birth satisfaction score was significantly lower compared to the UK data on the total scale and all three subscale scores. Path analysis revealed that all three dimensions of birth satisfaction (SL, WA, and QC) had an effect on Birth-related symptoms. However, only Women's personal attributes (i.e., feeling anxiety or being in control during childbirth) had an effect on General symptoms and depressive symptoms, as well. Different aspects of birth satisfaction are important for maternal mental health following childbirth.

Uvod: Obporodno obdobje je obdobje številnih sprememb žensk, kar poveča možnost za razvoj duševnih motenj ali njihovega relapsa. Stres mater v času nosečnosti in jemanje psihofarmakov lahko negativno vplivata na izid nosečnosti, tako za mater kot za otroka. Vloga medicinskih sester v povezavi z drugimi člani multidisciplinarnega tima zagotavlja dobro informiranost žensk in njihovih družin pri odločitvi za zdravo nosečnost žensk in še nerojenega otroka. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je izpostaviti pomen zdravstveno vzgojnega dela medicinskih sester v povezavi z jemanjem psihofarmakov v obporodnem obdobju žensk s kronično duševno motnjo. Metode dela: Pri pisanju diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda raziskovalnega dela, in sicer pregled slovenske in tuje literature. Pri iskanju smo upoštevali nabor ustrezne literature znanstvenih in strokovnih člankov ter druge oblike ustreznih virov literature, ki obravnavajo temo diplomskega dela. Obdobje iskanja literature je potekalo od decembra 2020 do septembra 2021. Rezultati: Kljub možnostim tveganja v obporodnem obdobju se je zdravljenje s psihofarmaki izkazalo za dokaj varno. Malo je predstavnikov iz skupin psihofarmakov, ki jih v tem času ne priporočajo oziroma imajo teratogene učinke. Kljub rednim pregledom v nosečnosti je pomembno natančno spremljanje bolezni s strani psihiatra, merjenje vsebnosti zdravila v krvi in prilagajanje odmerka glede na potrebe. Medicinske sestre informirajo ženske in družine o njihovi bolezni ter znakih relapsa. Brez obsojanja nudijo podporo in pomagajo ženskam skozi mirno nosečnost in porod. Razprava in zaključek: Osebna prepričanja žensk in njihove izkušnje vplivajo na odločitev o jemanju zdravil med nosečnostjo. Naloga medicinskih sester je, da ženske informirajo in jih podpirajo pri njihovi odločitvi. Empatija in sproščena komunikacija omogočata dober terapevtski odnos. Medicinske sestre predstavljajo pomemben del v celoti zdravljenja duševnih motenj pri ženskah in s tem vplivajo na dober izid nosečnosti ter poroda. Introduction: The perinatal period is a period of many changes in a woman, which increase the chances of developing a mental illness or relapse of a disease. Maternal stress during pregnancy and taking psychopharmaceuticals can negatively affect the outcome of pregnancy for both mother and child. The role of a nurse in conjunction with other members of the multidisciplinary team ensures that a woman and her family are well informed when deciding on a healthy pregnancy for her and the unborn child. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to highlight the importance of health education work of a nurse in connection with the use of psychopharmaceuticals in the perinatal period of a woman with a chronic mental disorder. Methods: A descriptive method of research work was used in writing the diploma thesis, namely a review of Slovenian and foreign literature. In the search, we took into account a set of relevant scientific and professional articles and other forms of relevant sources of literature that address the topic of the thesis. The literature search period ran from December 2020 to September 2021. Results: Despite potential risks during the perinatal period, treatment with psychopharmaceuticals has been shown to be fairly safe. There are few representatives from the group of psychopharmaceuticals that are not recommended or have teratogenic effects at this time. Despite regular check-ups during pregnancy, it is important to closely monitor the illness by a psychiatrist, measure the content of the medicine in the blood and adjust the dose according to the needs. Nurse informs a woman and her family about her illness and signs of relapse. Nurse offers support without condemnation and helps a woman through a peaceful pregnancy and childbirth. Discussion and conclusion: Women’s personal beliefs and their experience influence the decision to take medication during pregnancy. It is a nurse’s job to inform women and support them in their decision. In particular, empathy and relaxed communication enable a good therapeutic relationship. Thus, nurse represents an important part in the overall treatment of mental illness in women and thus affects the good outcome of pregnancy and childbirth.

The purpose of the bachelor thesis entitled "Gravid Yoga and Childbirth." is to evaluate the benefits of gravid yoga on the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The thesis has a theoretical part where I first discuss the physical activity as such and why it is important for us. We will talk about yoga as a whole. I also mention the different styles of yoga and what is characteristic for them, as the research part deals with the styles of yoga in women practitioners. I then discuss trimester by trimester with individual recommendations and contraindications within pregnancy. I also discuss basic breathing and relaxation techniques that can be beneficial in preparation for birth as well as in the birth itself. The research portion then focuses directly on an anonymous questionnaire where I collect data from 103 women practicing gravid yoga. For my research, I set myself a total of 5 objectives, namely to find out whether pregnant women think yoga has an impact on their fitness during pregnancy and on the course of labour. Also to find out whether women think yoga has an effect on back and lower back pain. The third aim is to find out how many women practiced yoga before pregnancy. The penultimate and fourth objective of my research is about the reason for starting gravid yoga. And the last objective...

The bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes and its influence on the management and course of labour and early neonatal adaptation. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common perinatal complications that poses risks to both mother and fetus. The fetus is particularly at risk for diabetic fetopathy with macrosomia, which can be a complication during the labour. Depending on the compensation of diabetes and the birth weight of the baby, the mother is at risk of more severe birth injuries. The aim of this study was to determine whether gestational diabetes has an effect on the management and course of labour compared to women without diabetes. We also attempted to clarify whether mothers with gestational diabetes suffer more extensive perineal lacerations, whether the average birth weight of newborns of mothers with GDM is higher, and whether GDM is associated with poorer postpartum adaptation. These objectives were complemented by 3 hypotheses that helped to meet the stated objectives. The research part of the study consisted in retrospective collection of patient data from the MEDEA system at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Medical Faculty of Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. The data were collected from November 2021 to...

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of a speech therapy. It deals with premature birth in connection with communication disorder. The first part describes premature birth, mental, motor and speech development of premature babies which will be compared with the development of intact children. The diploma thesis also analyzes level and possibilities of care for premature babies with communication disorder. The second part deals with case studies and interviews using qualitative research methods. The research involved respondents aged 4 to 6 years who were born before the 34th week of pregnancy and their parents. Key words: premature birth, giving birth, low birth weight, prematurity, pregnancy, speech therapy, speech development, communication disorder, speech therapy intervention

This bachelor thesis dealt with the topic of the role of midwives in supporting a woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The thesis consists of two parts, namely the theoretical part and the research part. In the theoretical part there is information about pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and related issues. Education, involvement of the woman's partner and his cooperation with the midwife are issues that this bachelor thesis deals with. In the research part of the bachelor thesis, a quantitative method was used for data collection. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions, of which 25 were closed, 9 semi-closed and 14 open questions. In the introduction, there were sorting questions. Next, the questions were divided into three basic areas: pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The questionnaire was directed for men whose wife already gave birth. The questionnaire was distributed online, via the social network Facebook and via a direct link and sent to men of an unlimited age category whose wife already gave birth. A total of 120 men participated in the research. The questionnaire was processed using Microsoft Excel. Answers were processed using graphic representation accompanied by a verbal description. In this work, we set 1 goal: To find out what is the role of the midwife in supporting the woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. For the research part, 3 hypotheses were established. The first was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during pregnancy in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of pregnancy. Here, a dependence was not found between the partner's awareness of the course of pregnancy in a woman and a more positive perception of this period. The second hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during the period of childbirth in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of childbirth. Hypothesis number two has been confirmed. The third hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife in the postpartum period in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the postpartum period. Hypothesis number three has also been confirmed.

This bachelor's thesis describes if selected factors influence the method of childbirth and injuries during childbirth. These factors are the mother's BMI before pregnancy, the number of births to date, mother's age and the weight of the fetus. The data in the practical part are collected from the NIS MEDEA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Apolinářská 18, Prague 2, Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the work focuses on the general anatomy of the female pelvis, and describes the types of perineal lacerations and surgical vaginal births and their risks. Key words: labour, pregnancy, perineal lacerations, cesarian section, operational vaginal birth, pelvic anatomy, pelvic floor

The topic of this bachelor thesis is the importance of a partner's presence at childbirth. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on three main areas. The first section describes the period of pregnancy and the male role in this period. The second section deals with the birth itself and with the issue of the future father's participation in the birth. The third area of the theoretical part of this work describes the period after childbirth and possible psychological consequences for the father. It deals with factors which influence the father's emotional attachment to the child. The main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to find out how significant is for men their own presence at the birth of their child in the environment of czech maternity hospitals. How do they prepare for this event and to what extent. How do they perceive the environment of the maternity hospital and its staff. It also researches the role and help of the partner during the birth and the impact of the experience on the partner's psyche and the couple's relationship. In order to achieve the goals mentioned above, quantitative research in the form of an online questionnaire was used. The research involved men who were present at the birth of their child or children. The research part...

V pričujočem magistrskem delu avtorica raziskuje doživljanje nosečnosti, poroda, babiške obravnave ter poporodnega obdobja pri ženskah z izkušnjo spolne zlorabe v otroštvu. V teoretičnem delu se osredotoči na vseobsegajoče vplive spolne zlorabe na omenjena obdobja. Osredotoči se na čustveni, psihološki in tudi fizični vidik posledic zlorabe ter na priporočene načine babiške in porodniške obravnave žensk z izkušnjo spolne zlorabe v otroštvu. Predstavi pomen razumevanja razsežnosti posledic spolnega nasilja ter pomen sočutne, celostne, na žensko osrediščene babiške obravnave. Prikaže pogoste stiske, duševne motnje in druge izzive, s katerimi se ženske soočajo ter se osredotoči na pomen podpore. V zadnjem delu teoretičnega dela predstavi tudi izzive v času dojenja, materinstva, vzgoje in partnerstva, ki se pri ženski z izkušnjo zlorabe lahko pojavijo. Empirični del predstavlja in raziskuje omenjene fenomene s pomočjo kvalitativne fenomenološke metodologije. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 5 žensk z izkušnjo spolne zlorabe v otroštvu ter z izkušnjo nosečnosti, poroda in materinstva. Ženske so bile stare med 20 in 60 let, v večini z visokošolsko izobrazbo. Na podlagi poslušanja in analize transkriptov poglobljenih intervjujev, ki jih je avtorica opravila z udeleženkami, ugotavlja, kako so ženske doživljale fenomen nosečnosti, poroda, babiške obravnave in materinstva. Rezultati so pokazali, da so v večini med nosečnostjo doživljale različne strahove, četudi so se večinoma nosečnosti veselile. Poleg tega so rezultati pokazali pomen sočutne obravnave in podpore med porodom. Ena od udeleženk je kot deklica doživela spolno nasilje s strani zdravstvenih delavcev. Vse so opisovale tudi občutke neslišanosti, pomanjkanja podpore med porodom, nekatere tudi verbalno nasilje, ki so ga doživele s strani zdravstvenih delavcev. Večina udeleženk je imela negativno porodno izkušnjo, ki pa je vplivala tudi na poporodno obdobje. Raziskava je pokazala tudi pogostost drugih oblik nasilja s strani več storilcev. V našo fenomenološko raziskavo smo vključili 5 žensk z izkušnjo zlorabe v otroštvu in nosečnosti, poroda ter materinstva. Raziskovali smo individualno in splošno doživljanje vseh udeleženk. Rezultate raziskav ne moremo posplošiti na splošno populacijo, so pa izsledki lahko vodilo za nadaljnje raziskave na tem področju in predvsem za poglobljeno razumevanje doživljanja nosečnosti, poroda, babiške obravnave in materinstva pri ženskah z izkušnjo spolne zlorabe v otroštvu. In the master's thesis, the author explores the experience of pregnancy, childbirth, midwifery treatment, and the postpartum period in women with experience of sexual abuse in childhood. The theoretical part focuses on the pervasive effects of sexual abuse on these periods. The author focuses on the emotional, psychological as well as physical aspects of the consequences of abuse, and on the recommended ways of midwifery and obstetric care of women who experienced childhood sexual abuse. The first part presents the importance of understanding the extent of the consequences of sexual violence and the importance of sensitive, holistic, woman-centered midwifery care. It shows the frequent hardships, mental disorders, and other challenges that women face and focuses on the importance of support. In the last part of the theoretical part of the presentation, there are also challenges during breastfeeding, motherhood, upbringing, and partnership that can occur in a woman with experience of abuse. The empirical part presents and researches the mentioned phenomena with the help of a qualitative phenomenological methodology. The study included 5 women with experience of childhood sexual abuse and with experience of pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood. Women were between 20 and 60 years old, mostly with a university degree. Based on listening to and analyzing transcripts of in-depth interviews conducted by the author with the participants, she finds out how women experienced the phenomenon of pregnancy, childbirth, midwifery treatment and motherhood. The results showed that most experienced different fears during pregnancy, although they were mostly looking forward to the pregnancy. In addition, the results showed the importance of compassionate treatment and support during childbirth. One of the participants experienced sexual violence by health professionals as a child. All also described feelings of inaudibility, lack of support during childbirth, some also verbal violence experienced by health professionals. Most of the participants had a negative birth experience, which also affected the postpartum period. The research has also shown the frequency of other forms of violence by multiple perpetrators. We included five women who experienced childhood sexual abuse and pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood in our phenomenological research. We researched the individual and general experiences of all participants. The results of the research cannot be generalized to the general population, but the results can be a guide for further research in this area and especially for an in-depth understanding of pregnancy, childbirth, midwifery and motherhood in women with childhood sexual abuse.

Oplodnjom jajne stanice u razdoblju ovulacije dolazi do trudnoće. Trudnoća traje 280 dana računajući od prvog dana zadnjeg menstrualnog ciklusa. Prvih 8 tjedana nakon oplodnje plod se naziva embrij što znači ''iznutra rastuće'', nakon tog perioda ga nazivamo fetus. Važan organ u trudnoći je posteljica koja fetusu osigurava zaštitu, prehranu, hormonalnu regulaciju te izmjenu plinova sve do poroda. Trudnoća je podijeljena u tri stadija koja se nazivaju tromjesečja. Za vrijeme trajanja trudnoće važno je kvalitetno fizički i psihički pripremiti trudnicu za porod i babinje. Psihičkom pripremom trudnice za porod smanjuje se osjećaj straha, anksioznost, pojava boli pri porodu te se povećava kvalitetnija suradnja trudnice s osobljem u rađaoni. Fizička priprema rodilje obuhvaća prijem u rađaonu i sve potrebne postupke do završetka porođaja. Trudovi označavaju početak porođaja, a porođaj čine 4 porođajna doba. Prvo porođajno doba započinje pripravnim trudovima, drugo doba se naziva i doba izgona ili istiskivanja, treće porođajno doba započinje porođajem djeteta i završava porodom placente, četvrto porođajno doba započinje porodom posteljice, a označava prijelaz od porođaja ka puerperiju ili babinju. Edukacija trudnica ima za cilj ukloniti i umanjiti strahove koje trudnice osjećaju u ovom periodu. Patronažne sestre kao dio zdravstvenog tima imaju zadatak promicati i očuvati zdravlje obitelji, zajednice i pojedinca te prilikom posjeta educirati trudnicu o promjenama u trudnoći i babinju, pratiti visokorizične trudnice, a nakon povratka iz rodilišta patronažna sestra skrbi za babinjačui novorođenče. U edukaciji i pripremi trudnice za porod i babinje sudjeluju i primalje te medicinske sestre u rodilištu. Kvalitetna psihička i fizička priprema trudnice omogućuje da trudnica bez tjeskobe i straha bude spremna za sami čin poroda. Babinje koje slijedi nakon poroda i traje 6 tjedana predstavlja važan period za majku i novorođenče u kojem je važna podrška medicinske sestre koja svojim savjetima i pomoći omogućava što bolju prilagodbu majke i novorođenčeta na novonastalo razdoblje. Fertilization of the egg cell during ovulation leads to pregnancy. Pregnancy lasts 280 days from the first day of the last menstrual cycle. The first 8 weeks after fertilization, the fetus is called the embryo, which means "growing from the inside", after that period we call it the fetus. Important organ inpregnancy is the placenta, which provides the fetus with protection, nutrition, hormonal regulation and gas exchange until birth. Pregnancy is divided into three stages called trimesters. During pregnancy, it is important to prepare a pregnant woman physically and mentally for childbirth and midwifery. The mental preparation of the pregnant woman for childbirth reduces the feeling of fear, anxiety, the appearance of pain during childbirth and increases the quality of cooperation of the pregnant woman with the staff in the delivery room. The physical preparation of the mother includes the admission to the delivery room and all the necessary procedures until the end of the birth. Contractions marks the beginning of childbirth which consists of 4 childbirth periods. The first period of childbirth begins with preparatory labor, the second period is also called the period of expulsion or pushing, the third period of childbirth begins with the birth of a child and ends with the birth of the placenta,the fourth period of childbirth begins with the birth of the placenta, and marks the transition from childbirth to puerperium or midwifery. The education of pregnant women aims to remove and reduce the fears that pregnant women feel duringt his period. Patronage nurses as part of the health team have the task of promoting and preserving the health of the family, community and individual and during the visit to educate the pregnant woman about changes in pregnancy and midwifery, monitor high-risk pregnant women. After returning from the maternity ward patronage nurse takes care of the baby and the mother. Midwives and nurses at the maternity hospital also participate in the education and preparation of pregnant women for childbirth. Quality mental and physical preparation of the pregnant womanen ables the pregnant woman to be ready for the act of childbirth without anxiety and fear. Midwifery that follows after childbirth and lasts 6 weeks is an important period for mother an dnewbornin which the support of a nurse is important, who with her advice and help allows the mother and newborn to better adapt to the new period.

UVOD: Bolest COVID-19 uzrokovana je SARS-CoV-2 virusom iz porodice beta-koronavirusa. Prvi slučaj zaraze u svijetu zabilježen je u prosincu 2019. godine, dok u Hrvatskoj u veljači 2020. godine. COVID-19 je akutna respiratorna bolest i glavni način širenja je kapljičnim putem, respiratornim sekretima i izravnim kontaktom. U većini zaraženih bolesnika javlja se blaga do umjereno teška klinička slika. Kod od nekih bolesnika posebice onih sa raznim komorbiditetima može doći i do letalnog ishoda. Pandemija COVID-19 izazvala je strah, tjeskobu i zabrinutost kod cijelog stanovništva. Situacija s COVID-19 pandemijom uvelike je promijenila nadzor nad trudnoćom i sami porod. Mjere povezane sa COVID-19 kao što su neodržavanja trudničkih tečajeva uživo, zabrane pratnje na porodu, produljene samoizolacije za trudnice i testiranje na COVID-19 infekciju kod svake hospitalizacije uvelike su promijenile i negativno utjecale na iskustva trudnica i rodilja. CILJ: U ovome radu cilj ispitivanja bio je ispitati stavove i iskustva trudnica i rodilja koje su se sa tim stanjem suočile za vrijeme COVID-19 pandemije. REZULTATI: Rezultati su prikupljeni kvalitativnom metodom koristeći polustrukturirani intervju. U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 15 ispitanica od toga 11 rodilja i 4 trudnice. Na temelju provedenih intervjua sve ispitanice se slažu kako je pandemija COVID-19 za vrijeme trudnoće kod njih povećala razinu zabrinutosti i straha za vlastito zdravlje, ali posebice za zdravlje nerođenog djeteta. Većina ispitanica smatra kako donesene epidemiološke mjere zbog pandemije COVID-19 loše utječu na samo iskustvo trudnoće i poroda. ZAKLJUČAK: Zaključujemo da je prisutnost visoko educiranog medicinskog osoblja od iznimne važnosti tijekom praćenja trudnoće i za vrijeme samog poroda. Kroz empatijski pristup medicinskog osoblja, posebice medicinskih sestara, se pokušava smanjiti osjećaj straha i zabrinutosti kod trudnica i rodilja. INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the beta-coronavirus family. The first case of infection in the world was recorded in December 2019, while in Croatia in February 2020. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease that spreads by droplets, respiratory secretions and direct contact. In most infected patients, a mild to moderate clinical presentation occurs. Amongst some of the patients, especially those with various comorbidities, disease can be fatal. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused fear, anxiety and concern among the entire population. The situation with the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly changed the control of pregnancy and childbirth itself. Measures related to COVID-19 such as cancelation of live pregnancy courses, bans on birth attendance, prolonged self-isolation for pregnant women and testing for COVID-19 infection at each hospitalization have greatly changed and negatively affected the experiences of pregnant women and new mothers. AIM: In this paper, the aim of the study was to examine the attitudes and experiences of pregnant women and new mothers who faced this condition during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Results were collected by a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews. The study involved 15 respondents, of which 11 new mothers and 4 pregnant women. Based on the interviews conducted, all respondents agree that the COVID-19 pandemic during pregnancy increased their level of concern and fear for their own health, but especially for the health of the unborn child. Most of the respondents believe that the epidemiological measures created due to the COVID-19 pandemic have a bad effect on the experience of pregnancy and childbirth. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the presence of highly educated medical staff is of utmost importance during pregnancy monitoring and during childbirth itself. Through the empathic approach of medical staff, especially nurses, an attempt is made to reduce feelings of fear and anxiety in pregnant women and new mothers.

Diplomsko delo je antropološki vpogled v izkušnjo poroda v Sloveniji in po svetu v času pandemije covid-19. V diplomskem delu so izpostavljeni ukrepi, ki so bili zaradi zmanjševanja možnosti prenosa okužbe sprejeti v porodnišnicah. Poglobljeno se ukvarja z začasno ukinitvijo pravice do porodnega spremljevalca. V navezavi na sprejete ukrepe se besedilo posveča pojavu medikalizacije poroda in vprašanju, kako se ta kaže v času pandemije. Prav tako se ukvarja z vprašanjem vloge posameznih zdravstvenih delavcev pri porodu v času pandemije in kdo od njih je tisti, ki je sposoben ugotavljati psihofizično stanje porodnice ter v skladu s tem sprejemati odločitve za njeno obravnavo. This bachelor’s thesis concerns the experience of childbirth in Slovenia as well as abroad during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the topic from an anthropological perspective, its focus is on the preventative measures implemented in an attempt to halt the rate of infection in maternity wards, notably the restrictions placed on birth attendants. Regarding these measures, the text also deliberates on the phenomenon of medicalization in maternity wards as well as the means by which these are exhibited during times of pandemic. The question of various medical professionals and their role during pregnancy, specifically which are able to provide adequate care in relation to the woman’s psychophysical condition and work in her best interest, is also considered.

Uvod: Poznamo različne modele obravnave žensk v času nosečnosti, poroda in poporodnega obdobja. Model kontinuirane babiške obravnave zajema celostno in integrirano obravnavo, ki jo z vodenjem in izvajanjem obravnave zagotavlja ena babica, skupina babic ali je ta skrb deljena z različnimi strokovnjaki. Ženskam je ob babiški obravnavi zagotovljena ustrezna podpora in razumevanje, obenem pa babica nudi osebni stik in bližino. Z vzpostavitvijo zaupanja se ženska počuti mnogo bolj udobno in bolj samozavestno sprejema informacije. Babice so prav tako bolj zadovoljne v tem modelu, saj jim nudi večji občutek avtonomije in osebnostne ter strokovne rasti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti različne modele babiške obravnave in opisati kontinuirano babiško obravnavo ter predstaviti prednosti in omejitve modela kontinuirane babiške obravnave v primerjavi z ostalimi modeli, vključno z učinkom kontinuirane obravnave na ženske in babice. Metode dela: Opravljen je bil vsebinski pregled literature, objavljene med 2011-2021, v različnih bazah podatkov, kot so PubMed, MEDLINE, PEDro, ScienceDirect, DiKUL, COBISS. Izbrane vire smo ocenili z lestvico PEDro in tako pridobili primerno literaturo. Uporabili smo ključne besede v slovenskem jeziku: babica, nosečnost, poporodno obdobje, porod, spremljanje nosečnosti. Rezultati: V dokončen pregled smo vključili 16 virov. Potrdili so mnoge prednosti tega modela za nosečnice, predvsem manj zapletov med nosečnostjo, boljše splošno udobje med nosečnostjo in večjo samozavest pri materinstvu v času po porodu. Kontinuirana obravnava prav tako zmanjšuje zaplete med in po porodu pri otroku. Babice menijo, da se občasno počutijo obremenjene z delom zaradi konstantne pripravljenosti, vendar je v primerjavi z drugimi modeli obravnave je obremenjenost, ter izgorelost na nižji stopnji. Razprava in zaključek: Kontinuirana babiška obravnava v primerjavi s tradicionalnimi modeli, v katerih za nosečnico skrbi več babic ali obravnavo vodi drug strokovnjak, v povprečju zagotavlja boljše obporodne izide: manj zapletov pri porodih, manj intervencij ter boljše zadovoljstvo, počutje in zdravje ženske in otrok. Introduction: There are different models of midwifery for women and children during pregnancy, birth and postpartum period. The model of continuous midwifery care involves management and implementation of comprehensive and integrated treatment provided by one midwife, a group of midwives, or is shared with different professionals through the management and implementation of the treatment. Women are provided with appropriate support and understanding during midwifery treatment, while the midwife offers her personal contact and closeness. By establishing trust, a woman feels much more comfortable and is more confident in her midwife's competencies. Midwives are also more satisfied with this model, as it offers them a greater sense of autonomy and personal and professional growth. Purpose: The purpose of the final work was to present an introduction to the different models of midwifery care, and to describe continuous midwifery care. In this paper we investigated the advantages and limitations of the model of continuous midwifery treatment compared to other models of care, the effect of continuous care on women and children, and the effect of the model on employed midwives. Methods of work: The final work is based on a systematic review of the literature, which were published between 2011 and 2021 in various databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, PEDro, ScienceDirect, DiKUL, COBISS. Selected sources were evaluated with the PEDro scale and thus we obtained appropriate literature for review. We used keywords in english language: midwife, pregnancy control, pregnancy, puerperium, birth. Results: We included 16 sources in the final review. Studies confirmed many benefits for pregnant women, most notably fewer complications during pregnancy, better overall comfort during pregnancy, and greater confidence in motherhood in the postpartum period. Continuous care also reduces the chances of complications during and after childbirth for the baby. Midwives feel that they occasionally feel overwhelmed with work due to constantly being on-call, but compared to other models, the workload and burnout is at a lower level. Discussion and conclusion: Continuous midwifery care, compared to traditional models in which a pregnant woman is cared for by various midwives or by a specialist, on average provides better outcomes in the birth process namely fewer complications, less interventions, better satisfaction and well-being of the mother and child throughout the maternity process.

Uvod: Višeplodna trudnoća predstavlja razvoj više od jednog ploda u maternici. Kad jedan spermij oplodi jednu jajnu stanicu razvit će se jednojajčani blizanci. S druge strane postoje dvojajčani blizanci koji nastaju kada dva spermija oplodne dvije jajne stanice. Glavno sredstvo u dijagnostici i praćenju višeplodne trudnoće je ultrazvuk. Cilj: Opisati višeplodnu trudnoću, njezine karakteristike i komplikacije koje se mogu dogoditi tijekom trudnoće i poroda. Fokus je stavljen na sam porod višeplodne trudnoće i zadatke koje primalja obavlja za vrijeme i nakon poroda. Rasprava: S obzirom da je riječ o rizičnoj trudnoći, komplikacije se mogu razviti kod fetusa i majke. Kako tijekom trudnoće, tako i kod samo porođaja komplikacije nisu isključene. Blizanci se mogu roditi vaginalnim putem ili carskim rezom. Način porođaja ovise o gestacijskoj dobi, položaju djece te komorbiditetu majke. Uloga primalje je bitna tijekom cijele trudnoće. Njezin zadatak je da bude profesionalna, kompetentna, da educira trudnicu, te psihička i fizička priprema za porod. Primalja treba pripremiti sve potrebno za porod, biti sterilna pri porođaju i naposljetku zbrinuti novorođenčad na adekvatan način. Zaključak: Važno je da blizanačku trudnoću i porod vodi vrstan ginekološki tim. Porod blizanačke trudnoće treba biti obavljen u tercijarnom centru. Većina blizanaca bude rođena carskim rezom kako bi se smanjile posljedice za djecu. Introduction: Multiple pregnancy is the development of more than one fetus in the womb. Identical twins will develop, when one sperm fertilizes one egg,. On the other hand, there are fraternal twins that are formed when two sperm fertilize two eggs. The main tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple pregnancies is ultrasound. Goal: The aim is to describe multiple pregnancy, its characteristics and complications that can occur during pregnancy and childbirth. The focus is on the birth of a multiple pregnancy and the tasks that the midwife performs during and after the birth. Discussion: Since it is a high-risk pregnancy, complications can develop in the fetus and to the mother. Complications are not excluded both during pregnancy and in childbirth. Twins can be born vaginally or by caesarean section. The method of delivery depends on the gestational age, the position of the children and the comorbidity of the mother. The role of the midwife is essential throughout the pregnancy. Her task is to be competent, professional, to educate and prepare pregnant women mentally and physically for childbirth. The midwife should prepare everything necessary for childbirth, be sterile at birth and finally take care of the newborn in an adequate way. Conclusion: It is important that the twin pregnancy and childbirth are led by a good gynecological team. The delivery of a twin pregnancy should be performed in a tertiary center. Most twins are born by caesarean section to reduce the consequences for the children.

Namen naše naloge je bil ugotoviti, kakšna je seznanjenost porodnic s stanjem razmika preme trebušne mišice, seznanjenost o ukrepih za zmanjšanje tega ter kakšen je vpliv vrste vadbe na razmik preme trebušne mišice in ostale poporodne težave. Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika 1ka, ki je zajemal 21 vprašanj. Pridobljene podatke smo zbrali in uredili v programu Microsoft Excel 2013 ter jih analizirali v statističnem programu IBM SPSS 21 IBM. Za analizo anketnega vprašalnika smo uporabili opisno statistiko. Prikazali smo frekvence in pripadajoče odstotke odgovorov, povprečne vrednosti, standardne odklone, minimum in maksimum odgovorov. Rezultate smo podali v obliki tabel. Za preverjanje statistično značilnih razlik v porazdelitvah odgovorov smo uporabili Hi-kvadrat test. Za iskanje statistično značilnih razlik v povprečjih dveh neodvisnih skupin smo uporabili t-test za dva neodvisna vzorca. Homogenost varianc smo preverjali s pomočjo Levenovega testa. Za iskanje moči povezanosti med dvema številskima spremenljivkama smo uporabili neparametrični Spearmanov korelacijski test. Vsa testiranja smo opravili pri stopnji tveganja 5 %. Naše ugotovitve kažejo, da je več kot tretjina (42,3 %) porodnic seznanjena s stanjem razmika preme trebušne mišice po porodu s strani strokovno usposobljenega delavca. Približno tretjini (30,9 %) porodnic je razmik izmeril fizioterapevt po porodu v porodnišnici, najpogosteje v porodnišnici Šempeter pri Novi Gorici (84,6 %), na Jesenicah (68,4 %) in v Ljubljani (66,4 %). V porodnišnici Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec in Celje razmika preme trebušne mišice niso izmerili niti eni porodnici. Znanje o pravilnosti vadbe med nosečnostjo in po porodu je bilo v povprečju dobro (10,5 od 15 točk). Nekaj manj kot četrtina (21,5 %) vseh anketirank, ki so bile telesno aktivne po porodu, se je udeleževala vodenih vadb za nosečnice, v živo pa le 3,5 % anketirank. Deleži udeležbe so bili precej višji med nosečnostjo, ko še ni bilo prisotnih posledic pandemije Covid-19 (približno tretjina vseh anketirank je bila aktivna med nosečnostjo). Več kot tri četrtine anketirank, ki imajo prisoten čezmeren razmik preme trebušne mišice, ima tudi katero od posledic čezmernega razmika. Najpogosteje porodnice s prisotnim čezmernim razmikom preme trebušne mišice navajajo bolečine v križu (67,0 %), slabšo telesno držo (54,0 %) ter urinsko inkontinenco (36,0 %). Pri anketirankah, ki izvajajo vodeno vadbo po porodu, vadba bolje vpliva na bolečine v križu, kot pri anketirankah, ki vodene vadbe ne izvajajo (a izvajajo kakšno drugo telesno aktivnost, npr. hojo, tek, kolesarjenje itd.). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the awareness of women with the state of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA), awareness of measures to reduce DRA, and the impact of the type of exercise on DRA and other postpartum problems. Data were collected using the 1ka questionnaire, which included 21 questions. The obtained data were collected and edited in Microsoft Excel 2013 and then analyzed in the IBM SPSS 21 statistical program IBM. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey questionnaire. Frequencies and corresponding response percentages, mean values, standard deviations, minimum and maximum responses were shown. The results were given in the form of tables. The Hi-square test was used to check statistically significant differences in the distributions of responses. To find statistically significant differences in the averages of the two independent groups, we used the t-test for two independent samples. The homogeneity of the variances was checked using the Leven test. A nonparametric Spearman correlation test was used to find the strength of the relationship between two numerical variables. All tests were performed at a risk level of 5%. Our findings show that more than a third (42.3%) of mothers are aware of the state of DRA after childbirth by a professionally trained worker. Approximately one third (30.9%) of women were measured by a physiotherapist after giving birth in a maternity hospital, most common in the Šempeter maternity hospital near Nova Gorica (84.6%), in Jesenice (68.4%) and in Ljubljana (66.4%). In the maternity hospitals in Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec and Celje, not a single woman was measured. Knowledge of the correctness of exercise during pregnancy and after childbirth was on average good (10.5 out of 15 points). Slightly less than a quarter (21.5%) of all respondents who were physically active after childbirth participated in guided exercises for pregnant women, while only 3.5% of respondents took part in live exercises. Participation rates were significantly higher during pregnancy, when the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic were not yet present (approximately one third of all respondents were active during pregnancy). More than three-quarters of respondents who have DRA also have any of the consequences of DRA. Most often, women with DRA report low back pain (67.0%), poor posture (54.0%) and urinary incontinence (36.0%). In respondents who perform guided exercise after childbirth, exercise has a better effect on low back pain than in respondents who do not perform guided exercise (but perform some other physical activity such as walking, running, cycling, etc.).

Uvod: Motnja v duševnem razvoju se kaže kot bistven primanjkljaj v intelektualnih funkcijah, kot tudi v zmanjšani možnosti prilagajanja, ki na dnevni ravni vključuje socialne in praktične sposobnosti. Spolnost oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju je od nekdaj predstavljala tabu. Njihove pravice v zvezi s seksualnostjo so bile kršene. Tuje raziskave so pokazale zaskrbljenost babic zaradi pomanjkljivega znanja na področju poučevanja in obsežnega prilagajanja informacij, ki jih podajajo tem ljudem glede varnih spolnih odnosov in drugih podatkov povezanih z nosečnostjo, porodom in poporodnim obdobjem. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati in preučiti, kako poteka nosečnost, kakšni so perinatalni izidi ter preživljanje poporodnega obdobja pri ženskah z motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Želimo pridobiti mnenja babic o lastni usposobljenosti za delo z ženskami z motnjo v duševnem razvoju ter pridobiti podatke, s katerimi izzivi se srečujejo tekom izvajanje babiške obravnave. Metode dela: V prvem delu diplomskega dela je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Uporabljeno literaturo smo pridobili preko podatkovnih baz COBISS, Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect in Wiley Online Library. V drugem delu diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena kvalitativna metodologija polstrukturiranih intervjujev s petimi slovenskimi babicami, ki so zaposlene v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Maribor. Dovoljenje za izvajanje študije smo pridobili s strani Strokovne službe zdravstvene nege Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Maribor. Izbrali smo pet babic, ki imajo vsaj tri leta delovnih izkušenj v porodnišnici. Posnetkom intervjujev je sledila transkripcija, ki je bila osnova za pridobitev kategorij in kod. Rezultati: Babice svojo vlogo vidijo kot podporo ženski med porodom, sebe vidijo kot pristojne za vodstvo in usmerjanje ženske z motnjo v duševnem razvoju skozi proces poroda. V obravnavo take ženske vključujejo patronažno službo, Center za socialno delo, psihologa, psihiatra in svojce. Največji izziv pri obravnavi take ženske jim predstavlja komunikacija. Način komunikacije babice prilagodijo glede na stopnjo motnje v duševnem razvoju. Babice si želijo pridobiti več znanja na tem področju. Večina se jih ne počuti dovolj kompetentno za izvajanje ustrezne oskrbe ženske z motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Glede ustvarjanja družine med temi osebami so mnenja, da je ta odločitev odvisna od stopnje motnje v duševnem razvoju matere in podpore partnerja. Razprava in zaključek: V Sloveniji praktično ni raziskav, ki bi opisovale to problematiko. Raziskovanje tega področja bo doprineslo h kvalitetnejši oskrbi žensk z motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Introduction: Intellectual disability is chategorized by a significant deficit in intellectual functions and adaptive ability, which affects also many everyday social and practical skills. The sexsuality of the intellectualy disabled has always been a taboo and intelectually disabled persons’ sexsual rights have often been violated in the past. Recent research has brought to attention the concerns of many midwives about the lack of their pedagogical knowledge in working with intelectually disabled mothers and the need for an extensive adaptation of information they have at their disposal, to pass on to intellectually disabled women about safe sex, pregnancy, childbirth and pospartum period. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to research and study the course of pregnancy, prenatal outcomes and postpartum period of women with intellectual disability. We then also wish to collect the opinions of midwives about their own ability to work with intellectually disabled women and about the challenges they face during the implementation of midwifery care in the same case. Methods: The first part of the research was theoretical where we reviewed the literature on the topic of the pregnacy, labour and postpartum period of intelectually disabled women. The literature used for the purpose of this research was obtaind through the databases COBISS, Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library. The second part was conducted in a form of a qualitative study, where semi-structured interviews were used as a method of research. Participants were five Slovenian midwives employed in University Clinical Centre Maribor. Results: Results of our study have shown that midwives in Slovenia view their role as supporting intelectually disabled women in childbirth, being responsible for leading and guiding them through the whole birthing process. They aslo feel that the whole treatment process of intelectually disabled mothers should include the patronage service, social workers (Social work centres), a psychologist, a psychiatrist and relatives of the mother. The biggest challenge midwives perceive having in dealing with intelectually disabled women is communication. They try to adjust their communication according to the degree of intellectual disability of the mother. Slovenian midwives also report the wish to gain more education and training in the aria of woriking with intellectually disabled women, since most of them feel they lack experience and specific knowledge. Lastly, midwives then also feel that family planing of persons with intelectuall disability should be done according to the degree of their intellectual impairment. Discussion and Conclusion: Research on the topic of midwives’ support of intellectually disabled mothers in Slovenia is sparse, so further study in this area should help to develop better methods and procedures of how to efficiently teach intelectually disabled mothers about pregancy and family care. This would also support Slovenian midwives in their efforts of offering t quality midwifery care for women with intellectual disabilities.