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Objective: To investigate the relationship between ABO blood group and preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 230 and 460 women with and without preeclampsia. ABO blood groups were compared and associated factors for preeclampsia were determined. Results: Blood group O was significantly more common in early-onset and less common in late-onset preeclampsia. Regression analysis showed that blood group O decreased the risk of late-onset preeclampsia (aOR 0.63, 95%CI 0.42-0.93) but increased the risk of early-onset preeclampsia (aOR 1.97 95%CI 1.05-3.69). Conclusion: Blood group O decreased the risk of late-onset preeclampsia while it increased the risk of early-onset preeclampsia.

Introduction: There is little information on the effect of maternal characteristics and on-admission laboratory parameters to the therapeutic serum magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) levels in women with preeclampsia (PE). We sought to identify factors that may predict timely attainment of therapeutic serum magnesium levels after intravenous administration for seizure prophylaxis. Materials and methods: On-admission factors of 360 women with PE who received intravenous MgSO 4 (4-g loading and 2-g/h maintenance) for seizure prophylaxis were retrospectively reviewed. Parameters of those who attained therapeutic serum concentrations (4.8-8.4 mg/dL) within 2 h (Group A) and those who did not (Group B) were compared. Results: There was no seizure or magnesium toxicity in this cohort. Median (min-max) level of serum magnesium was 4.3 (2.5-8.4) mg/dL. Women in Group A ( n  = 105) had lower gestational age, body mass index (BMI), and platelets count, higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, uric acid, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, prothrombin, and partial thromboplastin times than those in Group B ( n  = 255) ( p  < .05). Women with mild PE were less likely to attain therapeutic serum magnesium levels compared with those with severe phenotypes (adjusted OR 23.57, 95% CI 8.20-67.76 versus adjusted OR 14.72, 95% CI 3.56-60.89, respectively; p  < .05), which may be explained by their significantly lower serum BUN and uric acid ( p  < .05). Conclusions: On-admission factors, especially BMI and renal clearance indices, of women with PE may affect timely attainment of therapeutic serum magnesium levels. Validation of its clinical impact requires further study focusing on women with severe PE.

Objective: To determine the incidence and associated factors of superimposed preeclampsia among pregnant women with chronic hypertension., Methods: A total of 300 pregnant women diagnosed with chronic hypertension were reviewed. Data were retrieved from medical records, including obstetric data, characteristics of hypertension, and pregnancy outcomes. Incidence of superimposed preeclampsia was estimated. Various characteristics were compared to determine associated risk factors., Results: Mean age of the cohort was 34.3 years, 47% were nulliparous, 50% had hypertension before pregnancy, and the others presented with hypertension before 20 weeks. Incidence of superimposed preeclampsia was 43.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 37.8-48.9). Women with superimposed preeclampsia were significantly more likely to have mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥105 mmHg at 18-20 and 24-28 weeks. Adverse neonatal outcomes were significantly more common among women with superimposed preeclampsia, including small for gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only MAP ≥105 mmHg at 24-28 weeks was independently associated with the increased risk of superimposed preeclampsia by 1.8-fold (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1, p = 0.031)., Conclusion: Incidence of superimposed preeclampsia was 43.3% among pregnant women with chronic hypertension, with increased adverse neonatal outcomes. High MAP ≥105 mmHg during late second trimester might be an important predictor of the condition.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between cord blood and maternal serum magnesium levels among pre-eclamptic pregnant women treated with magnesium sulfate., Materials and Methods: A total of 36 pregnant women, >28weeks' gestation, diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and treated with magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4) ), were enrolled. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained immediately after delivery and sent for determination of magnesium and calcium levels., Results:   Mean maternal age was 27.4±6.4years and mean gestational age was 38.1±1.8weeks. Most were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia (94.5%), others had HELLP syndrome. Mean total MgSO(4) the women received was 14.4±6.0g and mean duration of treatment was 5.1±3.3h. Mean maternal serum and cord blood magnesium levels were 2.2±0.4 and 1.8±0.3mmol/L, respectively. Maternal magnesium and calcium levels showed significant positive correlation with their levels in cord blood (P<0.001). Significant positive correlation was found between total dose as well as duration of MgSO4 and maternal and cord blood magnesium levels (P<0.001) but was inversely correlated with maternal and cord blood calcium levels., Conclusions: Maternal serum magnesium and calcium levels were correlated with cord blood levels in pre-eclamptic pregnant women who received MgSO4 therapy., (© 2011 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research © 2011 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Objective: Maternal pre-pregnancy weight is a risk of developing preeclampsia. Whether it is also associated with the disease severity is still elusive. This retrospective cohort was to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) at term and severity of preeclampsia., Material and Method: BMIs on the delivery date of 229 patients were analyzed with various indicators of the disease severity. The corrected BMI (cBMI), calculated by an exclusion of feto-placental unit, was additionally analyzed., Results: Neither maternal BMI nor cBMI correlated with the disease severity (p = 0.15 and 0.36). Patients who did and did not require MgSO4 do not have different BMI or cBMI (p = 0.12 and 0.23). Neonatal weight from severe disease arm does not differ from those with mild disease (p = 0.51). Counter-intuitively the correlations between birth weight and maternal BMI were stronger in the severe compared to the mild group (p = 0.0 and 0. 03)., Conclusion: Neither BMI nor cBMI at the time of delivery predict the severity of preeclampsia or the need for seizure prophylaxis. Birth weight of the baby born from preeclamptic mother might be affected by multiple factors.

This study only shows that MPV in severe preeclamptic women is statistically greater than in normal pregnant women. The increase in MPV occurs while there are still no changes in platelet number. MPV may be better and more sensitive than platelet number in detecting changes in platelets. This may be useful in high risk patients. The study neither reveals that increase in MPV antecedes the development of preeclampsia nor can it predict the severity of the disease. There should be further prospective studies on MPV in the future both in preeclamptic women and normal pregnant women.