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This book highlights recent progress on the advancements toward optimization of major biorefinery processes, including biomass pretreatment and fractionation, saccharification of sugars, and conversion of sugars and lignin into fuels and chemical precursors. The continual improvement of these processes and their integration in the format of a modern biorefinery is paving the way for a sustainable bio-economy that will displace large portions of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals with renewable substitutes. Written by leading researchers from academia and well-renowned industry professionals, this book provides a comprehensive review of various aspects related to the recent developments in biomass conversion and biorefinery, aimed at successfully implementing the circular economy principles in various industries.

The pursuit of energy security and climate action is inextricably linked to the intricate web of geopolitical dynamics. This book offers a fresh perspective, masterfully weaving together the threads of energy, geopolitics, and sustainability to create a powerful tapestry of insights and solutions. It delves into the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17, emphasizing the need for multi-stakeholder collaboration to revitalize global partnerships and align countries towards a shared vision for climate action. It introduces the innovative concept of Cooperative Sustainable Development (CSD), which synergizes energy security, climate action, and geopolitical dynamics. Delving into the heart of the Indo-Pacific region, a crucible of power struggles and resource competition, the authors expertly navigate the complexities of this geostrategic chessboard. Through meticulous research and incisive analysis, they unveil the intricate interplay between energy insecurity, political tensions, and the urgent need for climate action. Utilizing a multi-dimensional approach, this book offers readers a comprehensive, one-stop resource for understanding the geopolitics of energy and the path towards a peaceful, stable, secure, and clean Indo-Pacific powered by renewable energy.

This book contains selected papers from the 22nd World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC 2023) in Kuala Lumpur. The forum promotes renewable energy global development and features top international experts, policymakers, scientists, engineers, technology developers, and business practitioners addressing the most current research in sustainable energy development and innovation. The contributions address policy, technology, and applications across a wide range of topics, including solar thermal, geothermal energy, wind energy, turbines and generators, bioclimatic architecture, energy audits, construction and design, low carbon mobility, green steel, batteries and supercapacitors, regulatory issues and public policy, circular economy, urban mining and much more.

Although there are many publications about energy efficiency policies and renewable energy policies, most of them are specific to some countries or regions. As most of these publications focus on country and region specific issues, they may not be preferred in teaching the energy related policies in a university not from that country or region. The author has been teaching a course called “Energy Laws and Policies” for a long time. Over the years, she prepared detailed lecture notes about energy efficiency policies and renewable energy policies which are the basis of this book. It can be used by instructors around the World, or by students/individuals who want to learn more about these policies. It is aimed to serve as a textbook for undergraduate, and graduate level students. The book includes the definitions, types, advantages/disadvantages of energy efficiency policies and renewable energy policies in general. It also provides a comparative analysis on energy efficiency and renewable energy policy preferences of different countries. It will help the students to better understand the major differences between policies, how they are applied and which policies should be preferred under which conditions.

This book delves into the pressing issue of energy justice as it relates to SDG 7 and its far-reaching implications for society. With a comprehensive exploration of various aspects, from reducing energy burdens to political considerations, environmental justice, and human rights, this thought-provoking collection of chapters offers a profound understanding of the challenges and potential solutions surrounding energy justice. Starting with an introduction to the concept of energy justice and its significance, the editors lay the groundwork for an engaging discourse. The book then delves into the disproportionate energy burdens faced by low-income communities, shedding light on the difficult choices they must make to meet their basic needs. It further examines the intricate interplay between energy justice, politics, and environmental concerns, striving to find a harmonious balance. Drawing from a diverse range of perspectives, the chapters explore the intersection of energy justice with human rights, analyzing its implications for countries worldwide. The book also investigates the influence of disruptive events on renewable energy programs, presents an Islamic perspective on energy justice, and highlights the roles of the financial sector, fossil fuel industry, nuclear energy sector, and energy technology innovation in mitigating energy injustice. Chapter'The Role of the Financial Sector in Energy Justice'is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume analyses the energy industry for the following geographical units: America – divided into North America (Canada + USA) and Central and South America –, the Middle East and South Asia, East Asia and Oceania. The key energy-economic indicators for each region and country and their development, are illustrated in numerous graphs and energy flow diagrams. Based on this analysis, the author recommends a distribution of emission reductions necessary to limit climate change (for the 2°C and 1.5°C climate goals, with a perspective up to 2050).The continents covered in this volume collectively account for 77% of emissions. Europe + Eurasia and Africa will be addressed in volume I.

This book contributes to a better understanding of the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles for corporate value in the energy industry. In particular, it analyzes how the energy industry is achieving this shift in response to government regulations and how it is addressing specific ESG issues. It discusses various economic incentives and market-based policies for ESG activities in the energy sector and highlights how energy firms are using environmental, social and governance initiatives to create value. In turn, the book demonstrates how ESG principles can be implemented while considering various economic and corporate issues, such as financial markets, financial risks, asset pricing, value at risk, capital structure, capital budgeting, corporate (re)structuring, corporate governance, behavioral finance, financial performance, asset pricing, cost control, financial accounting, fiscal issues, institutions, governance, and legal aspects. Accordingly, it will appeal to scholars of economics, finance, and energy policy, and to anyone interested in the implementation of ESG principles in the energy industry.This is the ninth book in a series organized by the Centre for Energy and Value Issues (CEVI). In this book, CEVI collaborates with the Hacettepe University Energy Markets Research and Application Center (Ankara, Turkey). The previous volumes in the series were: Financial Aspects in Energy (2011), Energy Economics and Financial Markets (2012), Perspectives on Energy Risk (2014), Energy Technology and Valuation Issues (2015), Energy and Finance (2016), Energy Economy, Finance and Geostrategy (2018), Financial Implications of Regulations in the Energy Industry (2020) and Applied Operations Research and Financial Modelling in Energy (2021).

This book dedicates to publish exceptionally important and high-quality, agenda-setting research so as to tackle the key global and societal challenges of ensuring the provision of energy and protecting our environment for the future. The book appeals to chemical scientists, chemical and process engineers, energy researchers, bio-scientists and environmental scientists from across academia, industry and government. The scope is intentionally broad, and the book recognizes the complexity of issues and challenges relating to energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies and environmental science. The main topics of this book include but not limit to (1) alternative energy and the environment, (2) assessments of the condition of ecosystems and environmental quality, (3) behavior of and impacts of pollutants in atmosphere, soil and water, (4) management of ecosystems, environment and water resources, (5) modeling and regional environmental assessments (includes global change), (6) treatment/restoration of ecosystems, environment and water resources, (7) sustainable/renewable energy and(8) energy and built environment. All scales of studies and analysis, from impactful fundamental advances, to interdisciplinary research across the (bio)chemical, (bio/geo)physical sciences and chemical engineering disciplines are welcomed. So, this book is linked to the energy-environment nexus and is of significant general interest to our community-spanning readership.

​This book presents smart energy management in the context of energy transition. It presents the motivation, impacts and challenges related to this hot topic. Then, it focuses on the use of techniques and tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) to solve the challenges related to this problem. A global diagram presenting the general principle of these techniques is presented. Then, these techniques are compared according to a set of criteria in order to show their advantages and disadvantages with respect to the conditions and constraints of intelligent energy management applications in the context of energy transition. Several examples are used throughout the white paper to illustrate the concepts and methods presented. An intelligent electrical network (Smart grid—SG) includes heterogeneous and distributed electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption components. It is the next generation of electricity network able to manage electricity demand (consumption/production/distribution) in a sustainable, reliable and economical way taking into account the penetration of renewable energies (solar, wind, etc.). Therefore, an SG smart grid also includes an intelligent layer that analyzes the data provided by consumers as well as that collected from the production side in order to optimize consumption and production according to weather conditions, the profile and habits of the consumer. In addition, this system can improve the use of green energy through renewable energy penetration and demand response.

Dieses Buch hilft im eigenen Unternehmen die Prozesse und Ergebnisse zum Energieverbrauch zu bewerten und Verbesserungspotenziale aufzuspüren. Es gibt umsatzbezogene, bruttowertschöpfungsbezogene und beschäftigtenbezogene Energiekennziffern zum Zweck des Energiebenchmarkings für alle wichtigen Wirtschaftszweige in Deutschland (von der Herstellung von Nahrungs- und Futtermitteln über die Stahlindustrie bis zur Gewinnung von Erdöl und Erdgas). Eine Steigerung der Energieeffizienz ist Voraussetzung dafür, dass Unternehmen des produzierenden Gewerbes den Spitzenausgleich (eine Entlastung von der Energie- und der Stromsteuer) in Anspruch nehmen können.

The book presents the importance of restorative justice in today's energy transition across the world. It emphasizes the importance of a fair, equitable and inclusive shift towards a low-carbon economy. It recognizes climate change as the primary global challenge and advocates for an urgent and comprehensive energy transition where restorative justice is centrally utilised. Restorative justice focuses on identifying harm, assigning responsibility, protecting those affected, repairing damage, preventing future occurrences and providing a crucial foundation for seeking justice. It encompasses various forms of harm (economic, environmental, and social) and includes all stakeholders, including individuals, communities, and the environment. By providing a secure and structured platform for dialogue, restorative justice allows for diverse perspectives, challenging conversations and action for a just and sustainable world.

Dieses Buch beleuchtet das Thema finanzielles Wasserrisiko, indem es die Modellierungs-Herausforderungen untersucht, die mit physischem, regulatorischem und Ruf-bedingtem Wasserrisiko in der Finanzwelt verbunden sind. Es erkundet verschiedene Ansätze zur Operationalisierung von Wasserrisiken aus finanzieller Analyse, Investmentmanagement und Klimawissenschaft. Die Analyse von Instrumenten zur Bewertung von Wasserrisiken bildet die Grundlage für die Entwicklung geeigneter Risiko-Rendite-Steuerungstechniken in der Finanzbranche und darüber hinaus. Dieses Buch liefert neue Einblicke, indem es sich auf finanzielle Wassergefahren und die damit verbundenen Chancen konzentriert. Es wird sowohl für Wissenschaftler als auch Praktiker von Interesse sein, die an der Schnittstelle von Finanzen, Wirtschaft, Natur und Gesellschaft tätig sind.

This book aims to report on a cutting-edge research project of the smart grid in Japan, resting on the three pillars of field experiments, behavioral economics, and big data. The field experiments on the smart grid were conducted in four regions in Japan—Yokohama city, Toyota city, Keihanna Science City, and Kitakyushu city—over a three-year period from 2012 to 2014 after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants. Our focus here is on demand response in the smart grid environment, which we also discuss in the context of power system reforms. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, policy makers, and business leaders.

Analysiert werden die aktuellen Kennzahlen aus der Energiewirtschaft für die geographischen Einheiten Amerika – unterteilt in Nordamerika (Kanada + USA) sowie Mittel- und Südamerika –, Nahost und Südasien sowie Ostasien und Ozeanien. Die wichtigsten energiewirtschaftlichen Indikatoren der einzelnen Regionen und Länder und deren Entwicklung werden in zahlreichen Grafiken und Energieflussdiagrammen veranschaulicht. Darauf basierend empfiehlt der Autor eine Verteilung der zur Begrenzung des Klimawandels notwendigen Emissionsreduktion (für Klimaziel 2 °C und 1,5 °C, mit Perspektive bis 2050).Die in diesem Band behandelten Erdteile verursachen zusammen 77% der Emissionen. Europa + Eurasien sowie Afrika werden in einem weiteren Band behandelt.

The Handbook of Energy Policy is a unique and novel reference for addressing the policy implications of energy demand and supply from their economic, political, social, planning, and environmental aspects. The Handbook of Energy Policy provides several studies from the global, regional, national, or local perspectives that are of wider policy significance. Studies provided in this book are of interest to the international organizations, governments, public and private sector entities, local communities, universities, research institutions, and other non-governmental organizations. Topics covered in the Handbook of Energy Policy are including energy security, energy poverty, energy finance, energy pricing, energy and environment, energy and sustainability, energy and growth, energy efficiency, energy trade, technological innovation and energy, energy transition, energy nexus studies, economics, and policy of fossil fuels, economics, and policy of renewable and greenenergies. The policy recommendations provided in all chapters are supported by a rigorous empirical or theoretical analysis.

This book provides an accurate evaluation of re-integration of Eurasia in the context of India's energy security and diplomacy which requires a normative shift as in the current Eurasian geopolitical and geo-economic matrix, the growing role of transit countries and their proximity with the Energy Complex Zone negates the fact that great powers or strong states control the Eurasian Heartland. Authors believe that wrecking this norm is fundamental here to deconstruct the undercurrents of energy geopolitics prevailing in Eurasia over the emerging phenomenon, as it discourages the re-integration of the Eurasian region. It explores how the geopolitical struggle between major powers for energy resources has been engendering mutual interdependencies between energy producers and transit countries. It makes an attempt to provide a transcontinental study of Eurasian energy and connectivity as a thrust area for the present work positioning Eurasia in Indian foreign policy, determiningthe contours of energy diplomacy in connection with the Eurasian energy policy. It defines Eurasia broadly as the region that encompasses Central Asia and the Caucasus including Russia and transit countries. It addresses the geopolitical and geo-economic aspects of Eurasian re-integration in the context of India's energy security. The objective of this book is to combine theoretical, contemporary, and policy-oriented issues that deserve scholarly attention and would both complement and supplement the academic contributions.

Wie lange liefert die Sonne genug Energie für unsere wachsende Bevölkerung?Reichen unsere Dächer aus, um genügend Solarstrom zu erzeugen?Stellen Pflanzen und Algen genug Nahrung und Sauerstoff für alle Lebewesen bereit?Millionen Menschen hungern. Strom ist für Milliarden Menschen ein Traum oder zumindest ein Luxusgut. Dieses Buch diskutiert mit Hilfe verständlich dargestellter Physik, wie weit es zu wenig Ressourcen gibt und wie weit es schlicht ein Problem der Verteilung ist.Das Buch ist gleichermaßen geeignet für Interessierte wie für Personen mit physikalischer Ausbildung. Zahlreiche Vergleiche und Erklärungen zeichnen ein anschauliches Bild, welches durch viele Abschätzungen und physikalische Details ergänzt wird.

This book systematically discusses the operational stages with high risk of CO2-induced corrosion in CCUS projects, and related measures for corrosion control. CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a key technology to mitigate climate change and substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. CCUS deals with high concentration CO2, which is very corrosive in a humid environment. Therefore, it is very important to characterize, monitor, and mitigate CO2-induced corrosion in all processes of the CCUS operation chain. Some corrosion control techniques included in this book (e.g., CO2-resisting wellbore cement additives) are beneficial for corrosion control research and engineering practices. This book belongs to the field of corrosion science and engineering, and the expected readership is researchers and engineers working on CCUS.

This handbook analyzes and develops methods and models to optimize solutions for energy access (for industry and the general world population alike) in terms of reliability and sustainability. With a focus on improving the performance of energy systems, it brings together state-of-the-art research on reliability enhancement, intelligent development, simulation and optimization, as well as sustainable development of energy systems. It helps energy stakeholders and professionals learn the methodologies needed to improve the reliability of energy supply-and-demand systems, achieve more efficient long-term operations, deal with uncertainties in energy systems, and reduce energy emissions.Highlighting novel models and their applications from leading experts in this important area, this book will appeal to researchers, students, and engineers in the various domains of smart energy systems and encourage them to pursue research and development in this exciting and highly relevant field.

This two-volume book offers a broad range of discussions on the immense challenge of climate change, one confronting every country on the planet and forcing them to find a path towards a sustainable future that will not have disastrous consequences in relation to our chances of survival. It also presents a snapshot of the status quo, which reflects all the decisions and measures taken to date. Analyzing the consequences of the steps that will shape our future, the two volumes also reflect on important decisions at a global level that have already been taken. In this first volume on green energy, decarbonization, and forecasting the green transition, respected international scholars analyze various technical aspects of and alternatives to the so-called “green energy transition,” as well as measures intended to help reach the ambitious goal of net zero emissions within the next thirty years. Throughout the 13 chapters, the authors forecast future scenarios for the use of alternative energy sources. Additionally, the book discusses questions regarding the suitability of current measures and presents innovative alternatives that have remained largely overlooked.This book is a must-read for scholars, researchers and students, as well as policymakers interested in a better understanding of climate change, present scenarios, and alternative solutions and measures.

In order to manage the transition towards a sustainable future electricity system, an in-depth understanding of the key technological, economic, environmental and societal drivers for electricity markets is required. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this textbook provides an overview of these drivers and introduces readers to major economic models and empirical evidence for the study of electricity markets and systems. Readers will learn about electricity generation, demand, transport, and storage, as well as the fundamentals of grid and electricity markets in Europe. By introducing them to state-of-the-art models from operations research and economics, the book provides a solid basis for analytical insights and numerical modeling. Furthermore, the book discusses the policy instruments and design choices for electricity market regulation and sustainable power system development, as well as the current challenges for smart energy systems.

This book offers a broad overview of asset management processes for different utilities, with a special emphasis on energy and water. It provides readers with important practical considerations concerning the development of new competitive structures and procedures for guaranteeing a sufficient supply of energy and water in a regulated environment, using clearly defined technical and economic cornerstones. On the one hand, asset owners expect suitable interests from their investment and business growth; on the other hand, regulators focus more on a reliable and cost-effective customer supply. This book shows how to take into consideration these different perspectives in the process of designing new structures, and how to guarantee organizational transparency. It describes essential principles and boundary conditions for ensuring the optimal use of resources in a network, covering issues relating to equipment service life, IT landscape and computer programs, operational costs management, and investment and maintenance strategies, highlighting their impact on the organization of the company. This thoroughly revised and updated second edition, includes extensive information about IEC standard (IEC/TS 63060), and cover operation research methods focusing on the optimization of the maintenance tasks. Furthermore, a discussion on the political environment has been included, with a special emphasis on the European situation and the “Green Deal”: specifically, some measures to cope with the topic of energy transition are presented. Last, but not least, a brand-new chapter on condition assessment has been included.

This book includes the proceedings of the Responsible Engineering and Living 2022 Symposium and Industry Summit. Molière holds each of us accountable when he asserted that, “It is not only for what we do that we are held responsible, but also for what we do not do.” Responsible Engineering and Living 2022 (REAL2022) strived to inspire every individual to practise and foster responsible engineering and living. Its proceedings brings all stakeholders, enthusiasts and experts from academia, industry, policy arenas, and general public, together to discuss challenges, sharpen existing solutions, and formulate novel means to advance responsible engineering and living. This symposium disseminates recent progress and promote collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative solutions. Topics of interest include resource and energy conservation, waste reduction, nature-friendly engineering and architecture, and sustainable vibrant living.

The tropical zones are dominated by developing countries, which mainly face problematic environmental issues. Different than four-season countries, tropical countries have a continuous summer-like season and therefore they are rich in clean energy sources like solar and biomass. Hence, the mitigations of environment and energy issues in the tropics would require specific understanding and different approach to solutions. This book offers an assortment of studies on scenarios of environment as well as energy demand and power generation technologies in the tropics. Many of the countries within the tropics are highly populated, and this results in various problems related to the environment and energy. The demand for energy in these countries keeps increasing but concurrently there are also environmental issues that require serious attention. As the global concern on the environment is alarming today, the choice of power generation should be of the cleanest possible resource. This variousreports on research activities carried out in the tropics on the aspect of environment and energy presented in this book are highly beneficial for those who like to see an improvement in the tropics with regard to environment and energy systems.

This book aims to solve some key problems in the decision and optimization procedure for power market organizers and participants in data-driven approaches. It begins with an overview of the power market data and analyzes on their characteristics and importance for market clearing. Then, the first part of the book discusses the essential problem of bus load forecasting from the perspective of market organizers. The related works include load uncertainty modeling, bus load bad data correction, and monthly load forecasting. The following part of the book answers how much information can be obtained from public data in locational marginal price (LMP)-based markets. It introduces topics such as congestion identification, componential price forecasting, quantifying the impact of forecasting error, and financial transmission right investment. The final part of the book answers how to model the complex market bidding behaviors. Specific works include pattern extraction, aggregated supply curve forecasting, market simulation, and reward function identification in bidding. These methods are especially useful for market organizers to understand the bidding behaviors of market participants and make essential policies. It will benefit and inspire researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the related fields.

Der Doktorarbeit liegt die Arbeitshypothese zugrunde, dass es für das Erreichen der Klimaschutzziele Deutschlands im Gebäudesektor der erfolgreichen Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden bedarf und hierfür die EE-Wärme-Quote als eines der wesentlichen rechtlichen Instrumente weiterentwickelt werden muss. Der Fokus der vorliegenden rechtlichen Betrachtung liegt dabei auf den Regelungen im GEG zum Einsatz von erneuerbaren Energien in Gebäuden.

In the fast-changing policy arena of a country as diverse as India, gauging regional implications of policy shifts is critical but challenging. E3-India is a policy evaluation tool based on the internationally recognized E3ME global model, that allows for iterative quantification of multiple policy options within an integrated economy-energy-environment framework to support wellinformed progressive policy choices at the regional level. This book provides comprehensive coverage of creating and using E3 modeling framework for regional policy analysis, which is available in public domain for the first time in India, addressing existing flagship Government of India policies, including but not limited to the Make in India initiative, Digital India initiative, Automotive Mission Plan, Nationally Determined Commitments under the Paris agreement, and the Atmanirbhar Bharat relief package. These studies have been designed to provide in-depth and lucid insights regarding choices for resource allocation by policymakers, thereby serving as a comprehensive guide for evidence-based policymaking in India.

This book includes the proceedings of the Sustaining Tomorrow 2020 symposium and summit which bring together research from experts in academia, industry, and policy arenas to uncover the challenges and to forge solutions to sustain tomorrow. To sustain tomorrow, we need to continuously make headway in Agriculture, Engineering, Energy, Environment, Economics, Water, among other necessities. This book disseminates the most recent advances in these fields and promotes collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative solutions.Though primarily intended to offer an update for experts and researchers in the field, this book is equally useful as a valuable educational tool for relevant undergraduate and graduate courses. Key aspects covered include the better and more responsible engineering and management of energy conversion and conservation processes, the furthering of renewable energy technologies, improvements in water-agriculture nexus and energy-environment-economics relationship, and endorsing education, implementation, and evaluation of all-embracing sustainability.

This book explores the relationships between the energy costs and other farm variables in the European Union (including the UK) over a recent period of six years. It examines labour, farm land area, outputs/inputs, investments, assets, taxes, and subsidies in the context of policy measures and the farm structure. The book provides a deep insight into how energy cost and other factors in the farming sector relate to each other and as a result how farm planning can be made more efficient, more environmentally sustainable and more competitive. It will be of interest to policy-makers, governments, researchers and advanced students of economics, policy and the environment.

This book provides an in-depth assessment of the modern geopolitics of hydrocarbon resources in the territorial waters of the Eastern Mediterranean, highlighting the current conflicts and disputes in the maritime territories of Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus, and Turkey. Further, these geopolitical aspects are analyzed within the broader context of the tensions between and competing interests of big powers such as the USA, Russia, and the European Union.To what extent can major powers influence regional actors and guide them toward rational outcomes? To what extent can economic self-interest contain nationalistic impulses? What are the most practical and sustainable ways of promoting win-win scenarios? This book focuses on such questions and presents a number of clear policy guidelines to help the conflict-laden Eastern Mediterranean region gain a more peaceful and sustainable footing for the greater benefit of the peoples living there.

This book tells the story of one nation's sustained efforts to steer its economy toward low carbon technologies and to define national and global pathways for mitigating climate change. Drawing on a long career in Germany's energy sector, and on subsequent academic research, the book reveals the weaknesses of and critical trade-offs in Germany's bold energy transition plan − the Energiewende − and explores their causes. Its goal is to provide insights to help policymakers and energy managers keep some of the problems that have plagued the Energiewende at bay, and to instead explore avenues that are more likely to succeed. While such insights cannot solve the problem of socio-technical change overnight, they do reveal alternative transition pathways that keep climate goals clearly in sight, even if they are pursued with a bit less exuberance and a bit more humility. The book is addressed to academic, professional, and political readers alike.

Ein wesentlicher Anteil der in Deutschland benötigten Endenergien entfällt auf die Sektoren Industrie, Gewerbe, Handel und Dienstleistungen. Wegen der Vielfalt der dort eingesetzten Maschinen- und Anlagentechniken sowie Fertigungsverfahren stellen sich besondere Anforderungen an Fachleute, die mit den Aufgaben des Energieeinsatzes in Betrieben betraut sind. Das vorliegende Buch benennt zahlreiche Möglichkeiten der Energieeinsparung unter technischen Gesichtspunkten.

This book investigates the overall natural gas reform performance of Turkey, addressing both shortfalls and setbacks that have prevented Turkey from the fulfillment of the regulatory implementation since 2001, and how the prospectively liberalised natural gas market can effectively operate at all levels. Although eighteen years have passed since the introduction of the first legislation as a basis for a more liberalised Turkish natural gas market, the completion of the reform process still suffers from a lack of enforcement. The book offers recommendations to address this, the main one being that policy makers should give due consideration to the consolidation of EMRA's independent role with appropriate safeguards laid out to prevent attempts of regulatory misuse. The book concludes by suggesting that there is a compelling need to move forward with a consolidated reform sooner rather than later if Turkey genuinely wishes to take a leadership position in the race to become an efficient gas hub and be part of Europe's single energy market.

This book defines oil price as a social institution that exists beyond supply-demand mechanisms. Discussing oil markets in the context of the broader sociology of prices, it covers a number of theoretical and practical dimensions, such as new market uncertainties and trends, and social perceptions of energy security and of power. Further, based on case studies it explores the implications for OPEC, Russia, and Central and Eastern Europe, as well as for the energy transition and for international investment arbitration. Featuring contributions from leading academics, researchers and business professionals, the book offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the oil price.“This book brings together an impressive team of scholars with fresh perspectives on the oil price. Even as the world attempts energy transition, oil consumption continues and the oil price is likely to become even more unpredictable and unclear than in the past. This book helps make sense of this challenging topic.”-Indra Overland is a Research Professor and Head of Centre for Energy Research, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI)“A revealing and multidimensional analysis of oil price fluctuations in a market that seeks less uncertainty. This book discusses market and price evolution in the context of market theories, history and real-time market analysis. A welcome and timely contribution to our understanding of global energy markets.”Dr. Sara Vakhshouri is Founder and President of SVB Energy International and Professor of Energy Security at the Institute of World Politics.

This book examines the implementation of, the spread of, and compliance with emerging global norms. Based on empirical country studies on the implementation of transparency norms defined by the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) – a multi-stakeholder process seeking to promote global standards for the transparent and accountable management of oil, gas and mineral resources –, it investigates the various factors and motivations affecting actors with regard to norm compliance. The book demonstrates that compliance with global norms depends on a combination of various factors, including motivations and conditions for introducing norms into the domestic political space; local actors'level of commitment to the norm; and their capacity for norm compliance. Given its scope, the book will appeal to all international relations scholars interested in processes of norm localisation, compliance, and contestation.

Fossil fuels comprise the accumulation of prehistoric biomass that was energised by sunlight, and formed by earth system dynamics. Fossil fuels can be conceptualized as stored energy stocks that can be readily converted to power flows, on demand. A transition from a reliance on stored energy stocks, to renewable energy flows, will require a replication of energy storage by technological devices and energy conversion methods. Most analyses of energy storage focus solely on the economic-technical properties of storage within incumbent energy systems. This book broadens the scope of the study of storage by placing it within a broader, historical, biophysical framework. The role and value of storage is examined from first principles, and framed within the contemporary context of electrical grids and markets. The energy-economic cost of electrical storage may be critical to the efficacy of high penetration renewable scenarios, and understanding the costs and benefits of storage is needed for a proper assessment of storage in energy transition studies. This book provides a starting point for engineers, scientists and energy analysts for exploring the role of storage in energy transition studies, and for gaining an appreciation of the biophysical constraints of storage.

This book brings together the state-of-the-art in energy and resources research. It covers wind, solar, hydro and geothermal energy, as well as more conventional power generation technologies, such as internal combustion engines. Related areas of research such as the environmental sciences, carbon dioxide emissions, and energy storage are also addressed.

The book addresses the vital and interwoven areas of energy, environment, and the economy within the field of sustainability research. Fundamental technical details, empirical data, and case studies taking into account local and international perspectives are included. Issues such as energy security, depleting fossil fuel reserves, global warming and climate change, as well as novel energy technologies are covered. The dynamic global response will be discussed from the perspective of policy, technology, and economics.Vital details in the form of text boxes, illustrations, graphs, tables and appendices are included. The book will serve as reference book for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, academics, policy makers, NGOs and developmental sector professionals within the field.

This book shows how the links between energy security and national and international law and policies on green energy pose challenges to a transition towards a green energy system. Based on empirical work carried out in two very different country case studies – Great Britain and Brazil – this book attempts to foster a better understanding of the role played by energy security in constructing and deconstructing green energy policy initiatives. The broad range of views raised in national contexts leads to legal disputes in international forums when attempts are made to address the issues of this energy security/green energy interplay. As such, building on the findings of the case studies, this book then analyses the interplay between energy security and green energy development in international trade law as encapsulated in the law of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Finally, the author proposes a way forward in creating the legal space in the law of the WTO for trade restrictive measures aimed at ensuring green energy security.

This book addresses unconventional hydrocarbon resources in India and the prospects for their exploitation. Each chapter focuses on a particular unconventional resource, including gas hydrates, coal bed methane and shale, while the book as a whole takes into account the government's projections concerning these resources. The book provides readers with essential information on the nation's energy requirements, methods of exploiting its available unconventional resources, and their contribution to meeting India's energy requirements. It also addresses the various geological conditions that are necessary for the exploration of these resources, and enables readers to understand the challenges that need to be overcome. Its logical, clearly structured chapters make the book an ideal starting point for readers interested in unconventional energy resources. It will especially benefit undergraduate and graduate students in the field of Energy Engineering, as well as academic researchers and industry professionals seeking an overview of the status quo of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in India.

Der Autor analysiert die Energiewirtschaft der geographischen Einheiten Amerika – unterteilt in Nordamerika (Kanada + USA) sowie Mittel- +Südamerika (spanisch-portugisischer Kulturkreis) – Nahost und Südasien sowie Ost-Asien und Ozeanien. Die wichtigsten energiewirtschaftlichen Indikatoren der einzelnen Regionen und Länder und deren Entwicklung werden von ihm in zahlreichen Grafiken und Energieflussdiagrammen veranschaulicht. Darauf basierend empfiehlt er eine Verteilung der zur Begrenzung des Klimawandels notwendigen Emissionsreduktion (für Klimaziel 2 °C oder weniger, mit Perspektive bis 2050).Die in diesem Band behandelten Erdteile verursachen zusammen 77% der Emissionen. Europa + Eurasien sowie Afrika werden im ersten Band behandelt.

This edited volume presents chapters on the dynamics of global climate change and global warming in the Middle East. In this region, it should be noted that even slightly warmer weather can result in an increased demand of energy along with its lower supply, as well as lower labor productivity. This text focuses on modeling, simulation, system dynamics, and agent-based modeling in dealing with these issues. The latest decision making tools, techniques, and innovative solutions used to overcome these challenges are presented.Many distinguished researchers contribute their work herein. The audience for this volume includes policy makers, researchers, and students unified by the common goal of making better decisions in the sustainable production and consumption of energy. The practical orientation of the chapters within each part is intended to suit the practitioners: managers and decision makers in the energy sector of the Middle East region.

This book covers available approaches to improving the performance and impact of long-term projections of the national energy sector development. In turn, it introduces an original multi-stage approach to narrowing down the uncertainty range of the input data and resulting projections. Its unique contribution is that it limits the scope for each of the projection timeframe segments step-by-step. This is done in the course of iterative calculations, which employ dedicated methods and other tools to elucidate and solve top-priority problems specific to each time segment. In closing, the book provides a detailed treatment of two essential research problems: 1) long-term forecasting for regional energy markets, and 2) the quantitative assessment of a) the barriers that are likely to hinder energy sector development and b) strategic-level energy security threats.

This book provides readers with cutting-edge techniques that can be applied to energy and environmental economics. Further, it highlights the effects that both globalization and economic growth have on the environment. In addition to offering a broader perspective on the relationship between environmental pollution, energy consumption and economic growth, the book studies the relationship between economic growth and environmental damage by drawing on the theoretical hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. The book presents new econometric techniques and innovative approaches to the study of the energy economy. Accordingly, it can be used to help analyse the current state of the energy economy, the environment and globalization, and can serve as a theoretical reference manual for doctoral students and academics seeking new analytical techniques.

This book provides an in-depth analysis of the energy transformation process ongoing in Germany, now commonly referred to as energiewende, in the European context, with a focus on the electricity sector. It presents an expert look at the origins of the German energiewende, its concrete implementation, its impacts within the European context as well as medium and long-term perspectives. The authors, internationally recognized energy, electricity, and climate economists at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) and Berlin University of Technology, conclude that the first years of the energiewende have successfully laid the foundation for a renewables-based electricity system in Germany, but that challenges remain in relation to decarbonizing the electricity system and phasing out nuclear energy. The authors also provide ground-breaking insights to inform energy policy in other countries and at the European level. In the outlook, the authors explore upcoming issues, such as coupling between the electricity and other sectors, and behavioral changes of industry and households. The book addresses readers in the energy industry, energy and climate policymakers, regulators, and others interested in the low carbon energy system transformation in Germany, Europe, and worldwide.

This volume investigates the impact of energy issues on geostrategy. The crucial importance of energy and the fact that fossil fuels are not equally distributed among countries means that decisions are not only based on financial arguments, but also on the political impact. It can be said that'Energy is Politics'. In three parts - 1) Energy Economy; 2) Finance; and 3) Geostrategy - academics and practitioners address both economic and political questions and present cases from several countries.This is the sixth volume in a series on energy organized by the Centre for Energy and Value Issues (CEVI). The previous volumes in the series were: Financial Aspects in Energy (2011), Energy Economics and Financial Markets (2012), Perspectives on Energy Risk (2014), Energy Technology and Valuation Issues (2015) and Energy and Finance (2016).

In diesem Band ist ein Gesamt-Überblick über den State-of-the-Art der Energiediskussion, eine Komplettdarstellung aller Technologien und deren physikalische Grundlagen​ für Praktiker und interessierte Leser mit Grundkenntnissen gegeben. Der erste Teil bietet eine Basis für alle Lesergruppen. Als Grundlagen der Energieverwertung werden Energiebilanzen, die durch die Hauptsätze der Thermodynamik bestimmt werden, atom- und kernphysikalische Vorgänge, sowie die Gesetze der Strömungsmechanik und des Elektromagnetismus vorgestellt. Die daraus resultierenden Technologien wie Dampfkraftanlagen, Solar- und Windenergie, Wasserkraft, Biomasse und Erdwärme werden erörtert. Schließlich erfolgt ein Ausblick auf zukunftsweisende Projekte wie Kernfusion, Brennstoffzelle. Smart-Energy-Konzepte, Geschäftsmodelle und Aspekte der Datensicherheit sind ebenfalls besprochen. Auf die Rolle von Energiebilanzen beim Climate Engineering wird abschließend eingegangen.