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This article presents a unique dataset, from a public building, of voltage data, acquired using a hybrid measurement solution that combines PythonTM for acquisition and GrafanaTM for results representation. This study aims to benefit communities, by demonstrating how to achieve more efficient energy management. The study outlines how to obtain a more realistic vision of the quality of the supply, that is oriented to the monitoring of the state of the network; this should allow for better understanding, which should in turn enable the optimization of the operation and maintenance of power systems. Our work focused on frequency and higher order statistical estimators which, combined with exploratory data analysis techniques, improved the characterization of the shape of the stress signal. These techniques and data, together with the acquisition and monitoring system, present a unique combination of low-cost measurement solutions, which have the underlying benefit of contributing to industrial benchmarking. Our study proposes an effective and versatile system, which can do acquisition, statistical analysis, database management and results representation in less than a second. The system offers a wide variety of graphs to present the results of the analysis, so that the user can observe them and identify, with relative ease, any anomalies in the supply which could damage the sensitive equipment of the correspondent installation. It is a system, therefore, that not only provides information about the power quality, but also significantly contributes to the safety and maintenance of the installation. This system can be practically realized, subject to the availability of internet access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a systematic literature review of 153 articles on power quality analysis in PV systems published in the last 20 years is presented. This provides readers with an overview on PQ trends in several fields related to instrumental techniques that are being used in the smart grid to visualize the quality of the energy, establishing a solid literature base from which to start future research. A preliminary appreciation allows us to intuit that higher-order statistics are not implemented in measurement equipment and that traditional instrumentation is still used for the performance of measurement campaigns, not yielding the expected results since the information processed does not come from an electrical network from 20 years ago. Instead, current networks contain numerous coupled load effects; thus, new disturbances are not simple; they are usually complex events, the sum of several types of disturbances. Likewise, depending on the type of installation, the objective of the PQ analysis changes, either by detecting certain events or simply focusing on seeing the state of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a measurement solution designed to monitor the instantaneous frequency in power systems. It uses a data acquisition module and a GPS receiver for time stamping and traceability. A Python-based module receives data, computes the frequency, and finally transfers the measurement results to a database. The frequency is calculated with two different methods, which are compared in the article. The stored data is visualized using the Grafana platform, thus demonstrating its potential for comparing scientific data. The system as a whole constitutes an efficient, low-cost solution as a data acquisition system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a prolific literature on the mitigation of cloud-induced photovoltaic fluctuations as a key objective for the effective grid integration of this renewable energy capacity. The meteorological context is of high relevance in such a problem, but it is frequently analysed separately from electrical considerations. However, a few studies have combined both sides of the problem, thus providing valuable references for examining their interdependencies. Therefore, this review focuses on this set of studies to explore the use of meteorological information in the analysis of cloud-induced photovoltaic transients in terms of scales, elements, and objectives under consideration. This examination shows the dependence of the results on the chosen context, allowing for the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. On this basis, some recommendations for future work are drawn, such as the use of spatiotemporal descriptions of cloud passage, description of the meteorological scenario for an adequate interpretation of results, and necessity of holistic approaches to integrate advances from the meteorological and electrical perspectives of the problem. [Display omitted] • Lack of meteorological information in cloud-induced PV transient analysis. • Meteorological context has significant impact on results. • Cloud passages' spatiotemporal descriptions are necessary for realistic estimations. • Integration of meteorological and electrical advances needed for complete solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interconnected modern smart grid has resulted in several new power quality (PQ) disturbances that affect the frequency stability requirements in industrial power systems. Ranging between 50 ± 0. 1 Hz for interconnected networks, and even within the European synchronous area, the frequency fluctuates mainly because of the primary control. In fact, owing to the development of distributed resources (e.g. renewable energies), not all generation units are accessible, and are controllable in a few network nodes. This variability, even between nearby locations, triggers the need for a specific measurement strategies, based on an absolute reference and also conceived for monitoring PQ disturbances. This work proposes an easy-to-implement GPS-traceable method that allows the measurement of frequency with better accuracy than that required by the current regulation for interconnected networks. This work explains the measurement methodology, characterising the uncertainty by using ISO JCGM 100. For the purpose of testing and validation, three experiments were conducted: computer-designed, instrument-triggered lab disturbances, and a comparison vs. PMU performance, using real-life signals. The results showed that these experiments offered better performance with improved uncertainty. [Display omitted] • Joint characterization of accuracy and frequency stability. • GPS-referenced reliability monitoring of bulk system and power delivery. • Measurement procedure, UTC synchronized and with accuracy up to 100 ppm. • Alternative to PMUs for measuring the frequency in accordance with the (IEC). • Method without DAQ-board using zero-crossing and GPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]