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As the number of available renewable energy sources has increased annually, there has been a corresponding rise in the levels of pollution created by traditional electricity generation, ultimately contributing to breaking down the stability of the electrical system at large. Therefore, there is an increasing need to integrate the use of nonpolluting electricity sources, such as pumped storage hydropower plants (PSHP), to ensure the stability of the power system and to maintain the frequency of the system from year-to-year. This paper addresses the issue of PSHP being unsuitable for providing Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) services and proposes real measurements of the aggregation approach to obtain different data arrays. Based on this, the proposed methodology is orientated toward obtaining transfer functions that were developed using the parametric identification models, and the efficiency of these functions was thoroughly investigated. The proposed transfer function in this paper, in combination with battery energy storage system (BESS) technologies, would allow PSHP technologies to occupy a space in the ancillary services market by providing FCR, Frequency Restoration Reserve (FRR), and Replacement Reserve (RR) services. The performance of the function activated in the BESS is positively validated using the Simulink modeling environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the future, the Lithuanian electrical power system will have to contribute to the secondary automatic load and frequency control. While performing control in which thermal power plants participate, additional losses related with the non-stationary operation of power plant equipment appear. In the paper, the methodology of estimating the dependency of the thermal power plant block (an aggregate of 300 MW) efficiency coefficient on its load variation magnitude and frequency while operating in control regime is presented. Calculations presenting the solution using spectral analysis tools are carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to investigate the effect of wind power plants on electric power system operation when the wind power energy proportion is increasing in Lithuania. In this paper, the dependence of frequency and cross-border power interchange deviations on wind power plants' operation in the Lithuanian electric power system is presented; the most suitable load frequency control algorithms and the composition of power plants participating in control are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]