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Starting from modernity, with the advancement of the disciplinary devices of biopower, dynamics of subjectivation that use the dimension of visibility as a control tool have been created. Since Foucault conceptualized the panoptism as the principle of a political anatomy, several authors have extended the category to analyze totalitarian models and new forms of cybernetic control. This paper presents an analysis of the functionalities of power from the concept of panoptism. The proposed thesis seeks to differentiate three stages of the modern era, in which different modes of panoptism have been configured. The principles of the panopticon configured the exercise of power from the 18th century: control, discipline, surveillance and centralization were their axes. Three forms of panoptism have marked the last three centuries: 1) the classic panopticon of Bentham, 2) the control of mass media in society in the 20th century and 3) the digital panopticon of the 21st century. The paper seeks to analyze the principles of each one of them. The presentation is divided into three modules: first, general categories are introduced regarding the relationships between politics, power, the idea of device and the concept of panoptism; secondly, the three forms of the panopticon are delimited and analyzed; and finally there is a focus on certain specific elements that mark the complexity of the third panopticon and the horizon of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues about the birth of the Panopticon in absolutist Russia of the XVIII century, approaching its historical, architectural, theoretical and social course, ending with the analysis of the Digital Panopticon concept, nowadays, in the Russian Federation of the XXI century. Among other topics, the following will be discussed: the birth of the concept and the architectural design of the Panopticon in Russia (in a region which now belongs to the Republic of Belarus) through Jeremy and Samuel Bentham's hands and thought, relating this birth to the constraints and the role of power in social control played by the Orthodox Church, the Panopticon in the genesis of modern thought on surveillance and the Theory of Power by Foucault, which relates the concept of the Panopticon with the power/knowledge duality and the analysis of the evolution and use of the Panopticon in Russia's Digital Age muscled democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond classical political theory, centered on the figure of the state as core care, postmodernism has been focusing on the problem of power from a more microphysics and relational. It is a disciplinary vision that has to do with increasingly open devices control. These complementary permeate every aspect of social life. It is less coercive mechanisms of selective behavior shapers in the various areas of social life endowed with meaning. Thus, new information technologies and communication become complex and powerful panoptic surveillance equipment in very flexible and multidirectional flows of determining the selective behavior. Well contrasted with the old centralized visions of "Big Brother" Orwellian, this new multipanoptism operates on two levels. First, material, supervision of self-made daily-social action. And second, the symbolic construction of a dominant patterns segmentary consumer attitudes, emerging hyper plane and iconocratic of a new subject schizoid, held at the banal spectacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our proposition is that certain "details" (catalysis, according to Barthes) reveal the presence of disciplinary power in the sphere of modem fiction. Our analysis starts with some of the descriptive units of Purén Indómito, which we consider to be a direct precedent for this revelation, and we conclude with the novella, Martin Rivas, and the short story, El matadero. The text dating from the colonial period gives a detailed account of daily life in the kingdom of Chile, describing the strategies of the sovereign power, while the modem stories highlight the presence of disciplinary power. Thus, the purpose of the dramatic details recounted in Purén is to ensure the legal-moral intervention of the monarch in the kingdom. In realist works, on the other hand, these details show the actions of organisations to subject and discipline the people, just as it occurs in Martin Rivas and El matadero. In this case, the narrative strategy is to exhibit the details of the foul, barbarous, reactionary customs of Latin American societies in order to discipline and purify them, and thus transform them into modem, productive nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to Surveillance Studies and their application to Tolkien's literary work, Lord of the Rings. A historical introduction to Surveillance Studies, a historical and social contextualisation of the author, identifying, in the discussed story, the reflections of a troubled society, and, finally, a theoretical and social framework that relates Surveillance Studies to the "secondary world" of Middle Earth are presented in this analysis, demonstrating the parallels between Bentham's and Foucault's theories and the social relations of power in this region of the metaphysical world of Tolkien's imagination. At the end of the article, two aspects of the theories of power are also analysed, those being the power of rhetoric and resistance or counter-power, also present in Middle Earth, assuming, just like power relations, several symbolic representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]