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Moringa oleifera is known as a miraculous plant with multiple beneficial ingredients for humans and plant development. Besides, Moringa oleifera can effectively be utilized as a stimulant, environmentally friendly biopesticide, and the green source for several potential nutritional organic compounds. The Moringa oleifera derivates can be used in the agricultural system. The eco-friendly characteristic of Moringa oleifera, especially the leaf powder water extract, is the lowest cost alternative for green fertilizer and improving crop yields. The preparation of moringa leaf powder (MOLP) and its characterization were done to figure out the essential ingredients of these green materials. The MOLP water extract was treated with a 50% dose of the Amaranthus sp. plant for one month. Chemical analysis results show that MOLP has a high level of macronutrients for plant growth. Interestingly, in line with the MOLP characterization results, the Amaranthus sp. leaves powder also has a high level of chlorophyll, macronutrients, and micronutrients post MOLP water extract treatment. Thus, this preliminary data can be proposed as the hallmark for green fertilizer and biostimulant development to increase the nutritional values within the plant. MOLP water extract's soil intervention can help achieve a higher economic yield, particularly for the vegetable plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gout and COVID-19 have been of global concerns. One of the drugs for gout is allopurinol that acts as a xanthin oxidase inhibitor (XOI). However, this drug has side effects, so we need safer drugs from herbal sources such as sugar apple. Sugar apple ethanol extract can act as XOI, but the activity of steeping with hot water is not known. Besides, several sugar apple compounds are also reported to be active as anti-viruses, but their activity has not been categorized against the COVID-19. This study aimed at making powder from sugar apple, which was brew using hot water, determined the phytochemical content, including TPC and TFC, tested its activity as XOI and the profile bond of the active compounds to the S protein of COVID-19. The results showed that the extract of sugar apple powder contained alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, with TPC and TFC levels of 0.048% and 0.099%, active as XOI. Furthermore, the in silico analysis has shown three compounds in sugar apple, namely quercetin-3-glucoside, rutin, and kaempferol-3-rutinoside that can bound to the RBD of S protein of COVID-19, so it is predicted that the three compounds have anti-COVID-19 activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity remains a national and global problem because its prevalence still increases, leading to various dangerous degenerative diseases. One way to tackle obesity is by taking drugs that can reduce fat and carbohydrate intake, such as orlistat and acarbose. However, both of these drugs have unwanted side effects, so a safer exploration of anti-obesity herbal is still needed to replace them. Previous studies have shown that ethanol extracts of cucumber mesocarp can inhibit pancreatic lipase. In this study, the hot water extract of cucumber mesocarp powder was tested as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor in vitro and an α-amylase inhibitor in silico. The results show that cucumber mesocarp powder has been successfully produced by freeze-drying method; TPC and TFC value of brewed cucumber mesocarp powder are 0.0218 % and 0.0278 %, respectively. At the same mass of powder, brewed cucumber mesocarp powder has inhibition power against pancreatic lipase 3.44 times higher than orlistat. In comparison, in silico test result shows that pinocembrin and cucurbitacin A contained in cucumber able to bind to the active site of the α-amylase enzyme, so the cucumber mesocarp powder has great potential as anti-obesity agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is cancer with a high prevalence in the world, Asia, and Indonesia. Some HCC can be caused by a viral infection, consuming alcohol for an extended period, and has recently been associated with metabolic syndrome. Liver fibrogenesis is the initial stage of HCC and significantly correlates to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression. TGF-β leads to disease progression stages, from early liver damage through inflammation and fibrosis to cirrhosis and (HCC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of green material Moringa oleifera on the expression of TGF-β in the mice model develop to HCC. This study was conducted using a BALB C mice model treated with intraperitoneal injections of green material Moringa oleifera +CCl4 at a dose of 1 µL/1 g of BW for six weeks. The result shows a significant effect of green material Moringa oleifera on the decrease in TGF-β expression. Hence, green material Moringa oleifera can be a potential preventative agent for liver fibrogenesis-linked HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis is the initial step of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver fibrosis can be triggered by metabolic perturbation, viral infection, and harmful chemical exposure. This in vivo study aims to investigate the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) from Madura Island as the future candidate for antifibrosis and hepatoprotective agent. The study was conducted to evaluate the alteration of circulating levels of liver injury marker-linked liver fibrosis development, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). The animal model was prepared using Balb-c mice age 6-8 weeks treated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dose 1 µL/g of BW for six weeks to induce liver fibrosis. The experimental groups were received green materials Moringa oleifera leaf powder solution with a serial dosage by peroral administration for six weeks. Interestingly, our animal model's preliminary study shows that the administration of green materials MOLP can alleviate the increase of ALT and AST. MOLP treatment can also prevent significant changes in liver weight, morphology, and even histological feature-associated liver injury and fibrosis. Hence, MOLP Madura Island may become the future green materials source for cancer herbal drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]