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This study investigates the improvements in direct compaction powder properties achieved through particle design using laboratory and pilot-scale spray dryers. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as modifying agent, which have low hygroscopicity and surface tension, good flowability, and excellent compactibility. Ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were used as pore-forming agents, and the composite particles were prepared using laboratory and pilot-scale spray dryers. The results showed that the structure of the composite particles and porous particles can effectively improve the flowability, tabletability, and disintegration behaviour; the composite particles prepared by laboratory-scale spray drying have better tabletability; the composite particles prepared by spray drying at pilot-scale had better flowability. In summary, there are significant differences in the properties of products prepared by different scales of spray drying. It will be beneficial to choose the appropriate equipment and the appropriate experimental design. Consequently, this study may contribute to the development of natural plant tablets., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.)

Product quality control is a prerequisite for ensuring safety, effectiveness, and stability. However, because of the different strain species and fermentation processes, there was a significant difference in quality. As a result, they should be clearly distinguished in clinical use. Among them, the fermentation process is critical to achieving consistent product quality. This study aims to introduce near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technology into the production process of fermented Cordyceps powder, including strain culture, strain passage, strain fermentation, strain filtration, strain drying, strain pulverizing, and strain mixing. First, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the total nucleosides content in the production process of 30 batches of fermented Cordyceps powder, including uracil, uridine, adenine, guanosine, adenosine, and the process stability and interbatch consistency were analyzed with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fingerprinting, followed by the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) to establish a quantitative analysis model of total nucleosides for online process monitoring of fermented Cordyceps powder preparation products. The model parameters indicate that the established model with good robustness and high measurement precision. It further clarifies that the model can be used for online process monitoring of fermented Cordyceps powder preparation products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSpray drying (SD) is a unit operation that efficiently converts solutions or suspensions into solid products in a simple, versatile, and continuous manner. It is widely used across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and chemical materials, for product development. In this study, we used Citespace to examine how SD has been applied in food research over the past decade, highlighting its significant role in the development of food materials. This review focuses on diverse applications of SD in the food industry, particularly the adjustments of parameters to control particle size, morphology, and composition. Despite recent advancements in SD, several challenges persist, such as high energy consumption and the difficulty of optimizing conditions for different types of materials, which underscore the need for further research. Therefore, we explore potential solutions used for simulating process parameters and droplet variations to produce powders with optimized properties. In addition, we discuss various energy-saving strategies aimed at improving the sustainability of SD and broadening its applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PTS composite particle design powder was prepared. • Release performance of Pulsatilla saponin D in PTS was used to evaluate the targeting. • Ulcerative colitis model induced by TNBS was used to evaluate the targeting in colon. • PTS composite particle design powder improved bioavailability and efficacy. Based on the anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) effect of total saponins of Pulsatilla (PTS), a pH dependent colonic targeting particle design powder of PTS was prepared. The core-shell composite particle design powder of PTS was prepared with pH sensitive polymer material Eudragit S100 superfine powder as shell and the drug as core. The release of PTS composite particle design powder was increased in the artificial colon fluid and decreased in the artificial stomach and small intestine fluid. In this paper, the release performance of Pulsatilla saponin D in PTS and the ulcerative colitis model induced by TNBS in rats were used to evaluate the targeting of PTS composite particle design powder in colon. The results showed that the content of Pulsatilla saponin D in colon tissue was significantly higher than that of the original drug group after oral administration of PTS composite particle design powder. The solubility of Pulsatilla saponin D in colon tissue was also higher than that in the stomach and small intestine. The peak time and retention time in vivo were prolonged, and the maximum blood concentration was decreased (C max). The effect of colonic targeting powder of PTS (50 mg/kg)on anti-ulcerative colitis induced by TNBS in SD rats was better than the original drug (200 mg/kg). Therefore, it is a great significance to make the PTS into colon targeted preparation for improving bioavailability, efficacy and reducing gastrointestinal stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]