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The purpose of this research was to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of broiler chicken in several broiler farms in Blitar. This study used 95 broiler chicken samples, with cloacal swab method. The samples were isolated and identified to find Escherichia coli with several procedures, MacConckey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler chicken were confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). This confirmation test with DDST was conducted to evaluate the presence of inhibitory zones of ESBL activity with clavulanic acid using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Merck, Germany). Double Disc Synergy Test uses the antibiotic disc Amoxycillin-clavulanic 30µg (Oxoid, England), Cefotaxime 30µg (Oxoid, England), Ceftazidime 30µg (Becton Dickinson, USA and Aztreonam 30µg (Oxoid, England). ESBL producing E. coli were 10 isolates and blaTEM gene from 7 isolates and blaSHV gene was no isolate. It can be explained that broiler chicken should be considered as a source of transmission for ESBL of E. coli to the public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella spp. is a bacterial causative agent that can cause salmonellosis in humans and animals. Salmonellosis is categorized as an important zoonotic disease in public health. Infection can be acquired by direct contact and indirect contact with animals. Indirect transmission can occur through contact with the environment around animals or with contaminated objects around poultry farms. Salmonella in humans, which is an infectious disease, has three types of infections, namely typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are caused by S. typhi and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. paratyphi), in contrast, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, Salmonella enterica serovar newport (S. newport), and Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg (S. heildeberg) causes non-typhoid Salmonella infection. The distribution of Salmonella is very widespread and persistent in dry environments but can persist in water for up to several months. In poultry, Salmonella can cause clinical disease or subclinical infection in asymptomatic animals which are often referred to as carriers. Infectious disease control in poultry farms always uses antibiotics. High antibiotic use can lead to increased antibiotic resistance. Raising awareness is critical to limiting the inappropriate use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study was isolated Escherichia coli from cloacalswab of layer poultry farms in Blitar area to investigate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Method: Fourty swab cloacal samples were collected from 8 farms where located in Blitar for 3 months. In order for MacConkey agar to be a medium for inoculation and biochemical tests to identify isolates such as IMViC and TSIA test were performed. The method of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli was tested by disk diffusion. Results: The result revealed40 samples, 34 samples were exposed to contamination by E.coli. The pattern of antibiotic sensitivity showed high resistance against ampicillin (62%), ciprofloxacin (56%), tetracycline and trimethrophim sulfamethoxazole (53%). Sensitive antibiotics were also observed for amoxicillin clavulanic acid, cefepime, ampicillin sulbactam, amikacin and meropenem. The presence of MDR and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of layer poultry farms in Blitar were 47.1% (16/34) and 5.9% (2/34), respectively. Conclusion: This research to find out exposed the layer poultry farms to consider critical antibiotic resistance of E. coli and regarded potential public health hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]