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Objective To investigate the characteristics of 18F-S16 PET imaging in brain tissue of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and the correlation between tau protein deposition and glucose metabolism pattern. Methods A total of 12 bvFTD patients and 10 controls with normal cognitive function treated in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2020 to October 2021 were included, and all of them underwent 18F-S16 PET and 18F-FDG PET. The difference of 18F-S16 and 18F-FDG uptake between bvFTD group and control group was compared by voxel-based analysis (VBA). The 18F-S16 and 18F-FDG standard uptake value rate (SUVR) of 2 groups were compared by semi- quantitative analysis. The 18F - S16 uptake rate of 2 groups was observed by visual analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the whole-brain spatial correlation of 18F-S16 and 18F-FDG tracers and the correlation of uptake levels in each region of interest (ROI). Results VBA method showed the uptake of 18F-S16 increased in the right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior central gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right posterior central gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule in bvFTD patients (P < 0.01, for all, FWE correction, pixel threshold = 50). The uptake of 18F-FDG in bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and right insula decreased in bvFTD patients (P = 0.000, for all, FWE correction, pixel threshold = 50). The overlaps were mainly located in the right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus. Semi - quantitative analysis showed the SUVR value of tau protein in bilateral frontal lobe (P = 0.000), parietal lobe (P = 0.015) and precuneus (P = 0.000) in bvFTD group was higher than that in control group, and the SUVR value of glucose in bilateral frontal lobe was lower than that in control group (P = 0.002). Pearson correlation analysis showed the whole-brain spatial correlation between 18F-S16 and 18F-FDG was weak in bvFTD patients (r = 0.050, P = 0.000). In bvFTD patients, only bilateral frontal tau SUVR was negatively correlated with glucose SUVR (r = - 0.702, P = 0.011). Visual analysis of 18F-S16 PET showed increased uptake in bilateral frontal, parietal, precuneus, and hippocampus in bvFTD patients. Conclusions 18F-S16 PET can reflect the characteristic of tau protein deposition and its correlation with glucose metabolic pattern in bvFTD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of PSP were analyzed. • FDG positron emission tomography brain imaging was performed. • Characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism were explored to increase accuracy. • Studying the clinical and MRI features of PSP can be helpful in the diagnosis. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a kind of neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of PSP were analyzed, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) brain imaging was performed to preliminarily explore the characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism, so as to make a more accurate and differential diagnosis. In accordance with the diagnostic criteria, the clinical symptoms, the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the activities of daily living (ADL), and the magnetic resonance image (MRI) of 19 patients with PSP were examined and FDG-PET brain imaging was performed. Visual analysis and statistical parameter diagram were used to analyze the characteristics. Concerning the clinical characteristics, 84.21% of the patients with PSP had early recurrent falls, 63.15% had vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, and 47.37% had symptoms of dementia. The MRI scans showed that 57.89% of the patients had a "hummingbird" sign in the middle sagittal position. The FDG-PET imaging indicated that glucose metabolism in the midbrain and frontal lobe was decreased in patients with PSP. Studying the clinical and MRI features of patients with PSP can be helpful in the diagnosis, especially as some signs could be found in the early stage by FDG PET, enhancing early diagnosis and differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify the most vulnerable network among typical and three variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to link amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and downstream network dysfunction.Procedures: In this study, 38 typical AD, 11 frontal variants, 8 logopenic variants, 6 posterior variants, and 20 normal controls were enrolled. 2-(4'-[11C] Methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole ([11C]PIB) and 2-deoxy-2-[18]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were performed. Voxel-wise statistical analysis was used for [18F]FDG analysis, whereas two-sample t test was performed between each AD group and control group. Moreover, the goodness of fit (GOF) of t-maps with brain functional network templates was assessed, and the most vulnerable network in each phenotypic of AD was chosen as volume of interests (VOIs). [11C]PIB binding potential (BPND) of VOIs were generated by using PMOD software. In addition, statistical analysis of BPND among four types of AD in each specific network was calculated by SPSS software.Results: The hypometabolism patterns indicated that in typical and frontal variants of AD, the most vulnerable network was the left executive control network (GOF score = 4.3, 5.0). For the logopenic variant, the highest GOF score (1.9) belonged to the auditory network. For the posterior variant, the higher visual network was the most vulnerable (GOF score = 6.0). The [11C]PIB BPND showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among AD groups within the specific networks.Conclusion: The phenotypic diversity of AD correlates with specific functional network failure; however, Aβ plaques do not associate with specific network vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common subtype of degenerative dementia. To our knowledge, available information about the clinical features of DLB in China remains limited. Our study therefore aimed to address this issue. Thirty-seven Chinese patients with probable DLB were recruited for this study. All subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment by trained neurologists, as well as undergoing MRI, 11C-PIB PET scans for Aβ deposition and 18F-FDG PET scans for regional cerebral glucose metabolism. Our results showed that the gender ratio of patients was 16:21 (F:M). The mean age of onset was 69.5 ± 9.0 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 71.8 ± 9.1 years. At diagnosis, the prevalence of three core clinical features of DLB was: 64.9% for fluctuating cognition, 73.0% for visual hallucinations and 62.2% for parkinsonism. The result from 11C-PiB PET and 18F-FDG PET scans confirmed Aβ deposition in the cortex and demonstrated hypometabolism in the bilateral temporoparietooccipital region, the frontal lobe, the insular lobe, and the posterior cingulate, precuneus and caudate nuclei. Our study elucidated the clinical features of Chinese DLB patients, and will improve the understanding and the early diagnosis of DLB in Chinese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two common forms of primary neurodegenerative dementia. Mutations in 3 genes (PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP) have been identified in patients with early-onset AD. Methods: We performed gene sequencing in PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP in 61 AD and 35 FTD Chinese patients. Amyloid load using 11C-labeled Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebral glucose metabolism using 18F-fludeoxyglucose PET were evaluated in patients carrying mutations. Results: We identified 1 known pathogenic PSEN1 (p.His163Arg, c.488A>G) mutation and 3 novel PSEN2 mutations in 6 patients. The novel mutation PSEN2 (p.His169Asn, c.505C>A) was identified in 1 patient with familial late-onset AD and in 1 sporadic FTD patient. The PSEN2 (p.Val214Leu, c.640G>T; p.Lys82Arg, c.245A>G) mutations were identified in 2 early-onset AD patients and 1 early-onset AD patient, respectively. Three patients with PSEN2 mutations were observed to have PIB retention on the cortex and striatum. One patient with the FTD phenotype was not observed to have PIB retention. Conclusion: PSEN2 mutations are common in the Chinese Han population with a history of AD and FTD. Pathogenic mutations or risk variants in the PSEN2 gene can influence both FTD and AD phenotypic traits and show variations in neuroimaging characterization. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objective: To investigate the difference in glucose metabolism on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging for differential diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson''s disease (IPD) from several parkinsonian-plus syndromes using SPM2 approach. Methods: 18F-FDG PET was performed for 18 IPD patients, 22 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, 13 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, 5 corticobasal degeneration (CBD) patients, 7 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients and 1 normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patient. Imaging-based diagnosis was obtained by statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) software to analyze the differences and overlaps among these groups. Results: The 18F-FDG PET images analyzed with SPM2 demonstrated that a reduction in glucose metabolism occurred in bilateral parietal area for IPD, in bilateral putamen for MSA-P, in bilateral cerebellum for MSA-C, in midbrain and the middle frontal cortex for PSP, in asymmetrical metabolism of the cortex and the basal ganglia for CBD, in bilateral occipital and parieto-occipital areas for DLB. The metabolic reductions in a patient of NPH group were observed in the ventricular system. Conclusions: This study identifies different patterns of glucose metabolism in parkinsonism. 18F-FDG PET imaging may contribute to early differential diagnosis in clinically ambiguous cases of parkinsonism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]