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Kleine-Levin syndrome is a syndrome with hypersomnia attacks involving behavioral and emotional disorders. It is rare and the estimated incidence is 1-5 / 1000000. It is more common in women. The diagnosis of Kleine-Levin syndrome is made clinically. Kleine-Levin's syndrome is in episodes and the duration of a episode can last from two days to five weeks. The etiology of Kleine-Levin syndrome is unknown. The first episode was observed to be triggered by factors such as infection, fever, psychological stress, and insomnia. Modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate can be tried in the treatment of Kleine- Levin syndrome sleep episode. Lithium, carbamazepine and valproic acid can be used to prevent sleep attacks. In this article, a case, diagnosed with Kleine-Levin Syndrome in which hypersomnia episodes were vanished after treatment with sodium valproic acid is presented since it is rarely seen and can contribute to the literature as it may increase awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagnosis of paradoxical insomnia is made in patients presenting with the complaint of insomnia despite normal polysomnographic findings. These patients argue that they never sleep or have little sleep only for a few hours. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are available for the treatment of paradoxical insomnia. Although its prevalence can be as high as 50% in the clinical samples and studies, clinicians may not remember to include paradoxical insomnia in the differential diagnosis. In this article, we present a patient, who was diagnosed with paradoxical insomnia for the first time in our polysomnography laboratory. The patient had accompanying sleep apnea and responded to the treatment with olanzapine and psychoeducation, comprising polysomnographic video recordings and instructions of sleep hygiene. Because this is the first case presentation from our country, characterized by the abovementioned clinical features; we think that this article may increase clinician awareness and contribute to the information in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]