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Organic color-tunable phosphorescent materials depend upon multiple emission centers to achieve color-tunable phosphorescence with changes in excitation wavelength, temperature, time, and other external factors. Organic color-tunable phosphorescent materials are becoming increasingly popular due to their potential applications in anticounterfeiting, encryption and sensing. This brief review focuses on the formation of multiple emission centers in organic color-tunable phosphorescent materials and how to ensure that these multiple emission centers can simultaneously emit. In the future, materials with a large color tunable ranges, increased efficiency, and relatively long lives will be developed.

Luminescent materials show great potential in various applications. Traditional aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens are mostly produced by complex organic synthesis and have poor hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, which limit their practical applications. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop fluorescent materials with good hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, and biomacromolecules with these properties have attracted our attention. Partial biomacromolecules can generate unique new fluorophores during the gelation process to obtain hydrogels with good fluorescence properties. In addition, biomacromolecules can be modified with fluorescent groups to obtain fluorescent materials with excellent performance, thus improving the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of fluorophore. In particular, grafting aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) luminogens onto biomacromolecules can even effectively inhibit the aggregation and self-quenching of luminogens. It is well known that aromatic biological macromolecules such as green fluorescent protein have intrinsic fluorescence. Intrinsic fluorescence is also observed in nonaromatic biological macromolecules without traditional chromophores such as chitosan, cellulose and sodium alginate. The luminescence of nonaromatic biomacromolecule can be rationalized by the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism, namely, clustering of nonconventional chromophores and subsequent electron overlap and conformation rigidification are accountable for the emssion. In this review, fluorescence gels obtained from biomacromolecules, biomacromolecules modified with fluorophores, and the intrinsic luminescence of biomacromolecular luminogens are assessed. This review will help to develop low-cost, biocompatible luminescent materials and has great significance for comprehending the luminescence of nonconventional luminophores and expanding the application of luminescent compounds.

The key to develop high specific energy rechargeable batteries is development of new electrode materials. The existing electrode materials still have many problems: the shuttle effect and poor conductivity of the sulfur cathode, the inevitable volume expansion of the silicon anode and the lithium dendrite of the lithium metal anode that cause short circuits, etc. Nanofibers, as active electrical materials, conductive additives and electrode bodies, can play multiple roles in electrode design. More interestingly, nanofibers can be functionalized to obtain better controllable properties (i.e., electrolyte affinity, pore size distribution and surface electronic structure), thereby further enhancing electrochemical performance. In this article, the latest research progress in electrode design based on nanofibers is reviewed, including processing methods, structure, morphology and electrochemical performance. The key problems affecting the electrochemical performance of the electrode are also discussed, such as the preparation process, atomic structure, electrical conductivity, surface area and pore distribution of nanofibers, to provide reference points for nanofibers in excellent electrode design.

Multifunctional textiles based on cotton have attracted wide attentions recently. In this study, the cotton fabrics were synergistically modified by surface micro-dissolution and cationization to enrich the adsorption of negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) on it. Subsequently, the bound GO was chemically reduced to rGO by using L-Ascorbic acid to endow cotton with high UV resistance and conductivity. By XRD, FTIR and zeta potential analysis, it was concluded that the synergistic modification could alter the structure of cotton and at the same time facilitate the reactions between cotton molecules and cationic agent EPTAC. This would shield more negative charges in cotton to decrease its absolute zeta potential, enhancing the uptake of negatively charged GO on the surface of cotton significantly. In addition, SEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to confirm the presence of rGO on the surface of cotton fabrics. The result from resistance measurement disclosed that the synergistic modification could significantly reduce the electrical surface resistance of cotton to 3.89 × 103 Ω/sq. Moreover, the synergistic modification could greatly improve the UV protection factor (UPF) of cotton from 24.18 to 487.91, far beyond the excellent UPF rating (50+). The high UV resistance and conductivity of this rGO coated cotton fabrics suggests that they can be used as functional textiles for various applications.

A novel superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic modified PVDF membrane for oil/water separation was fabricated through a modified blending approach. Pluronic F127 and amphiphilic copolymer P (MMA-AA) were directly blended with PVDF as a hydrophilic polymeric additive to prepare membranes via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation. Then, the as-prepared microfiltration membranes were annealed at 160 °C for a short time and quenched to room temperature. The resultant membranes exhibited contact angles of hexane larger than 150° no matter whether in an acidic or basic environment. For 1, 2-dichloroethane droplets, the membrane surface showed a change from superoleophilic to superoleophobic under water with aqueous solutions with pH values from 2 to 13. This as-prepared membrane has good mechanical strength and can then be applied for oil and water mixture separation.

Herein, the three kinds of water-insoluble alginate-based nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning and followed with crosslinking by calcium chloride (CaCl2), glutaraldehyde vapor (GA), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) crosslinking, respectively. All the sodium alginate(SA) nanofiber membranes present excellent integrated adsorption performance toward methylene blue (MB). Among these, CaCl2 crosslinked SA membranes exhibit the maximum actual adsorption capacity of 2230 mg/g and shortest adsorption equilibrium time of 50 min to date. On the basis of the selective adsorption of SA, the nanofiber membranes can separate MB/ methyl orange (MO) mixture solution and maintain high separation efficiency even after five cycles. In addition, respective applicable condition for differentially crosslinked SA nanofiber membranes was evaluated. The TFA crosslinked membranes have the least reduction in the adsorption capacity in acidic environment and GA crosslinked membranes adsorb better in alkaline environment. For seawater environment, GA crosslinked membranes show obvious adsorption performance than other crosslinked membranes.

A facile way to simultaneously induce the formation and enhance the stability of graphene oxide liquid crystals (GO LCs) is reported. Sodium alginate (SA) with both inductive effect and stabilization effect was added into GO suspensions to prepare LCs at low concentration that could survive harsh conditions. Most importantly, different concentration zones of SA brought significantly different LCs degree and stability, which possessed distinct charge properties, rheological behaviors and chain morphology. Adding 0.5% SA located in entangled semi-dilute regime could induce the isotropic-nematic transition of GO at low concentration (

Superhydrophobic material involves the fabrication of appropriate roughness and low surface energy. Studies concerning enhancing the attachment between substrates and low surface energy material have been reported. Hence, it might also be feasible to make low surface energy material as an interface binder to enhance the attachment. In our work, the simple dip-coating method was used to fabricate polybenzoxazine (PBZ)/SiO2-coating cotton (PBZSC) fabric for rapid oil–water separation. The surface morphology and wettability of the PBZSC fabric as well as the properties of the separation were explored using various methods. These results demonstrated that PBZSC fabric not only had excellent thermal properties, but also maintained excellent superhydrophobicity (WCA > 150°) under various harsh conditions which was mainly attributed to higher surface roughness contributed by SiO2 and lower surface energy, heat resistance as well as acid and alkali resistance from PBZ resin, respectively. More importantly, the separation conducted by the PBZSC fabric not only showed great recycle property, but also separated a series of oil and water mixtures with up to 96% separation efficiency. Therefore, it is anticipated that this low-cost PBZSC fabric will be readily and widely utilized in designing multifunctional membrane for large-area oil-spill cleanup without using fluoropolymers or silicones.

Nonconventional biomacromolecular luminogens have attracted extensive interest due to their fundamental importance and potential applications in diverse areas. To explore novel luminogens and, moreover, to gain deeper insights into their emission mechanism, we study the emission behaviors of sodium alginate (SA), a natural anionic polysaccharide composed of mannuronic (M) and guluronic acids (G). We find that the luminescence from aqueous SA solutions exhibits distinct concentration enhanced emission and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Meanwhile, the ratio of M/G also matters. Rheological measurements reveal the distinct regimes of the solutions, which are consistent with the observed emission, indicative of strong association between the chain entanglement and emission. Moreover, we observe persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the amorphous SA solids, which is a rare case even in pure organic aromatic luminogens. Such unique emission can be remarkably enhanced via coordination with Ca

From the industrial viewpoint, it would be desirable to use neutral aqueous solution when applying chitosan coatings for textile treatment. However, in most cases, chitosan only dissolves in acid solvents. In this work, a self-suspended chitosan derivative with liquid-like behavior was prepared by decorating chitosan with a quaternary ammonium salt followed by ion exchange with nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (NPES). The chitosan derivative with higher NPES content dissolved in neutral aqueous solution, and even exhibited liquid-like viscous behavior without water at room temperature. The morphology, structure, composition, and rheological behavior of the chitosan derivative were systematically characterized using various methods. It was found that incorporation of NPES into the chitosan structure could greatly enhance its dispersion, while the modulus and viscosity of the derivative gradually decreased with increasing temperature. Moreover, the novel chitosan derivative not only directly coated cotton fabric via hydrogen-bonding interaction without removing water but also improved the long-term wettability and moisture retention because of the dual-layer ion structure of the chitosan derivative. The results showed that cotton fabrics coated with such chitosan derivatives could be developed as wound dressing materials in future work.

Functionalized magnesium hydroxide fluids (MHFs) with both grafting reactive acrylate groups and organic long chain ion are successfully fabricated and then incorporated in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to produce flexible MHFs/PPEGDA coated hybrid cotton fabric via UV photo-polymerization. The morphology, composition, transparency, rheological behavior, mechanical and flame retardant properties of MHFs/PPEGDA coating are systematically characterized by various techniques. It is found that tensile strength and young’s modulus of MHFs/PPEGDA/cotton composite are as high as 46 and 556 MPa at MHFs loading amount of 40 wt%, respectively, an enhancement of 58.6 and 66.4% in comparison with PPEGDA/cotton composite. What’s more, the addition of MHFs not only reduces the surface energy of PEGDA to improve its film-forming property during polymerization process, but also maintains high transparency over 90%. Besides the above mentioned advantages, MHFs/PPEGDA coating as thermal induced shape memory material could be fixed their shape at − 4 °C and rapidly recover their original shape at 60 °C, which is related to the melting transition temperature of MHFs. More importantly, with the synergistic effect of magnesium hydroxide and surface grafted organic long chain ion molecules, the flame retardant property of MHFs/PPEGDA/cotton is also significantly improved. These functionalized organic/inorganic fluids provide a simple approach to fabricate high performance cellulose fabrics with tunable properties in the textile industry.

Solid electrolyte has good mechanical strength and can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite, so it has a good application prospect in lithium batteries , especially solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), such as PEO. Due to the stability of lithium metal and the excellent dissociation ability of lithium salts, PEO and its derivatives are the mainstream SPE materials. PEO performs best at high temperatures. However, the flammability and fluidity of PEO at high temperatures may pose safety concerns. In this study, sodium alginate (SA) was introduced into PEO to improve the mechanical properties of SPE and the safety of the battery through the nanofiber membrane structure. The PEO/SA composite solid electrolyte has excellent flame retardance (LOI = 28.6), good thermal stability (>120 °C) and wide electrochemical window (>4.6 V). This will help further research on lithium batteries with high energy density and voltage.

Alginate is a kind of marine-derived plant polysaccharide with useful properties including inherent flame-retardancy and biocompatibility, yet poor flowability and low processing efficiency induced by high viscosity impede its further industrial applications. In this study, PEG-substituted tertiary amines were adapted to functionalize alginate with different molecular weight via acid-base reaction to improve the flowability. Based on alginate with low molecular weight, alginate fluids exhibited excellent flowability at room temperature in the absence of solvent. For alginate with high molecular weight, gelatinous precipitated phase exhibited significant shear-thinning properties and higher solid content despite lack of solvent-free flowability, which was applied to wet-spinning. The alginate fibers exhibited increased tensile strength by 104% and elongation at break by 132% compared with conventional alginate fibers, and the spinning efficiency was significantly improved. The proposed strategy is expected to extend to highly efficient processing of other polysaccharides to obtain high-performance biomedical materials.

Self-reinforcement gel-like halloysite nanotube (g-HNT) hybrids with various viscoelastic behaviors were fabricated by firstly treating with various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and then grafting tertiary amine and ion-exchange reacting with sulfonate anions. The morphology, composition, thermal stability and rheological behavior of the g-HNT hybrids were systematically characterized and analyzed using various methods. It is found that the viscoelasticity of g-HNT hybrids can be easily regulated by using different NaOH solution-treated HNTs as inorganic core and temperatures. In addition, the g-HNT hybrids treated with medium concentration of NaOH (0.06 mol L−1) have the lowest viscosity and highest level of dispersion compared with those treated with other concentrations of NaOH solution. Due to the amphiphilic nature of g-HNT hybrids and their lower viscosity than HNT powder, as novel hybrid fillers, they were utilized to prepare polystyrene composites by direct melt blending for achieving simultaneous reinforcement and plasticization effects. Besides the above mentioned advantages, the thermal conductivity of polystyrene composites is also surprisingly improved by reducing the interfacial mismatch between the filler and polymer matrix. The solvent-free and self-reinforcement hybrids provide a convenient and green path for fabricating high-performance polymer composites. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

Filling can cause polymer melt to undergo a so-called fluid-to-solid transition usually assigned to filler networking effect and heterogeneously retarded polymer dynamics while theories developed nowadays could not account for the several important aspects involving in the reinforcement and dissipation of the composites including the influence of molecular weight of the matrix. Herein linear dynamic rheological behaviors of carbon black filled polystyrene (PS) was investigated, disclosing significantly influences of weight-averaged molecular weight ( M w ) of PS on the reinforcement and dissipation in and beyond the hydrodynamics regime. Attempts to create rheological master curves in hydrodynamics regime, taking account for both dynamics retardation in bulk polymer phase and strain amplification effect induced by filler, disclose time-concentration superpositions. The viscoelastic contributions from the dynamically retarded polymer phase and the viscoelastic “filler phase” are thus evaluated.

Electrospinning of pure alginate or derivatives has always been a pursuing goal in biological fields in recent years owing to its fascinating biological characteristics and biomimetic structures. Yet it is still a severe challenge in view of its insufficient entanglements and strong electrostatic repulsions. Herein, alginate dialdehyde (ADA) with improved and adjustable chain flexibility was prepared via periodate-oxidation. Chain flexibility, concentration, ethanol and crosslinkers played key roles in electrospinning proved by persistence length (lp), the number of entanglement points (ne) and fiber morphology. Finally, insoluble ADA corsslinked nanofiber membranes were obtained, which exhibited excellent mechanical properties and adjustable degradability. Specially, biocompatibility assays confirmed that the preparing membranes were noncytotoxic, and could promote cell attachment and proliferation. Therefore, under the guidance of the relationship between chain flexibility and electrospinnability, pure alginate-based nanofiber membranes are expected to become promising scaffolds for biomedical applications, particularly for wound healing which demanding appropriate degradation.

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), novel 1D natural materials with a unique tubular nanostructure, large aspect ratio, biocompatibility, and high mechanical strength, are promising nanofillers to improve the properties of polymers. In this review, we summarize the recent progress toward the development of polysaccharide-HNTs composites, paying attention to the main existence forms and wastewater treatment application particularly. The purification of HNTs and fabrication of the composites are discussed first. Polysaccharides, such as alginate, chitosan, starch, and cellulose, reinforced with HNTs show improved mechanical, thermal, and swelling properties. Finally, we summarize the unique characteristics of polysaccharide-HNTs composites and review the recent development of the practical applications.

High performance strain sensors have recently attracted immense interest because of their potential applications in wearable devices. However, it remains a challenge in achieving critical feature combinations (e.g., high sensitivity, high mechanical properties, and easy fabrication) for soft wearable sensors. Herein, we fabricated new ionic strain sensors based on agar/NaCl/polyacrylamide double network hydrogels. By taking the advantage of the electric neutrality of agar, we can easily combine the sensitivity and mechanical properties into same ionic hydrogel by tuning the chemical compositions of the hydrogels. Moreover, thanks to the thermoreversible sol-gel properties of agar, the pregel can be injected into various complex shapes. The ionic hydrogels exhibit high strain sensitivity and many superior mechanical properties. The ionic sensor can monitor human motions such as joint motions, slight wrist pulse and subtle muscle movements of throat. Thus, this study demonstrates that the ionic hydrogels have potential applications as high performance strain sensors.

A series of solvent-free ionic silica (SiO2) nanofluids of 12.3–17.3 nm in diameter were synthesized by surface functionalizing nanoscale SiO2 with a charged corona and ionically tethering with oligomeric chains as canopy. The structure and properties of the nanofluids were systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheology tests. The resultant nanofluids with low-molecular-weight oligomeric as canopy are homogeneous, stable yellow-like fluids with no evidence of phase separation at room temperature, while other nanofluids containing high-molecular-weight as canopy behave like a soft glassy, and they exhibit fluidity with still high modulus and viscosity above 60°C. For deeper understanding of the nature of SiO2 nanofluids, the rheological behavior, thermal stability, as well as morphology of SiO2 nanofluids were investigated in details. The flow propertie...

Cationic chitosan was exploited originally as a macro-cross-linker to prepare hydrogels with superb extensibility, perfect elasticity, high toughness and fatigue-resistance by one-step free-radical polymerization. The as-developed approach can be applied to a broad range of hydrophilic monomers and unsaturated Bronsted–Lowry acids, leading to hydrogels with tunable performance.

Colloidal suspensions of glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked or grafted graphene oxide (GO) sheets were fabricated by simply tailoring the feed sequence. The different structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. As demonstration of the utilities, the different colloidal suspensions were used to prepare free-standing papers by flow-directed filtration and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based nanocomposite films by casting. Free-standing papers from GA crosslinked GO sheets exhibited better mechanical properties than unmodified GO paper, while nanocomposite films from GA grafted GO exhibit higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus.

Shell-crosslinked core–shell nanoparticles (SCCSN) of 63–104 nm in diameter and containing 79.1 wt% crosslinked polystyrene (PS) shell of 16.5–37.0 nm in thickness were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of silane modified nanosilica. The PS shell was crosslinked using divinyl benzene in order to anchor the shell on the nanoparticle surface, to segregate the silica core from the matrix and to avoid entanglement between the shell PS and the matrix macromolecules in SCCSN filled PS composites. Steady and dynamic rheologies of SCCSN filled PS were compared with bare silica filled PS. The SCCSN filled PS composites exhibited exceedingly good rheological stability than silica filled ones during annealing. Both bare silica and SCCSN introduced a non-terminal dynamic rheology while they did not introduce additional mechanism responsible for origination of nonlinear steady flow except for macromolecular disentanglement of the PS matrix. The reinforcement of SCCSN to PS was related to the silica core even though the crosslinked shell could effectively eliminate filler aggregation as the case of silica filled PS.

The influences of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) copolymer compatibilizer and compounding process on the electrical conduction and thermal stabilities of carbon black (CB)-filled immiscible polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) (1/1) blends were investigated. The immiscible CB/PP/PS composite with CB homogeneously located in the PS phase exhibited the highest resistivity and the fastest variation amplitudes of electrical resistivity (ρ) and rheological parameters upon annealing. An optimal content of 5 vol% SBS could significantly lower ρ of the composites by partially trapping CB particles in the PP/PS interfacial region and by reducing the phase size. The compatibilizer markedly slowed down the variation amplitudes of ρ and rheological parameters and the phase coalescence of the composites submitted to thermal annealing. The (SBS/CB)/PP/PS composite with CB located at the PP/PS interface and in the PP phase prepared by blending a (SBS/CB) masterbatch with PP and PS exhibited lower ρ and better thermal stability in comparison with the CB/SBS/PP/PS composite with CB mainly within the PS phase and partially at the PP/PS interface prepared by direct blending. Spreading and wetting coefficients were used to explain the CB distribution and the phase morphology of the composites. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

Shell-crosslinked core–shell nanoparticles (SCCSNs) were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of silane-modified inorganic silica. The polystyrene (PS) shell of 58.6% in weight fraction was crosslinked using divinylbenzene. SCCSNs were spherical with a diameter distribution from 32 to 98 nm determined by dynamic light scattering. Dynamic rheology of SCCSNs suspended in PS/toluene solution was compared with that of suspensions of naked silica. The critical strain for onset of rheological nonlinearity was independent of SCCSN concentration above a concentration threshold, which differs from the silica suspensions. Linear dynamic rheological investigation revealed that SCCSN suspensions with a PS volume fraction of 20% were fluid-like at low particle concentrations while suspensions containing 4.2 vol% SCCSNs formed a gel-like structure. On the contrary, the silica suspensions with 20.0 vol% PS underwent a fluid-to-solid-like transition with increasing silica concentration. Reasons for the different rheological behaviors of the naked silica and SCCSN suspensions are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

Polystyrene coated silica (SiO2@PS) core-shell composite particles with averaged diameter of about 290 nm were prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization of styrene on the surface of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane grafted SiO2 nanoparticles of 20–50 nm in diameter. Rheological behavior and dispersion stability of SiO2@PS suspension in 10 wt% PS solution were compared with suspensions of untreated SiO2 and silane modified SiO2 nanoparticles. Suspensions of the untreated and the silane modified SiO2 exhibited obvious shear thinning. The SiO2@PS suspension exhibits shear viscosity considerably smaller than suspensions of untreated and silane modified SiO2 at low shear rates. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the composite particles can uniformly and stably disperse in PS solution compared to other suspensions, implying that the PS shell can effectively enhance the particle compatibility with PS macromolecules in solution.

The electrical and rheological behaviors of carbon black (CB)-filled immiscible polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blends were investigated. The compounding sequence influences the phase morphology of the ternary CB/PP/PS composites and the distribution of CB aggregates. Simultaneous measurements of resistance and dynamic modulus were carried out to monitor the phase coalescence of the ternary composites and CB migration and agglomeration in the PS phase during annealing at temperatures above the melting point of PP. The variation of resistivity is mainly attributed to CB agglomeration in the PS phase and the interfacial region, while the variation of dynamic modulus is regarded as the superimposition of the phase coalescence and CB agglomeration in the PS phase. The ternary composites with the majority of CB particles distributed in the interfacial region show the lowest conductive percolation threshold and the most stable resistivity–temperature performance during heating–cooling cycles. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

Zinc ion as the only flame retardant of cellulose fibers was successfully grafted onto cellulose fibers. Grafting maleic anhydride onto cellulose fibers via homogeneous acylation reaction between N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) as the first step. Then, graft zinc ion onto the formed cellulose fibers was conducted with zinc carbonate. The resulting copolymers were characterized by FTIR. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation of zinc-ion-modified cellulose fibers (cellulose-Zn fibers) was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CONE), XRD, TG and SEM. Zinc ion could effectively improve flame retardancy and thermal degradation when its content increases up to 4.96 wt%.

A facile and general method to covalently functionalize graphene oxide (GO) with copolymers, using poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) (P(St-co-MMA)) as an example, via miniemulsion polymerization is described in this study. After in situ reduction, insulating GO is converted to conductive reduced-graphene oxide (RGO). P(St-co-MMA) grafted RGO as conducting filler was incorporated into immiscible polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend to prepare conductive polymer composites (CPCs). The lowest percolation threshold (0.02 vol%) among all the reported values for graphene-filled CPCs was achieved due to the controllable preferential distribution of the modified RGO at the interfacial region between PS and PMMA phases, attributed to P(St-co-MMA) grafted on the surface of RGO behaving as compatibilizers to improve interfacial interactions with both the two phases. Moreover, P(St-co-MMA) grafting modified RGO could obviously enhance the compatibility reflected by a significant reduction of the size of dispersed phase, for an example, by nearly one order of magnitude for PS/PMMA (4/1 in volume) blends.