Search

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of base oil on the lubricating properties of plastic lubricants obtained from secondary raw materials - used lubricating oils and crushed solid polymers (LDPE and HDPE, PP). It was established that the viscosity of the base oil and the type of polymer thickener significantly affect both the colloidal stability of the plastic lubricant and its lubricating properties. The best lubricating properties were demonstrated by plastic lubricants obtained from SAE 85W-90 transmission base oils (v100=30.0 mm2/s) thickened with crushed HDPE products. Moreover, when comparing these two-component greases with industrial analogues, it was found that their lubricating properties significantly exceed those of companies Agrinol Solidol G0, G1; Agrinol Fiol 1, 2) and are at the level of plastic lubricants Mobil Grease Special; NESTE MP Grease; Shell RETINAX Grease CMX1,2; Mobilux EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the use of naturally derived styling polymers with heat protection properties for hair cosmetic products. Ashland's protected Styleze ™ es polymer line offers an excellent sustainability profile and performance profile. The polymers protect the hair from daily styling damage and enable the development of products for unique individual hairstyles. A new technology called Styleze es-forza is introduced, which not only allows for weather-resistant styling but also has thickening properties and can reduce the use of additional thickeners. The data shows that the hair can be protected from the negative effects of high-temperature styling devices through the use of this technology. [Extracted from the article]

Supercritical CO2 has wide application in enhancing oil recovery, but the low viscosity of liquid CO2 can lead to issues such as poor proppant-carrying ability and high filtration loss. Therefore, the addition of thickening agents to CO2 is vital. Hydrocarbon polymers, as a class of green and sustainable materials, hold tremendous potential for acting as thickeners in supercritical CO2 systems, and PVAc is one of the best-performing hydrocarbon thickeners. To further improve the viscosity enhancement and solubility of PVAc, here we designed a novel polymer structure, PVAO, by introducing CO2-affine functional groups to PVAc. Molecular dynamics simulations were adopted to analyze viscosity and relevant solubility parameters systematically. We found that PVAO exhibits superior performance, with a viscosity enhancement of 1.5 times that of PVAc in supercritical CO2. While in the meantime, PVAO maintains better solubility characteristics than PVAc. Our findings offer insights for the future design of other high-performance polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional production technique employed for low-permeability tight reservoirs exhibits limited productivity. To solve the problem, an acetate-type supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) thickener, PVE, which contains a large number of microporous structures, was prepared using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The product exhibited an ability to decrease the minimum miscibility pressure of scCO2 during a solubility test and demonstrated a favorable extraction efficiency in a low-permeability tight core displacement test. At 15 MPa and 70 °C, PVE-scCO2 at a concentration of 0.2% exhibits effective oil recovery rates of 5.61% for the 0.25 mD core and 2.65% for the 5 mD core. The result demonstrates that the incorporation of the thickener PVE can effectively mitigate gas channeling, further improve oil displacement efficiency, and inflict minimal damage to crude oil. The mechanism of thickening was analyzed through molecular simulation. The calculated trend of thickening exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental measurement rule. The simulation results demonstrate that the contact area between the polymer and CO2 increases in direct proportion to both the number of thickener molecules and the viscosity of the system. The study presents an effective strategy for mitigating gas channeling during scCO2 flooding and has a wide application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tribological performance of novel bio-based lubricating greases thickened with electrospun lignin nanostructures was investigated in a nanotribometer using a steel–steel ball-on-disc configuration. The impact of electrospun nanofibrous network morphology on friction and wear is explored in this work. Different lignin nanostructures were obtained with electrospinning using ethylcellulose or PVP as co-spinning polymers and subsequently used as thickeners in castor oil at concentrations of 10–30% wt. Friction and wear generally increased with thickener concentration. However, friction and wear decreased when using homogeneous bead-free nanofiber mats (with higher fiber diameter and lower porosity) rather than nanostructures dominated by the presence of particles or beaded fibers, which was favored by reducing the lignin:co-spinning polymer ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article substantiates the effect of the concentration of polymer thickener on such basic properties of the plastic lubricant as dripping temperature (td.p., ℃) and adhesive properties (ADG). It was defined that, unlike (td.p., ℃), the ADG indicator is more informative for defining the optimal concentration of the polymer thickener in plastic lubricants produced from secondary raw materials. Determination of the ADG indicator was performed in a laboratory centrifuge, based on the amount of plastic lubricant that remained on the metal plate after the study. This amount should be at the level of 50 % of the initial value. Experimental studies have shown that the optimal concentration in the composition of the lubricant is: in the case of HDPE, 5.0 % for SAE15W-40 oil, 4.3 % for SAE 75W-90 oil, 6.3 % for BP Energol CS68 and HLP-46 oil; in the case of LDPE, this concentration is equal to 7.0 % for SAE15W-40 oil, 5.2 % for SAE 75W-90 oil, 7.4 % for BP Energol CS68 and HLP-46 oil; in the case of PP, this concentration is equal to 7.5 % for SAE15W-40 oil, 6.2 % for SAE 75W-90 oil, 8.0 % for BP Energol CS68 and HLP-46 oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid thickener is of necessity for improving the exploitation capacity for oil and gas resources of carbonate reservoirs. Here a hydrophobic associated polymer (HPA) by introducing a nonionic hydrophobic monomer (AO) was designed as the acid thickener. The experimental results demonstrated that HPA suggests excellent acid resistance, shear resistance, and thermal stability attributing to the gradual exposure of hydrophobic chain to H2O circumstances that enhances the strength of hydrophobic association. The square radius of gyration of HPA raises with the introduction of AO confirming the unfold of HPA by intermolecular hydrophobic association, which strengthens the network structure. The decrease of mean square displacement and diffusion coefficient of H2O and H3O+ molecules suggest the enhancement for network structure by hydrophobic chain owing to HPA hindered the diffusion of H2O and H3O+ molecules. These findings are expected to supply a guidance for the design and research on the acid thickener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonionic polymer thickener ( EOAP) was synthesized from fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and acrylic acid, the structure of EOAP was characterized, its surface properties and application properties were tested, and finaHy the thickening effect of EOAP on standard laundry detergent and sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate ( LAS) was studied. The results showed that EOAP had high surface activity, cmc is 39. 7 mg/L and ycmc is 34. 6 mN/m. Compared with the nonionic surfactant AEO9,the application performance of EOAP is not significantly weakened. Under the premise of ensuring the excellent performance of the main surfactant,5 EOAP was added to the standard laundry detergent and LAS aqueous solution,the viscosity of the former increased by 35 times,and the viscosity of the later also increased to the viscosity of standard dishwashing detergent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop high-salinity, high-temperature reservoirs, two hydrophobically associating polymers as fracturing fluid thickener were respectively synthesized through aqueous solution polymerization with acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), nonionic polymerizable surfactant (NPS) and double-tail hydrophobic monomer (DHM). The thickener ASDM (AM/AA/AMPS/NPS/DHM) and thickener ASD (AM/AA/AMPS/DHM) were compared in terms of properties of water dissolution, thickening ability, rheological behavior and sand-carrying. The results showed that ASDM could be quickly diluted in water within 6 min, 66.7% less than that of ASD. ASDM exhibited salt-thickening performance, and the apparent viscosity of 0.5 wt% ASDM reached 175.9 mPa·s in 100,000 mg/L brine, 100.6% higher than that of ASD. The viscosity of 0.5 wt% ASDM was 85.9 mPa·s after shearing for 120 min at 120 °C and at 170 s−1, 46.6% higher than that of ASD. ASDM exhibited better performance in thickening ability, viscoelasticity, shear recovery, thixotropy and sand-carrying than ASD. The synergistic effect of hydrophobic association and linear entanglement greatly enhancing the performance of ASDM and the compactness of the spatial network structure of the ASDM was enhanced. In general, ASDM exhibited great potential for application in extreme environmental conditions with high salt and high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer composites containing magnetic fillers are promising materials for a variety of applications, such as in energy storage and medical fields. To facilitate the engineering design of respective components, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of such inhomogeneous and potentially highly anisotropic materials is important. Therefore, the authors created magnetic composites by compression molding. The epoxy polymer matrix was modified with a commercial-grade thickening agent. Isotropic magnetic particles were added as the functional filler. The microstructural morphology, especially the filler distribution, dispersion, and alignment, was characterized using microscopy techniques. The mechanical properties of the composites were experimentally characterized and studied by stochastic finite element analysis (SFEA). Modeling was conducted employing four cases to predict the elastic modulus: fully random distribution, randomly aligned distribution, a so-called "rough" interface contact, and a bonded interface contact. Results from experiments and SFEA modeling were compared and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an overview of the rheological properties of aqueous polyurethanes (WPU), as the main component, or as a thickening additive in aqueous formulations. Waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) have been proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional solvent‐based solutions in a variety of industrial applications such as coatings, adhesives, inks. In all these fields, the control of rheological properties became an important prerogative to determine the quality of the dispersion and its potential applicability. First, the effect of parameters such as components, particle size and content, temperature, and interactions on dispersion viscosity was reported. Then, the effect of two additives, i.e. thickeners and nanomaterials, on structure–property relationships of WPU‐base systems, was described. Thickeners are rheological modifiers, commonly used to stabilize the dispersion and prevent flocculation and sedimentation of the particles, or to change the flow behavior of dispersions from Newtonian to pseudoplastic. These species can interact with water and polymer particles to create a network structure that alters the flow resistance, and thus viscosity. The use of hyperbranched aqueous polyurethane as thickening agent in WPU formulations was also presented. On the other hand, nanostructured fillers (0D/1D/2D) or a combination thereof in waterborne polyurethane led to the formation of specific microstructures that prevented the penetration of water, oxygen, and corrosive substances, also improved mechanical and thermal properties, allowing the development of high‐performance WPU‐based products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the flow dynamics of polymer greases was investigated using micro-particle image velocimetry. Polymer greases have a different thickener structure, compared to widely used lithium-based greases, and they have the well-known ability to release oil. How these properties affect grease deformation and its ability to flow is investigated and compared to the corresponding behavior of a lithium complex grease with the same consistency. Two main tests were carried out, where velocity profiles in a straight channel were measured and analyzed, and velocity evolution during the transition period from a no-flow to a fully-established flow was measured, respectively. It was found that the polymer grease flow dynamics is different from that of the lithium grease. This indicates that the internal structure of the grease and the grease ability to bleed oil have a strong influence on the deformation on a global scale, which in turn entails other lubricating abilities for the two grease types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present work aims to investigate the impact of the alginates on the texture properties of cosmetic emulsions. For this purpose, five systems were selected: a classical emulsion without polymer and four emulsions containing polymers, as texture modifiers, at the level of 1%. Two different grades of alginates were chosen: one rich in mannuronic acid and one rich in guluronic acid. The objective was also to evaluate the potential of in‐situ gelation during formulation. The guluronic rich sample was gelled to evaluate the effect on the texture properties. Finally, alginates‐based systems were compared to the xanthan gum as a bio‐sourced polymer reference. Methods: The sensory profile of the systems was established through a combination of prediction models and sensory analysis. The emulsion residual films obtained with natural polymers, Alginates and Xanthan Gum used as thickeners, as well as with the gelled version, were similar. However, the structural differences between polymers intervene during the characterisation of the sensory properties "before" and "during" application. A multi‐scale physicochemical analysis was used to explain these differences. Results: Due to a controlled formulation process, the use of the polymers did not affect the microstructure of the emulsion which remained similar to the control one. The main impact of the polymers was observed on the macroscopic level: both alginates showed their unique textural signature, different from the classical Xanthan Gum. Due to weak structural differences, mechanical and textural properties were very close between the mannuronic rich and guluronic rich samples, when not gelled, compared to other emulsions. However, the molar mass and the mannuronic/guluronic acids ratio were proved to be crucial for the stretching and consistency properties, showing that this structural difference may have an impact when products are handled in traction and compression. Conclusion: Meanwhile, the viscoelastic properties and the dynamic viscosity were greatly increased for the emulsion containing the gelled version of the alginate when compared to the classical polymers. The emulsion was also more consistent as proved by the textural analysis, pointing at better stability and suspension potential of the gelled emulsion versus the classical one containing the usual natural thickening agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common practice for the disposal of tailings is the subaquatic and has become a subject increasingly important and indispensable in the management of dams and operational continuity of mining plants due mainly aspects as: environmental, safety, social, economic, etc. The thickening and filtration techniques are presented as alternatives for the dewatering of tailings. The main objective of this research is to present an alternative different of the techniques mentioned through the use of dewatering polymers development recentily. A tailings around 10% solids in mass and fine granulometry with size less 70µm were evaluated in laboratory scale through tests: column thickener, filtration (horizontal press filter) and aplication of dewatering polymers. Was obtained paste with 52% solids in mass and cake moisture less of 25% for thickening and filtering respectively. Through the use of dewatering polymers was possible initially release over 70% of the water contained in the tailings and obtain results similar that the other techniques with the disposal time. The results showed that is possible the application of this technological alternative and allowed establish a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages among the others techniques mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-linked poly acrylic acid tri-polymer is successfully synthesized by batch charging polymerization of poly allyl tris buffer, di-vinyl benzene and acrylic acid and this new method is profitable in terms of reducing the toxicity, faster, purity and cheaper than available methods. The morphological structure of the synthesized polymer is studied by SEM and the characteristic functional groups of the synthesized polymers are identified using FTIR. TGA and DSC techniques were employed to study their thermal characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galactoglucomannans (GGM) recovered from abundant forest industry side-streams has been widely recognized as a renewable hydrocolloid. The low molar mass and presence of O -acetyl side-groups results in low viscous dispersions and weak intermolecular interactions that make GGM unsuitable for hydrogel formation, unless forcefully chemically derivatized and/or crosslinked with other polymers. Here we present the characterization of hydrogels prepared from GGM after tailoring the degree of acetylation by alkaline treatment during its recovery. Specifically, we investigated gel characteristics of low-acetyl GGM dispersions prepared at varied solid concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %) and pH (4, 7 and 10), and then subjected to ultrasonication. The results indicated that low-acetyl GGM dispersions formed gels (G′ > G″) at all other studied solid concentration and pH level combinations except 5 % and pH 4. High pH levels, leading to further removal of acetyl groups, and high solid concentration facilitated the gel formation. GGM hydrogels were weak gels with strong shear-thinning behavior and thixotropic properties, and high hardness and water holding capacity; which were enhanced with increased pH and solid concentration, and prolonged storage time. Our study showed the possibility to utilize low-acetyl GGM as mildly processed gelling or thickening agents, and renewable materials for bio-based hydrogels. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

11 Schematic diagram of DSAM broken glue solution with different APS contents (no residue) The original article has been corrected. Correction to: Colloid and Polymer Science (2022) 300:569-582 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-... The experiment image labels of Fig. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • Hydrophobically associative polymers. • Cross-linked fracturing fluid has excellent performance. • The residue content is low, and the damage to the reservoir is small. A cyclic quaternary ammonium salt type hydrophobic monomer VIM-16 was synthesized by 1-vinylimidazole and 1-bromohexadecane, and the hydrophobically associative polymer PAAV was prepared with AM and AMPS. It was cross-linked with 0.3% zirconium acetylacetonate to form a viscoelastic fracturing fluid. The rheological properties of it were found to have good thickening and shear resistance properties. Using 0.2% gel breaker, the gel was completely broken. No residue, it was a low damage fracturing fluid. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microscopic morphology, and the morphology after cross-linking to form the jelly showed a uniform, regular and ordered network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to characterize different emulsions obtained by the addition of four thickening agents, using rheological measurements, beyond analyzing the emulsions by polarized light microscopy looking for liquid crystals on them. The addition of these four thickening agents did not modify the base emulsion rheology, only an improvement in the sensory of the formulation was verified. The polarized light microscopy showed the formation of liquid crystalline structures in all the formulations, thus, the thickening agents did not influence in this parameter too. However, the emulsions could be considered appropriated for cosmetic purposes, probably being highly physically stable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: In this study, we consider the influence of different types of polymer thickening admixtures on the rheological behavior of render mortars. The admixtures considered include cellulose–ethers with different molecular weights, a guar ether, and a starch ether. A thorough rheological investigation is performed, including the characterization of the steady state flow behavior and the microstructure at rest. The latter is examined through measuring linear viscoelastic properties using oscillatory rheology. First, it is shown that the fresh mortars behave generally as Hershel–Bulkley fluids with a non-trivial evolution of the rheological parameters with admixture content. The evolution of the viscoelastic properties with admixture content shows that the cellulose ethers and guar ethers decrease the gel-like response of the mortars, while starch ether increases their gel feature. This indicates that there should be a profound difference between the two types of admixtures regarding their organization within the pore solution and their interactions with the mineral particles. The rheological properties are discussed in relation to water retention. It is shown that the ratio between dissipation and elasticity (or cohesion) correlates well with water retention. The more the admixture introduces viscous dissipation (as compared to cohesion) into the system, the more it increases its water retention capacity. Water retention is also correlated with air-entrainment, indicating that the surfactant property of the admixture is a contributing factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

One commonly used lubricant in rolling bearings is grease, which consists of base oil, thickener and small amounts of additives. Commercial greases are mostly produced from petrochemical base oil and thickener. Recently, the development of base oils from renewable resources have been significantly focused on in the lubricant industry. However, to produce an entirely bio-based grease, the thickener must also be produced from renewable materials. Therefore, this work presents the design and evaluation of three different bio-based polymer thickener systems. Tribological tests are performed to characterize lubrication properties of developed bio-based greases. The effect of thickener type on film thickness and friction behavior of the produced bio-based greases is evaluated on a ball-on-disc tribometer. Moreover, the results are compared to a commercial petrochemical grease chosen as benchmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Cellulosic-based thickeners are commonly used in the preparation of hydro-alcoholic hand sanitisers. Yet, little is known about the behaviour of these polymeric dispersions in hydro-alcoholic mixtures. Here, we studied the dispersion ability and rheology of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in water–ethanol mixtures. Hydroxypropyl cellulose formed transparent dispersions across the entire range of ethanol concentrations, while a critical ethanol concentration (CEC), above which dispersions became turbid, was found for all the other polymers. At and below the CEC, all the rheological parameters followed a bell-like shape profile as a function of ethanol concentration. Moreover, the molecular weight and degree of substitution of the polymers influenced the rheological properties. The CEC and rheological behaviour of the dispersions were both dependent on the ethanol/polymer and water/polymer interactions. As hand disinfectants should contain 60–95% ethanol, polymers of higher CEC, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the small molecule thickener developed by professor Robert Enick to increase the viscosity of the gas by 100 times and above. It states that the two ways to thicken any fluid involves the use of ultra-high molecular weight polymers, and the design of small molecules with solvent-philic and solvent-phobic segments. Enick adds the importance of using thickener to reduce water injection and need for the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) for oil extraction. INSET: Epoxides from vegetable oil.