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Rotavirus (RV) has been considered as one of the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis among human infants and the neonates of most farm animal species worldwide. The present study was undertaken to detect rotavirus from faecal samples of bovine calves and to investigate genotypic distribution of rotavirus among bovine population during the period from June 2014 to May 2015. A total of 196 faecal samples were collected from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic calves with age group up to 4 months from different places of Assam, India. Screening of the 196 samples by RNA-PAGE revealed 26 (13.26%) to be positive for bovine RV with characteristic migration pattern of group A RV. The same number samples screened by RT-PCR revealed 71 (36.22%) to be positive for both VP7 and VP4 genes of group A bovine RV. RT-PCR was found to be more sensitive than RNA-PAGE. All non-diarrhoeic samples were negative for RV. Genotyping of RV was carried out by nested-multiplex PCR using type-specific primers of common genotypes. Study revealed that, the most common genotype circulating among bovine population of Assam is G10P[11]. Of 71 RV positive samples, 24 (33.80%) samples were found to be typeable for G10P[11] RV genotype while rest 47 samples were either non-typeable or mixed type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the presence of gram-negative bacteria Clostridium perfringens in pork, fish, chevon, chicken and cow's milk. Topics covered include the presence of alpha toxin and enterotoxin gene in the samples and the sensitivity of Clostridium perfringens to antibiotics enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and gentamicin.

The authors discuss the results of their study on the detection of glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) in Streptococcus suis isolates from pigs. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers extracted from the gene yielded 688 base pair (bp) product. They also found that targeted DNA regions were not limited across pathogenic strains or capsular types. It showed that the isolates can be detected despite the serotype or geographic origin through detection of the gene.

Aim: The present study was conducted to detect and identify the virulence genes in Pasteurella multocida isolates of porcine origin from Assam. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 porcine P. multocida isolates were subjected to capsular typing and detection of virulence-associated genes (pfhA, tbpA, hgbB, toxA, oma87, ompH, and nanB) using various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods reported elsewhere. Further, pathogenicity of the porcine isolates of P. multocida was studied in mice. For each strain of P. multocida selected for pathogenicity trial, the group of mice was injected intraperitoneally (i/p) with 0.1 ml of the inoculum prepared from respective field isolates, containing 109 organisms per ml. Results: Capsular typing of the isolates by multiplex PCR showed two capsular types, type A (66.66%) and type D (33.33%). All the isolates were positive for outer membrane protein genes, oma87 and ompH genes. Iron acquisition genes, tbpA and hgbB, were detected in 14.28% and 19.04% of the isolates. The dermonecrotoxin encoding gene, toxA, was present in 23.80% of the isolates. Filamentous hemagglutinin encoding gene, pfhA, was detected in 28.57%. The virulence gene distribution pattern of the isolates indicates the important role of the genes in disease pathogenesis. Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that toxA gene is an important marker gene for defining the pathogenic potential of P. multocida strains in swine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]