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Two polyketides, cryptosporiopsin A (1) and hydroxypropan-2',3'-diol orsellinate (3), and a natural cyclic pentapeptide (4), together with two known compounds were isolated from the culture of Cryptosporiopsis sp., an endophytic fungus from leaves and branches of Zanthoxylum leprieurii (Rutaceae). The structures of these metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data. Cryptosporiopsin A and the other metabolites exhibited motility inhibitory and lytic activities against zoospores of the grapevine downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola at 10-25μg/mL. In addition, the isolated compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of two other peronosporomycete phytopathogens, Pythium ultimum, Aphanomyces cochlioides and a basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Weak cytotoxic activity on brine shrimp larvae was observed., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Paeciloside A (1) and eight known compounds, acremoauxin A (2), farinosones A (3) and B (4), 1,5-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-arabitol (5), ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, cerebroside C, and adenosine, were isolated from cultures of Paecilomyces sp. CAFT156, an endophytic fungus occurring in Enantia chlorantha Oliv (Annonaceae) leaves. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated using MS, UV, 1D and 2D NMR experiments, while its absolute configuration was established by subsequent single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using copper Kα radiation and invariom nonspherical scattering factors. Paeciloside A (1) and compounds 2, 4, and 5 displayed inhibitory effects on two gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 40 µg per paper disk and moderate cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina). This study presents the first report on an endophytic fungus isolated from E. chlorantha Oliv and its natural products., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In the search for new compounds to protect plants from fungi, an endophytic fungus, Epicoccum sp. CAFTBO, obtained from Theobroma cacao was found to produce three polyoxygenated polyketides, namely epicolactone ( 1) and epicoccolides A ( 2) and B ( 3), together with seven known metabolites. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by a combination of detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses as well as DFT calculations of the electronic circular dichroism spectra and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1. Compounds 1- 3 showed potent antimicrobial activities and significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of two peronosporomycete phytopathogens, Pythium ultimum and Aphanomyces cochlioides, and the basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]