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To investigate the systematic evaluation of pharmacognostic identification of Polygonum capitatum. [Methods] 10 batches of P. capitatum cultivated in Guizhou were chosen for plant samples. Macroscopical identification was conducted on plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. The P. capitatum powder was processed for physical and chemical distinction by FeCl3 chromogenic reaction, hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction, A1C13 color development reaction and thin-layer chromatography. Microscope identification was carried out on the powder. Plant genome DNeasy Plant Kit was adopted for DNA molecular marker identification. [Results] The results showed that the stem of P. capitatum was tufted, the leaves were oval, 2 to 5 cm long, and 1 to 2 cm wide; the leaf apex was acute and cuneate at the base, the inflorescence was capitate, paired or solitary; the raceme was erect and nearly spherical, and the perianth was light red. Furthermore, for the chromogenic reaction of FeCl3 ethanol extract of P. capitatum, appeared blue and turned to dark blue after long time storing at room temperature. For the reaction of hydrochloric acid magnesium powder, the alcohol extract of P. capitatum, exhibited deep red. In the color reaction of A1C1, the alcohol extract revealed yellow fluorescence under 360 nm UV lamp. Microscope identification of the powder displayed pollen grains, crystal sheath fibers, cellulose, vessels, starch grains, cork cells, and other characteristic fragments. In addition, DNA barcoding electrophoresis results showed that P. capitatum showed a clear and bright single band near 500 bp, and further sequencing results showed that the sequence differences were mainly concentrated in 1TS1 and 1TS2 region. [Conclusions] Systematic evaluation for the identification of P. capitatum is established, which combines with macroscopic identification, physicochemical identification, powder microscope identification, and DNA molecular identification. Finally, the original medicinal material is identified as P. capitatum Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives] To explore the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sijicao granules for the treatment of eczema through chemical com- position-network pharmacology. [Methods] First of all, the chemical constituents of Polygonum capitatum and Plantago asiatica from Sijicao granules were collected, and the relevant target information of the constituents was collected by TCMSP, PubChem, DisGeNET, GeneCards and STRING databases. Furthermore, Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to construct the chemical compounds-target network map of Sijicao granules. Finally, STRING database was used for PPI protein network analysis, GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrich- ment analysis of core targets, and molecular docking between core constituents and protein targets was also performed. [Results] 30 constitu- ents, including quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, ellagic acid and gallic acid, were discovered to be the key effective compounds of Sijicao gran- ules in the treatment of eczema. And its core action protein targets were PTGS2, NOS2, AKTI, TP53, IL6, HMOX1. What's more, through GO functional enrichment analysis of biological process (BP), cell component (CC), molecular function (MF) analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the main pathways of action of Sijicao granules for the treatment of eczema including IL-17 signaling pathway, T cell re- ceptor signaling pathway, cancer signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and Relaxin signaling pathway. In addition, molecular docking re- sults displayed that the primary active constituents quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin were well combined with the core protein targets AKTI and IL6. [Conclusions] Sijicao granules could play an important role for the treatment of eczema through multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway and their interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]