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In this study, nanoparticles loaded with active components from Polygonum orientale L. (PO), a traditional Chinese herb known for its anti-myocardial ischemic properties, were investigated for cardio-protective properties. Specifically, OVQ-Nanoparticles (OVQ-NPs) with Orientin (Ori), Vitexin (Vit), and Quercetin (Que) was obtained by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The OVQ-NPs exhibited a spherical shape, with a uniform size distribution of 136.77 ± 3.88 nm and a stable ζ-potential of -13.40 ± 2.24 mV. Notably, these nanoparticles exhibited a favorable sustained-release characteristic, resulting in an extended circulation time within the living organism. Consequently, the administration of these nanoparticles resulted in significant improvements in electrocardiograms and heart mass index of myocardial ischemic rats induced by isoproterenol, as well as decreased serum levels of CK, LDH, and AST. Furthermore, the results of histopathological examination, such as H&E staining and TUNEL staining, confirmed a reduced level of cardiac tissue pathology and apoptosis. Moreover, the quantification of biochemical indicators (SOD, MDA, GSH, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6) demonstrated that OVQ-NPs effectively mitigated myocardial ischemia by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, OVQ-NPs demonstrate promising therapeutic potential as an intervention for myocardial ischemia, providing a new perspective on traditional Chinese medicine treatment in this area., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Although Polygonum orientale L. (PO) has a beneficial effect on treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI), its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanism of PO against MI through MAPK signaling pathways. Firstly, the therapeutic effect of PO was evaluated for treatment of MI mice. Using Western blot and immunohistochemistry, the influence of PO on MAPK signaling pathways and cell apoptosis was investigated. Subsequently, one key pathway (ERK) of MAPK signaling pathways was screened out, on which PO posed the most obvious impact. Finally, an inhibitor of ERK1/2 was utilized to further verify the regulatory effect of PO on the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. It was found that PO could reduce the elevation of the ST segment; injury of heart tissue; the activity of LDH, CK, NOS, cNOS and iNOS and the levels of NO, BNP, TNF-α and IL-6. It is notable that PO could significantly modulate the protein content of p-ERK/ERK in mice suffering from MI but hardly had an effect on p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38. Additionally, the expressions of bax, caspase3 and caspase9 were inhibited in heart tissue in the PO-treated group. To evaluate whether ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) could block the effect of PO on treatment of MI, both PO and PD98059 were given to mice with MI. It was discovered that the inhibitor indeed could significantly reverse the regulatory effects of PO on the above indicators, indicating that PO could regulate p-ERK/ERK. This study provides experimental evidence that PO extenuates MI injury, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

Polygonum orientale L. is a traditional Chinese medicine having extensive pharmacological activities including antimyocardial ischemia (MI) injury properties. Isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, quercitrin, astragalin and protocatechuic acid are the main compounds in P. orientale extract. The aim of this study was to establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of the content of these compounds in urine, feces and bile samples simultaneously and application of the method in a comparative excretion study in normal and MI model rats after oral administration of P. orientale extract. Chromatographic seperation was conducted on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C 18 column with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water. Negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification. The six compounds had good linearity (r ≥ 0.9921) and acceptable accuracy ranging from 10.10 to -5.82% The relative standard deviations of within-day precision and inter-day precision were <10.45 and 13.44%, respectively. The extraction recovery of the six analytes ranged from 80.31 to 101.47% and the matrix effect was 82.56-102.88%, indicating that the preparations of sample collected form urine, feces and bile were stable throughout analysis. The excretion amount of the six analytes increased in both normal and MI model rats' urine, feces and bile in a 24 h period and became stable between 36 and 48 h after administration. The total excretion rate of six compounds was <5% in urine, feces and bile of normal and MI model rats. The excretion peak period for all compounds in MI rats was slower than that in normal rats. This excretion study provides insights for further application and research on P. orientale., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of quercitrin, astragalin, afzelin and taxifolin, four major bioactive components of Polygonum orientale inflorescence extracts, between sham-operated and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats.Rats were divided into two groups: MIRI model and sham-operated. The blood samples were collected according to the time schedule. The levels of quercitrin, astragalin, afzelin and taxifolin in the plasma at designated time points were determined using an HPLC-MS/MS method. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from the plasma concentration versus time data using non-compartmental methods. After the administration of the Chinese herb Polygonum orientale inflorescence extracts, the C max , AUC, as well as MRT, increased, while CL decreased, in MIRI model compared to the sham-operated animals.These results suggest that the pathological damage of ischemia-reperfusion had a significant impact on the pharmacological effects of Polygonum orientale inflorescence extracts on ischemic heart disease.The method had been successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of quercitrin, astragalin, afzelin and taxifolin in rat plasma after the oral administration of Chinese herb Polygonum orientale inflorescence extracts in rats.

Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don is traditionally used by Hmong for the treatment of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis. Information regarding the pharmacokinetic behavior of the extract in the condition of pyelonephritis is lacking. In the present study, we aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), and quercitrin (QR)-the main bioactive constituents in the herb-in normal and pyelonephritis rats. The plasma samples were collected at various time points after administration of a single dose of Polygonum capitatum extract. The plasma level of GA, PCA, and QR at the designed time points was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and drug concentration versus time plots were constructed to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The AUC (0-t) , AUC (0-∞) , MRT (0-t) , and CL of GA, PCA, and QR in pyelonephritis rats was significantly different from those of the normal rats. The results indicated that the three constituents have higher rate of uptake and slower rate of elimination in the rats with pyelonephritis, suggesting altered rate and extent of drug metabolism.

To establish a UPLC method for simultaneous determination of seven chemical markers (gallic acid, catechin, alphitonin, taxifolin, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside) of the flowers of Polygonum Oriental collected from Guizhou province. Separation was performed at 45 degrees on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) with a gradient solvent system of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 280 nm, and the sample injection volume was 1 microL. In the selected linear range, all calibration curves of the seven chemical markers showed good linearity. The recoveries (n = 6) were in the range of 97.90% -101.4% and RSD were less than 3.8%. The results showed that the seven compounds contained in all the samples of the flowers of P. orientale can be chosen as their chemical markers and that this UPLC-PAD method is simple, reliable and suitable for the quality control of the flowers of P. orientale. However, the chemical markers may be present at different levels for samples collected in different areas and at different times. A collection time of mid-to-late August with relatively high content of the chemical markers was suggested for the flowers of P. orientale.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the essential substance from the Polygonum oriental., Method: Chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence., Result: Seven compounds were obtained and identified as ombuine-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), ombuine-3-O-rutinoside (2), tryptophan (3), quercetin-3-O-methyl ether (4), kaempferol-3-O-(2"-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl) -beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (7)., Conclusion: Compounds 4-7 were isolated from P. oriental for the first time and compounds 1-3 were firstly obtained from the genus Polygonum. The total 1H and 13C-NMR date of compound 1 were assigned for first time.

Objective: To identify the compounds in herb of Polygonum orientale by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with PDA and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI/MS)., Method: The chromatographic separation was carried out at 45 degrees C on a BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) eluted in the gradient program. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid. The detecion of PDA was set between 190 nm and 400 nm. The mass spectra was obtain by Waters ACQUITY triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in negative ion mode with ion spray voltage 3 kV. The temperature of the source and desolvation were set at 120 degrees C and 350 degrees C, separately. Nitrogen was used as the desolvation gas (750 L h(-1)) and cone gas (50 L h(-1)). For collision induced dissociation (CID), argon was used as the collision gas at a flow rate of 0.18 mL min(-1). The mass range recorde, m/z 100-1000., Result: One phenolic acid, eleven flavonoids were well separated and identified by the method., Conclusion: The method is simple and rapid for the compound identification in the herb of P. orientale.

In this study, a UPLC-PDA method for simultaneous determination of catechin(1), isoorientin(2), orientin(3), quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-glucarono-pyranoside(4), taxifoliol(5), luteolin(6), quercitrin(7) and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside(8) in Polygonum orientale in Guizhou province was developed. Analysis was performed at 45 degrees C, on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm), eluted with a gradient program of acetonitrile-0.1% H3PO4 aqueous solution as the mobile phases. The flow rate was of 0.30 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. The method validation proved that the linearity, instrument precision, repeatability, intermediate precision and accuracy accorded with the requirement for anassay. The established method had been used for determination above eight components in twenty lots of P. orientale in different places and harvest time in Guizhou province, and the results showed that the chemical composition was basically the same in herbs, but there were some difference in content of the tested components. the contents of the tested ingredients were relatively high and stable in the sample collected in August.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the active portion from the flowers of Polygonum oriental., Method: Chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence., Result: Nine compounds were obtained and identified as alphitonin (1), methyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate (2), apocynin (3), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (5), 3,3'-dimethoxyellagic-acid-4-O-beta-D-glucoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (7), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (8), kaempferol (9)., Conclusion: Compounds 2, 4, 5 were isolated from P. oriental for the first time and compounds 1, 3 were firstly obtained from the genus Polygonum.