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• A delay of 3 months was found for the effect of air pollutants (PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and CO) to tuberculosis incidence. However, the effect of PM 10 to tuberculosis incidence was delayed by 9 months. • A single pollutant model showed that all air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3) in this study would have an increased risk of tuberculosis. It found that if concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3 increased by 1 μg/m3 (or 1 mg/m3), the number of tuberculosis cases would increase by 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.58%, 0.42%, 6.9%, and 0.57%, respectively. • The results of this optimal multi-pollutant model showed that the optimal model was a two-factor model (PM 10 + NO 2) and factors in the model have an increased risk of tuberculosis. This study aimed to explore the impact of atmospheric pollutants on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), and provide new ideas for the prevention and control of TB in the future. It explored the relationship between air pollutants and meteorological factors, as well as between air pollutants and heating through Spearman correlation analysis and rank sum test. Additionally, it analyzed the relationship between air pollutants and TB incidence using the general additive model. Statistical analysis results at the p < 0.05 level were considered significant. Three months after exposure to air pollutants (PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and CO) TB incidence increased. However, TB incidence increased 9 months after exposure to PM 10. The single pollutant model showed when concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3 increased by 1 μg/m3 (or 1 mg/m3), the number of TB cases increased by 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.58%, 0.42%, 6.9%, and 0.57%, respectively. The optimal multi-pollutant model was a two-factor model (PM 10 + NO 2). Air pollutants including PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3 increased the risk of TB. Few studies have been conducted in this area of research, especially regarding the mechanism. The results of this study should contribute to the understanding of TB incidence and prompt additional research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]