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The article examines the history of Russian immigrants on the Philippine Island of Tubabao, where they fled from China in 1948 to avoid repatriation to the USSR. The refugees lived on the island for four years, a period the local population remembers as Tiempo Russo. The authors goal was to examine how Filipinos saw the Russians by interviewing older islanders who had had direct contacts with the emigrants. The survey focused on three topics: 1) Fears of the Russians when they arrived on the island; 2) Formal and informal social means of communication between natives and Russians; 3) The level of respondents' trust in Russian refugees. The interviews revealed that the large number of refugees (6,000) who arrived on the island initially aroused apprehension among the local population. However, the Russians good behavior, friendliness and openness eventually dispelled all fears. The Russians and the islanders developed stable links as they bartered products and carried out leisure activities together, among others. At the same time, the islanders were introduced to Russian everyday culture: playing the piano, watching movies, drinking alcohol (coconut wine). In general, the local population saw their temporary positive effects. They made an impression as open, friendly, hospitable people, who loved to drink and treat others very well.

Attracting compatriots living abroad is strategically vital in the context of continuing depopulation in Russia. However, a multilayered definition of the category of a compatriot creates blurred boundaries. As a result, it is somewhat problematic to assess the number of Russian compatriots living abroad objectively. The paper presents the results of a study of the socio-demographic structure of the Russian-speaking population in far-abroad countries. The statistical data of Rosstat, the UN, Eurostat, OECD, and national statistical services of foreign countries were analyzed to assess the number of Russian-speaking populations and determine the main emigration channels and geography of resettlement. Within the study, the authors have conducted an expert survey of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Embassies of the Russian Federation, and representative offices of Rossotrudnichestvo in foreign countries. The survey results indicate the heterogeneous structure of Russian-speaking communities by reasons of emigration, socio-economic status, degree of integration into the host society, gender, and ethnic composition, and geography of resettlement. However, state policy analysis towards compatriots shows that it targets people who already demonstrate an interest in Russia, participate in Russian-speaking organizations, and get involved in cultural, religious, and sports events. There is a need for cooperation and interaction with Russian-speaking people. Moreover, given that young people adapt and get integrated more efficiently, it is essential to prevent the loss of cultural capital of Russian-speaking youth living abroad. It is necessary to develop and implement a more differentiated approach towards interaction with the Russian-speaking population.

Abstact: This article studies the fate of World War I veterans in the Russian diaspora. The author discusses the settlement of former combatants, assistance by emigre organisations, and historical memory. Her research relies on a broad source base, including archival and published documents, as well as emigre periodicals. The article demonstrates that the former combatants were scattered in various countries and included prisoners of war, officials of the Russian Expeditionary Corps, as well as the members of the White movement. She concludes that, in contrast to Soviet Russia, the Russian diaspora sought to commemorate the “bearers of Russian honour” and perpetuate the memory of their exploits with memorials to those died in foreign lands.

This article addresses Rachmaninoff’s activities in Paris, both a musical capital of the world and unrivalled cultural centre of the Russian emigration until 1940. It looks at the small number of concerts performed by the pianist there and places them in the context of the French press. It attempts to understand his ambiguous personal relationship to the city, the activity of his publishing company “TAIR”, and finally assesses the extent of the composer’s charitable endeavours for the Russian community. The article concludes Rachmaninoff was of monumental significance for the “Russian” Paris. В статье освещается деятельность Рахманинова в Париже, который до 1940 года являлся не только одной из мировых музыкальных столиц, но и культурным центром русской эмиграции. Обращается внимание на незначительное количество концертов, которые дал там пианист, и то место, которое они заняли во французской прессе. Предпринимается попытка понять неоднозначное отношение Рахманинова к Парижу, рассказывается о его издательском предприятии «Таир» и, наконец, оценивается благотворительная деятельность Рахманинова в отношении русской диаспоры. Делается вывод об огромном значении Рахманинова для «русского» Парижа. Париз је једна од водећих престоница музичког света. Између 1925. и 1940. био је и интелектуални, културни и политички центар руске емиграције. Било би изненађујуће да Сергеј Рахмањинов није провео неко време у том граду. И заиста, између 1928. и 1939. тамо је одржао дванаест клавирских реситала и два концерта с оркестром. Релативно мали број концерата које је Рахмањинов имао у Паризу сугерише да је француска публика била навикнута на другачију, егзотичнију руску музику, препуну блиставих пејзажа, костима, плесача виртуозних скокова и боја. Томе у прилог иде и приметан вакуум који је око Рахмањинова начинила француска штампа од краја двадесетих до почетка четрдесетих година. Његов шездесети рођендан и четрдесетогодишњицу његове музичке каријере 1933. године, који су у руским круговима у Паризу прослављени с великом помпом, није забележио ниједан од популарних, а ни музичких часописа Француске. Сам Рахмањинов би најрадије изабрао живот на селу. Међутим, бракови обеју кћерки чврсто су га били везали за Француску, а посебно за Париз. Тамо је покренуо издавачку кућу „Tair“. Рахмањинов, као и чланови његове породице, писци из руске дијаспоре и колеге музичари били су укључени у тај подухват. Издавачку кућу је користио да помогне Русима, објављујући њихова дела. Рахмањиновљев однос према Паризу био је амбивалентан. С једне стране, он је живот у Паризу сматрао добрим. С друге стране, у писмима је град називао „уклетим“, „ужурбаним и скупим“, а говорио је и да рђаво делује на његово здравље и да га је „растргао га на комаде“. Иако су добротворни концерти били уобичајена појава у Рахмањиновљевој каријери, та добротворна димензија била је посебно важна у Паризу. Помагао је руске студенте, добротворне организације за помоћ емигрантима, цркве и образовне установе, попут Института Светог Сергија. Ако Рахмањинов није оставио готово никаквог трага у музичкој историји Париза, то је за „руски“ Париз међуратног доба несумњиво имао огроман значај. В основу статьи положен доклад шотландского музыковеда Стюарта Кэмпбелла (1949–2018), прочитанный на конференции Русский Париж между двух мировых войн (Москва, Дом русского зарубежья имени Александра Солженицына, 3 декабря 2013 года). Статья и приложение к ней подготовлены к публикации С. Г. Зверевой и Г. Л. Лапшиновым.

The aim of the article is to consider basic organization and network mechanisms of support and promotion of the Russian world ideas, Russian-speaking diaspora abroad, Russian language and Russian culture in the world. The description of institutional mechanisms of the Russian world bases on data about the activity of organizations (as independent, and as the umbrella-type), institutions of the Russian Federation, associations of communities, organizations and institutions, acting online and offline, providing open access to their data. To build a network model of the Russian world organizations, authors analyzed data of 134 websites of the Russian world organizations, which are the most well-developed and extensive network communities. Authors conclude about extension of institutional structures and elements of the Russian world, which actively interact and are included into informational, organizational and methodic exchange to popularize and promote Russian language and way of life, and Russian civilization in the world arena. The network mechanisms are presented in the scheme about interaction of the institutionalized elements of the Russian world., Рассматриваются основные организационные и сетевые механизмы поддержки и продвижения идей Русского мира, русскоязычной диаспоры за рубежом, русского языка и российской культуры в мире. Основой описания институциональных механизмов Русского мира стали данные о деятельности организаций, сетевых сообществ, объединений зонтичного и независимого типа, учреждений Российской Федерации, ассоциаций сообществ, организаций и учреждений, действующих как онлайн, так и офлайн, но при этом имеющих виртуальные представительства, предоставляющие открытый доступ к информации об их деятельности. С целью получения сетевой модели организаций русского мира авторами осуществлен анализ 134 сайтов объединений русского мира в сети Интернет — наиболее разветвленных объединений (сетевых порталов, сообществ). По итогам сделан вывод о разветвленности институциональных структур и элементов Русского мира и их активном взаимодействии и включенности в информационный, методический и организационный обмен с целью популяризации и продвижения русского языка и русской культуры и образа жизни, русской цивилизации на мировой арене. Сетевые механизмы представлены графически в виде схемы взаимодействия институционализированных элементов Русского мира.

The paper brings up the challenge that the literary works authored by the "fourth-wave" emigrants face when entering the contemporary Russian literature. It is noted that the meaningful character of the Russian-speaking diaspora and the talented writers it comprises may be leading to local Russian-language literatures emerging outside Russia. A hypothesis is put forward that in the nearest future their interaction with the metropolitan Russian literature will develop following a classical regional model. An issue of establishing factors to identify such local literatures is discussed to distinguish them as advanced artistic phenomena. In conclusion, an effort is made to formulate the working principles to be applied for using the non-metropolitan Russian literature as a soft power resource.

Building on recent research into the religious aspects of the Cold War and the humanitarian efforts of the American Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in early twentieth-century Europe, this article locates the historical origins of religious anti-communism in late imperial Russian reactions to the revolution of 1905–07. It explores the interactions of Russian Orthodox Christian intellectuals, especially Nikolai Aleksandrovich Berdyaev, with prominent YMCA leaders such as Donald A. Lowrie and Paul B. Anderson, both of whom were mainline Protestants. Using Russian and US archives, the article documents the networks and mechanisms through which Berdyaev influenced his YMCA contacts. It shows that he shaped their efforts to fight communism in the interwar period and early Cold War through the promotion of religious values, or what Anderson referred to as ‘a Christian solution to international tension’. This concept was derived from early twentieth-century Russian ideas about the opposition between Christianity and ‘nihilism’ or ‘humanism’ as integral worldviews.

The Russian population of Tajikistan has traditionally played a prominent role in political, economic, cultural and scientifi c development of the country despite the fact that Russian diaspora has always lacked consolidation. However the collapse of the USSR was followed by increasing deprivation of the Russians insofar as they adapt slowly to a new political and socio-economic system of Tajikistan, feel discriminated, are classifi ed as “poor” and tend to migrate to Russia. According to the author, the problem of the Russians in Tajikistan is a part of a broader “Russian problem of the XXIth century” and stresses the necessity to develop a national policy strategy of Russia.

This given article looks at the experience of national building on the post-Soviet territory conditions after dissolution of the Soviet empire. And it became in terms of experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Under imperial experience of national development of the former Soviet republics in article following phenomena are as follows: First is the continuity of many elements of an ethnic course of Russian empire in the national policy of the Soviet Union. Secondly, circumstance, which dissolved the Soviet Union, became possible in many aspects because of opposition of its non-Russian ethnic groups to imperial character of the Soviet national policy, to consciousness of Russian ethnic groups, its leadership in social structure of the Soviet society.