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The contributions of tourism to the economic, social, and cultural development of rural areas have been attracting the attention of researchers since 2005. Nonetheless, the scopes and intellectual structures of those studies are uncertain. Therefore, this study presents the most influential research groups, journals, and the most effective inter-research associations in the field of rural tourism within the last 20 years, employing the bibliometric mapping method. To this end, Web of Science Core Collection database was used to retrieve relevant data for the period of 2000-2020. Also, the data are limited to the English language. Articles, books, book chapters, proceedings papers were included in the analysis. Analysis of co-citation was carried out using VOSviewer.The results of the Analysis of 864 documents indicate that rural tourism studies are categorized into 5 groups. Besides Tourism Management; Annals of Tourism Research and Journal of Sustainable Tourism are the most essential journals in the related field. Moreover, Richard Sharpley, Bernard Lane, Gunjan Saxena, and Collin Michael Hall are the most influential researchers in this field. The results of the study are crucial in that they reveal the line of progress and potential areas of improvement in this field to the researchers who are interested in rural tourism.

The paper proposes a new approach towards the Soviet specific knowledge production system – krayevedeniye – as a fluid field of various concepts and intellectual practices from the perspective of the history of spatial sciences. It shows the connection of krayevedeniye with Soviet science, introduces the people involved in krayevedeniye, reveals their contribution to the Soviet planned economy, and aims to embed ‘kray’ as a separate spatial concept. Moreover, it discusses whether krayevedeniye might be seen as a separate spatial science, rather than in the tradition of regional/local history research. By addressing these topics, I hope to contribute to a better understanding of Soviet spatial sciences, Soviet regionalism, centre-periphery relationships, and Soviet spatial history.

Strategies applied by urban policy makers in order to achieve sustainable city development may be in conflict with each other because it crosses many disciplines and policy areas. This research focusses on the dilemma between compact city and urban greenspace policies and their influence on actual land-use change in Amsterdam and Brussels. These cases are selected because of their similar urban growth yet diverse policy and governance contexts. We contend that comparing how urban policies try to address this dilemma can provide a deeper understanding of how policy strategies affect land-use change. The results show that densification indeed decreases the quantity (Amsterdam: −4.7% Brussels: −11.9%), average size (A: −3.1% B: −25.6%) and connectivity of urban greenspaces. Observed land-use changes seem disconnected from purported urban greenspace policies, whereas urban development plans seem to dominate changes in greenspace quantity and form.

Developing knowledge-based and usable climate change policies requires establishing science-policy interfaces through which knowledge producers and policymakers cooperate. Current research reveals that co-production-based interfaces dominated neither by knowledge producers nor policymakers succeed in facilitating the transformation of knowledge into politics. From this point of view, this paper explores how Izmir Development Agency (IZKA), a regional development agency in Turkey, utilizes scientific knowledge and science-policy interfaces in its activities on climate change. Based on the analysis of agency documents and semi-structured interviews with experts from and outside IZKA, the findings indicate that IZKA thrives in integrating scientific knowledge on climate change in its activities drawing from multi-stakeholder and multi-level science-policy interfaces that have significant similarities with the co-production model. In these interfaces, international, national, regional, and local stakeholders share their resources, knowledge, and experience on climate change. Although legal, geographical, and demographic conditions also have an impact, the main reason behind IZKA’s success is the agency’s climate-focused vision that shapes decisions, strategies, organizational structure, and activities. In parallel to the indicated finding, this paper also discloses that the perspective of not prioritizing climate change and considering the potential benefits as only “co-benefit” does not yield results with the desired efficiency. Another finding is that even though the national government is the main actor on climate in Turkey, development agencies are capable of carrying out transformative activities in their regions, albeit limited.

Cities are at the forefront of the global challenges of climate change. Compared to other urban problems, the complexity and uncertainty of climate change presents new governance challenges. Consequently, new modes of urban governance have emerged to address climate change, including multilevel governance (the cooperation of governmental actors positioned at different jurisdictions and governance levels); network governance (the collaboration between public and private actors in steering collective action); and experimental governance (the trial-and-error-based interventions to generate new climate solutions). This review paper compares urban climate governance in China and the West through the three analytical perspectives. The findings show that the actors involved in urban climate governance have become more diverse in China and globally, driven by new governance mechanisms that encourage the active involvement of a broad range of state and non-state actors. However, Chinese urban climate governance does exhibit distinctive characteristics under the country's unique political-economic contexts. Therefore, care must be exercised in obtaining a nuanced and contextualized understanding of urban climate governance in China. This paper concludes by offering several suggestions for future research in Chinese urban climate governance.

This paper uses the method of applied analysis of regional complexes developed at the Centre for Comprehensive Chinese Studies and Regional Projects, MGIMO University (Moscow, Russia). Its scientific relevance is defined by the importance of understanding the international and political situation in and around Myanmar. The aim of this study is a scientific exploration of the Rohingya crisis by means of applied methods of regional analysis, designed by the author. This methodology aims to trace scenarios of the development of international and political situations in the region based on the types of interactions within the Southeast Asian regional complex. The article offers the authors own definition of regional complex that builds on the works of Alexei D. Voskressenski, introduces an algorithm of scenario analysis, outlines six ideal types of regional complexes, and defines stable and unstable types of regional complexes. The first part of the article is devoted to current approaches in the study of regional problems in International Relations and World Regional Studies; the second part describes the authors conception of applied international political analysis of regional complexes; and the third part contains an example of the application of scenario analysis to specific regional and domestic affairs - in this case, the contemporary situation in Myanmars Rakhine State. The research yields the following results: 1) by using a combination of the methods of news monitoring and event analysis, the author collected information on political processes in Rakhine over the last five years; 2) this information was arranged according to the matrix compiled by the author, which characterized the situation development according to the negative (-5-1) and positive (+1+5) scenarios; 3) based on the results of the aforesaid analysis, the author comes to a conclusion on the character and intensity of the Rohingya crisis and describes possible ways of its settlement.

The article offers an analysis of the European legislation in the field of creation and functioning of information systems for population registration. The author argues that population accounting is conditioned by the need to solve multiple domestic economic, social and demographic issues, as well as global problems of mankind. The information of the UN Statistical and UN Population Commissions on population and housing stock based on the states information systems formed the main selection criterion. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that there is no uniform approach in the legal regulation of population registration in EU national territories. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Hungary, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Finland have established and operate unified registers containing information about the population. Although the information systems differ, the common feature is that the public nature of the register information is emphasized; it is integrated and unified throughout the territory, the terms central and national are widely used. The author concludes that the study of world experience contributes to the improvement of national legislation and law enforcement in the relevant field of public relations, which is especially relevant in connection with the adoption of Federal Law No. 168-FZ of 08.06.2020 On the Unified Federal Information Register containing information about the population of the Russian Federation.

There is considerable evidence in the literature of the nature of Indigeneity in Africa, yet few studies explore the complexity of definitions of the concept at different spatial scales. This paper builds on existing scholarship by problematizing ‘Indigeneity’ at both regional and national scales through a critical analysis and synthesis of contemporary literature across sub-Saharan Africa, in association with a specific case study from northern Ghana. In generating the review, the concomitant implications for natural resource management and associated conflicts are analyzed. The paper argues that the definitions and conceptualizations of Indigeneity are heterogeneous with numerous ambiguities and complexities at regional and national scales, which have contemporary implications for both acute and prolonged issues of natural resource allocation and management. Claims of Indigeneity in relation to climate change-driven migration and settlement processes are facilitating support for resource access and utilization, but also generating a myriad of problems linked to overlapping and disputed claims. The ambiguity of claims of Indigeneity by vulnerable individuals and groups also has latent implications. Political misunderstandings or conflicts over natural resources are becoming more widespread across Africa during a period of environmental change. Understanding the complexity of Indigeneity at both regional and national scales will provide important opportunities to inform effective policy for the sustainable and equitable distribution and management of resources in sub-Saharan Africa.

This study systematically reviews randomly selected 155 experimental studies in education field originated in the Republic of Turkey between 2010 and 2020. Indiscriminate choice of sample size in recent publications prompted us to evaluate their statistical power and precision. First, above and beyond our review, we could not identify any large-scale experiments such as cluster-randomized or multisite randomized trials, which overcome shortcomings of small-scale experiments, better suit to the organizational structure of the education field, nevertheless require far greater effort and financial resources. Second, none of the small-scale experiments has reported or conducted ex-ante power analysis. Third, results indicate that studies are sufficiently powered to detect medium effects and above (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.50), however they are underpowered to detect small effects (Cohen’s d ≤ 0.20). Trends in the past ten years indicate precision remained unchanged. We made several recommendations to increase the precision of experimental designs and improve their evidential values: Determine sample size prior to an experiment with power analysis routine, randomize subjects / clusters to obtain unbiased estimates, collect pre-test information and other relevant covariates, adjust for baseline differences beyond covariate control, document attrition, report standardized treatment effect and standardized variance parameters. Findings should be interpreted considering minimum effects in education that are relevant to education policy and practice.

This study aims to provide various maps of the evolution, current situation and future lines of sustainability indicators for tourism destinations research. The bibliographic analysis of 440 papers (after refinement) published from 1995 to 2021 reveal the existence of three stages over time and an enormous increase during the last eight years. The results suggest the multidisciplinary nature of the subject that has developed from environmental and social areas to scientific and technological areas, and the existence of seven clusters around the knowledge base. The key research topics have evolved from an essentially instrumental approach to the applicability of developments to management and specific perspectives. The seven following topics merit further research: (1) proposals for different types of destination, (2) indicators construction methodologies, (3) fulfilment of SDGs, (4) development of international frameworks, (5) role of host communities, (6) interactions between stakeholders and (7) focus to climate change effect.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue “The Entrepreneurship Challenges in Latin America”. Design/methodology/approach Latin America and the Caribbean is a region with many potentialities. Like one of the largest markets in the world, entrepreneurship activities can constitute a key element to enhance regional competitiveness. Findings This study makes a general overview of entrepreneurship dynamics in Latin America and its contexts. This study presents the eight manuscripts that constitute the special issue. Originality/value This study contributes to current academic conversations and highlights the relevance of continuing inquiring about the entrepreneurship phenomena at the regional level. Contribution to impact This study expects that this special issue will help the region’s scholarly entrepreneurship community and others interested in Latin America. This study also believes that this special issue manuscript makes a relevant contribution to policy and practice.

This research aims to examine the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the instructional settings in Asia-Pacific countries and states, ranking among the Top 10 in the PISA test. PISA is an OECD’s assessment tool which is applied every three years to measure 15-year-olds’ ability to use their knowledge in mathematics, science, and reading. PISA was first held in 2000, and it has been observed an increasing number of Asia-Pacific countries and states in the Top 10 over the years. Nowadays, one focus of national education systems is on educational technologies and their impact on teaching processes. Therefore, this study focuses on studies regarding the ICT integration of countries in the Asia-Pacific region and their effects on student performance in the PISA test. The document analysis method was used to examine PISA results and reports, OECD reports, ICT integration projects, and studies on PISA. Successful ICT integration activities of Asia-Pacific countries and states were determined by comparing their efforts for ICT integration across countries. Additionally, studies on ICT integration of the Asia-Pacific countries were compared with the studies conducted in Turkey and inferences were made about the effect of ICT integration studies on the outcomes of PISA., Bu çalışmada, PISA sınavlarında ilk 10 içerisine giren Asya-Pasifik bölgesindeki ülkelerin Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerini eğitim ortamlarına nasıl entegre ettikleri araştırılmıştır. PISA, OECD tarafından 3 yılda bir düzenlenen ve 15 yaş grubundaki öğrencilerin matematik, fen bilimleri ve okuma becerilerinin değerlendirildiği bir programdır. 2000 yılında yapılmaya başlanan PISA’da zamanla ilk 10 içerisine giren Asya-Pasifik bölgesindeki ülkelerin arttığı görülmektedir. Günümüzde ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerinin dayandığı temel noktalardan birisi de eğitim teknolojileri ve bunların öğretim süreçlerine yansımaları olmuştur. Bu nedenle çalışmada, Asya-Pasifik bölgesindeki ülkelerin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerine yönelik entegrasyon çalışmaları ve bu çalışmaların PISA sınavlarında öğrenci başarısına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, döküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda; PISA sonuçları ve raporları, OECD raporları, ülkelerin BİT entegrasyonuyla ilgili yapılmış projeleri, PISA ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, ülkelerin BİT entegrasyonuna yönelik çalışmaları karşılaştırılarak, BİT entegrasyonunda ön plana çıkan uygulamaları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ülkelerin BİT entegrasyon çalışmaları ile Türkiye’de yapılan uygulamalar kıyaslanarak bu çalışmaların PISA sonuçlarına etkisiyle ilgili çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.

We analyse 465 articles published in EIST from June 2011 until June 2021 to identify topics addressed in the journal. We find eight main topics and assess how their shares changed over time as well as how many citations they received. The topics with the largest shares in all publications are “Theory of socio-technical transitions” and “Urban regimes and niches”. The two most cited topics, “Theory of socio-technical transitions” and “Geography and diffusion of eco-innovations”, showed a rising share over time, while the share of topic “Finance, investment and growth” declined. We further assess the geographical coverage of topics, through affiliations of the corresponding authors. The resulting map indicates dominant topics for the 34 countries that contributed to publications in EIST.

In recent years, among many concepts concerning space, concepts such as city, town or village fall short to account for what had been taken granted before. Lately, researchers have begun to question concepts based on discrete semantics such as urban-rural, city-countryside dichotomies too. The search for new concepts and definitions has led to handling of spatial processes such as urbanization that also include the rural. These developments inevitably have paved the way to new territoriality, which merged small units and absorbed surrounding villages and rural areas to form larger ones. A wave of legislative changes has expanded jurisdictions of metropolitan municipalities to regions. For example, in 2004 and later in 2012, regulations concerning local administrations in Turkey extended metropolitan municipality jurisdictions to rural areas in stages. However, institutional background and organization of municipalities that traditionally gauged to serve urban areas were not fit for rural areas and villages that were self-governed entities in spatial organization of administration. Therefore, territorial and jurisdiction expansion is challenging for metropolitan municipalities, in terms of institutional and organizational capacity. Accordingly, we focus on strategies, policies and projects deployed by Izmir (Turkey) Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) in the rural areas to show how the ‘new’ challenges of a metropolitan municipality have been met after the legislative regulations of the 2000s in Turkey. Following this thread, the paper elaborates on an innovative local development model, popularly known as ‘the Izmir Model’, a generic model, which aims to strengthen the administrative, managerial and functional structure of IMM but also mobilizes local resources through partnerships and collaborations for rural capacity development.

Aim. The presented study aims to examine strategic principles for developing regional strategic priorities with allowance for the alignment of global and national interests.Tasks. The authors define the role of the alignment of interests in the development of regional strategies; determine the global interests of the United Nations (UN), the International Labour Organization, and the national interests of Russia, which should be taken into account when formulating strategic priorities for regional development.Methods. This study uses the theory and methodology of strategizing developed by academician V.L. Kvint to describe strategic principles for developing regional strategic priorities with allowance for the alignment of global and national interests. Applied research is conducted through the example of Kuzbass.Results. The conceptual framework for substantiating the strategic priorities of regional development is determined as a result of the alignment of global, national and regional interests based on relevant trends. It is shown how the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the initiative of the Global Commission on the Future of Work, national goals, and strategic objectives for the development of the Russian Federation are reflected in the strategic contours of Kuzbass development until 2035 and beyond.Conclusions. When developing strategic priorities, aligned interests of all parties — from global to personal — make it easier to achieve a positive multiplier effect, increasing the effectiveness of initiatives and satisfaction of performers. Conflicting interests may lead to opportunistic behavior, a ban on holding any events, inefficient use of rare limited resources, and loss of confidence among performers in the implementation of their initiatives. Inconsistency with global and national interests may lead to sanctions, economic and political warfare.

The article contains the author’s reflections on the scientific, theoretical and applied aspects of the modern challenges of Russia’s spatial development and the state policy responding to them, its goals and tools. The reason for the appearance of these reflections was the recent publication of a scientific and academic collective monograph on this topic, and their subject basis was an extensive range of issues analyzed in this monograph. In his reflections on the book, the author strives to identify, first of all, scientific results that are of a pioneering and debatable nature, while avoiding making categorical assessments and formulating final conclusions about complex and ambiguous judgments presented on the pages of the book. The author does not try to comment equally on all sections and aspects of a voluminous monograph, but focuses on revealing the ideological richness and meaningful depth of the peer-reviewed collective work, supporting and criticizing, developing and supplementing its most important and controversial provisions.

By considering environmental factors in the earliest stage of decision-making, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is seen as an important preventive measure to realize sustainable development. Despite a great expansion of SEA effectiveness research in the past 10 years, no study statistically reviews how frequently the evaluation criteria are adopted. The present meta-analysis considers 68 academic papers published from 2009 to 2019, with 41 articles relating to the international context and 27 relating to China. After ascertaining the number of times each criterion is mentioned, the adoption frequency is calculated and a comparison is made between the Chinese and international contexts. The result reveals that the criteria adopted in studies evaluating China's SEA largely accord with those used to evaluate international SEA. Both focus on procedural and contextual effectiveness. The distribution of substantive and normative effectiveness evaluation criteria is very similar. However, the significant differences lie in the criteria of assessment methods and communication, which are all of the drawbacks influencing SEA implementation in China. In addition, the problems of China's SEA pointed out by past scholars are statistically analyzed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:997-1006. © 2021 SETAC.

A pesar de la gran diversidad y riqueza que caracteriza a la música boliviana, la percepción general es que la industria musical boliviana es incipiente y sufre de grandes carencias que afectan su capacidad de crear y trascender dentro y fuera de sus fronteras. La falta de datos estadísticos y estudios de línea de base sobre este sector dificulta el análisis científico de su situación y la correspondiente generación de recomendaciones para potenciarlo. Mediante un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo pionero, basado en datos estadísticos e información relevante de fuentes nacionales e internacionales, el presente estudio busca ofrecer una descripción más objetiva de la situación prepandemia del profesional boliviano de la música y de la industria musical en Bolivia en su conjunto. A partir de dicho análisis, propone los lineamientos de un Plan Nacional de Música para el Desarrollo en Bolivia, instrumento de política pública valioso en un contexto en el que un número creciente de países del mundo vienen asimilado con éxito los conceptos de “economía naranja” e “industrias creativas”.

Dados do Censo Agropecuário revelam que os conhecimentos da ciência agrícola moderna não são utilizados por parcela significativa dos agricultores brasileiros. Este setor é, entretanto, responsável pelo desenvolvimento de complexos sistemas de conhecimento da natureza, da gestão dos ecossistemas e da produção de alimentos. Tal distanciamento vai além da simples questão de barreiras à adoção de novas tecnologias, situando-se no campo dos valores éticos e sociais nos quais a pesquisa científica é majoritariamente desenvolvida. O presente artigo fundamenta-se no modelo da interação entre as atividades científicas e valores (M-CV) de Hugh Lacey para argumentar que a pesquisa em Agroecologia, ao inserir-se num universo de valores distinto daquele da ciência comercialmente orientada, contribui para fortalecer os setores sociais que não têm suas perspectivas priorizadas pela ciência agrícola dominante.

In this article we address the debate on regional skills formation systems in Africa. We draw on the social ecosystems model (SEM) developed by Hodgson and Spours to analyse data from four case studies that reflect the complexities of African economies, rural and urban, formal and informal. The SEM model helps us focus on the three dimensions of a strong skills ecosystem: collaboration between a range of actors, key institutions and system leaders within the region (the horizontal); top-down policies, regulations, and funding streams that enable or constrain the regional skills ecosystem (the vertical); and the points where these two interact, often through mediation activities. In the case of the last of these three, our cases point to the importance of nurturing organisations which can provide SEM leadership, particularly in more fragile ecosystems. Yet, in none of the cases, are public vocational institutions playing the strong anchor role envisaged in the model. The significance of the paper lies in three ways it develops the SEM in relation to regional skills ecosystems. First, we problematise the notion of a facilitatory state and place it within wider national and global webs of power. Second, we insist that the local or regional is always embedded in and networked into myriad national and international levels. This requires a more complex understanding of how social skills ecosystems operate. Third, the notion of an anchor institution requires further elaboration. In most social ecosystems these institutions need to be built or strengthened and a clearer understanding is required of the processes of institutionalisation and what mechanisms make it possible to build this capacity and sustain it over time.

The article aims to compare the local tools of Ukrainian and Polish spatial policy. It includes legal solutions (with a particular emphasis on the basics of development restrictions) and problems related to their application diagnosed in the literature on the subject. Based on the analysis of the spatial management systems of both countries, the similarities and differences were determined, referring them to the international discussion and suggesting directions for further research (on the spatial management systems of Central and Eastern European countries). Ukraine and Poland were selected for analysis in terms of similarities (partially similar historical conditions, location) and differences (status of a European Union Member State, spatial planning traditions). Artykuł ma na celu porównanie lokalnych narzędzi ukraińskiej i polskiej polityki przestrzennej. Obejmuje rozwiązania prawne (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem podstaw ograniczeń rozwojowych) oraz problemy związane z ich stosowaniem zdiagnozowane w literaturze przedmiotu. Na podstawie analizy systemów zagospodarowania przestrzennego obu krajów określono podobieństwa i różnice, odnosząc je do dyskusji międzynarodowej i sugerując kierunki dalszych badań (o systemach zagospodarowania przestrzennego krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej). Do analizy wybrano Ukrainę i Polskę pod względem podobieństw (częściowo podobne uwarunkowania historyczne, położenie) i różnic (status członka Unii Europejskiej, tradycje planowania przestrzennego).

PurposeCross Cultural and Strategic Management (CCSM) began publication in 1994 and completed its 27th year in 2020. The purpose of this study is to provide a bibliometric analysis of CCSM during the period between 1994 and 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a variety of bibliometric tools including performance analysis, authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling, keyword co-occurrence and regression analysis to present the retrospect of CCSM.FindingsCCSM's publication and citations continue to enjoy consistent growth throughout the years. While most contributions originate in the United States, the diversity of both research and the researchers themselves continues to grow. Over the period, the emphasis has been on quantitative research design. Archival data have been the most preferred data source, and content analysis the most used data analysis method, although its use has somewhat declined over the years. Major recurring themes in the journal include cultural barriers, concept of culture, national culture, culture and organizational practices, and expatriate employees. Important drivers of citations are also identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s contributions are twofold. First, the authors’ comprehensive bibliometric analysis of published research in CCSM helps uncover its underlying intellectual structure and the evolution of its research themes over time. Awareness of these patterns and major themes should help future CCSM scholars to better situate their studies within the extant body of knowledge. Second, the authors’ analysis should also aid in shaping future editorial strategies for CCSM as it continues to compete with other similar journals in the fields of international business, international management and strategy.Originality/valueCCSM earned its reputation for quality, and as a result is currently one of the leading journals in its field. Therefore, by closely examining its underlying knowledge structure, the authors provide a more complete understanding of the intellectual progress made to date in CCSM, while also shedding light on its future.

A large majority of citizens supports the German transition toward clean energy production (Energiewende). Yet, the Energiewende involves a large suite of aspects that determine the support. The social sustainability barometer provides a comprehensive data base on a large variety of questions related to the Energiewende that was collected in three survey waves spanning from 2017 to 2019 among more than 6000 household heads.

The objective of this article is to present three groups of analysis in urban mobility studies, their relationship with the use of ICT and how the findings promote urban sustainability. 40 documents in the Scopus database were systematically reviewed. The research methodology used was mixed, where methods of qualitative analysis and bibliometric analysis were combined with the Vantage Point software. The results made it possible to establish which projects are at the forefront of the study of urban mobility. This article will contribute to future research and could be useful for discussions on public policy on urban mobility.

In this paper, the survey conducted by the government aimed at collecting fundamental statistics on housing is referred to as the “national housing statistics survey.” The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the discussions on the national housing statistics survey in Japan and how these discussions were linked to the actual survey. Previous studies have recognized two surveys in 1941, the “Housing Survey of Industrial Cities” and the “Housing Survey of Larger Cities” as the first national housing statistical surveys in Japan, and revealed the background to how both surveys were conducted. In contrast, this paper also focused on the discussions that ensued between the 1920s and 1930s, and discovered that discussions on obtaining national housing statistics began in 1923, and Japanese researchers intended to include housing‐related items in the 1930 National Census. However, its implementation was incomplete owing to a lack of funds, and only the number of rooms was investigated. The results of the discussions up to 1930 were reflected in the discussions around 1940, and two surveys with many items were conducted to understand the actual detailed conditions of the houses existing in the “industrial cities” and “larger cities” where munitions industries were concentrated.

Cities around the world are playing an increasingly active role in global climate governance. Considering their share in global emissions on the one hand, and the direct threats they face from climate-related disasters on the other, urban communities are at the forefront of mitigation and adaptation actions. While cities generally implement such actions as part of their State’s international climate commitments, they sometimes go beyond, or even against the nationally adopted policy stance. This article explores the evolving normative role of cities in relation to climate change, considering how they can contribute, both to the development of new rules of international law, and to the implementation of existing norms for climate action at the domestic level. Based on an analysis of current developments and concrete examples, the article reflects on the potentialities and constraints of cities as “normative global climate actors”.

The article examines the mechanism of functioning of the Chinese-Belarusian industrial park “Veliky kamen”. The conclusion is made about the expediency of further development of the park as a center of innovative, regional growth and increasing the international competitiveness of the Belarusian economy. A review of theories and concepts that form the theoretical foundations of improving the park model is carried out. Among them: the theory of polarized development, international competitiveness, regional innovation systems, the concept of realizing the spatial advantages of economic activity (agglomeration, urban governance). The policy of further development of the park in the following areas has been substantiated: the formation of an innovative environment for residents; formation of a cluster model; increasing the international competitiveness of the park through the use of management innovations, expanding service services, including using digital technologies, implementing the effects of agglomeration when creating a satellite city on the basis of the park.

PurposeIn recent years, one of the most important and active research areas has been local food. This study aims to examine the evolution and trends of local food research in several disciplines or fields in the 50 years, highlighting emerging research themes, collaborations such as authors, institutions, journals and co-citations such as documents, authors and journals.Design/methodology/approachA total of 869 local food-related articles from the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1970 to 2020 were analyzed by several bibliometric analyses using CiteSpace II software.FindingsThe findings indicate that the number of studies in the local food field has increased rapidly and it is an interdisciplinary subject. Moreover, the results indicate that there is partly collaboration among authors, institutions or countries that conduct research on local food. For example, the most productive authors in this field are in USA, India, Brazil and European countries. Another remarkable result of this study is that tourism and hospitality discipline has focused on local food subject, especially in the last five years.Originality/valueThis is one of the first attempts by using network analysis to directly understand and visualize the interrelated structures of the local food research. Furthermore, the results of this study may provide researchers a reference guide to better evaluate and monitor local food research.

In 1982, President Ronald Reagan issued Executive Order 12372, revoking a relatively obscure publication issued by the Office of Management and Budget in 1969, Circular No. A-95. One of many policy changes that were part of a broad effort to rebalance how power was shared between the federal government, the states, and municipalities, Reagan’s pen stroke ended what for many planners had been a critical piece of urban policy during the 1970s. Part of President Lyndon Johnson’s 1960s Great Society programs, an era when federal assistance to state and local governments in support of domestic policy increased significantly, A-95 had established a coordination and review process that local governments receiving federal funding for planning development projects would be required to follow. The program was designed to force local governments to engage in more comprehensive regional coordination. For the next 12 years, almost every planner across the country, at some point or another, worked within the A-95 process. But researchers who examined A-95 during its short life struggled to produce solid evidence of its effectiveness. Absent a clear metric of the program’s success or failure, the history and legacy of the A-95 program has since been largely neglected. This paper explores the history of Circular A-95, a booklet issued by the US Office of Management and Budget to guide the implementation of the Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1968. We argue that the rules contained in the A-95 circular should be understood as an effort to create a framework for regional planning. Using primary documents and secondary literature, we conclude that the program deserves to be re-read as an important attempt to use federal power to establish a pragmatic national planning policy in the United States in the latter half of the 20th century.

No Abstract

Purpose: to consider the general state of the regions from the point of view of socio-economic imbalances in interregional development. Analyze the organizational and legal principles of strategic planning of agglomerations and non-agglomeration territories in the context of integrated development. Discussion: the typology of regions from the position of unevenness of spatial-territorial dynamics is considered. New approaches and principles have been identified to the formation of mechanisms for regional management of the integrated development of territories in the context of the growth of agglomerations. Results: аnalysis of the basic principles of strategic planning and targets of regional socio-economic policies aimed at overcoming disparities in the development of different types of regions was carried out.

With the globalization development, the competition of higher education internationalization is intensifying in major countries with numbers of policies and changes emerge one after another. In order to explore the role of policies in the development of internationalization of higher education, this paper combines systematic policy-related documents review and case study to make a comparative analysis of the development process as well as the policies of internationalization of higher education in between China and the United States. It sorts out that the general development strategies which including policies for attracting overseas students, study abroad on public assignment, exchange projects of teachers and scientific researchers and the development of joint higher education programs. It also points out that the internationalization of higher education has become an important means of public and cultural diplomacy of large countries and an important way for countries to explode cultural exchanges, enhance the comprehensive strength of the country and continuously improve on its’ national level strategies.

Introduction. The article analyzes the subject-thematic content of modern scientific domestic and foreign works, the field of study of which is religion in countries and regions. The article deals with theoretical issues related to an integrated approach to regional studies in the development and functioning of the confessional space. Methods and materials. Statistical methods of data processing were applied, as well as the visualization of statistical data reflecting the functioning of the structural elements of the geo-confessional space. Analysis. Based on the specifics of the subject area, it is proposed to identify such thematic areas: historical-cultural, spatial (chorological), political-legal, socio-economic. A brief description of each of the designated areas is given. Within the framework of the spatial direction, the essence of two approaches is separately reflected: the institutionalterritorial and the religious-landscape. The necessity of using the scientific and factual basis of each of the selected areas for conducting a comprehensive study of the confessional space is indicated. Attention is paid to the use of scientific tools in comprehensive regional-confessional studies. Results. The importance of expanding the range of mathematical and statistical methods adopted in regional studies is indicated, since the results of calculating the coefficients of unevenness, advantages, etc. are the evidence base for identifying regional differences in the placement of religious infrastructure, etc. and can be applied in scientific works in all regional and confessional areas. For clarity, the provisions presented in the article are illustrated with examples related to elements of the confessional space of different regions and countries. The most promising for further development in the field of regional-confessional research, as the least studied, the authors call the political-legal and socio-economic directions, while maintaining the importance of historical and cultural as well as spatial in the meaning of independent research, and as a basis for a comprehensive one.

In its early days, the geodata and mapping project OpenStreetMap (OSM) was widely celebrated for opening up and “democratizing” the production of geographic knowledge. However, critical research highlights that the new socio-technical practices of collaborative mapping often also produce or reproduce patterns of exclusion, not least in the area of relative data density between the Global South and North. These findings notwithstanding, we consider it important to acknowledge the increasing number of contributions of geodata from regions outside the old European core of OSM. This expansion of geodata production in OSM is related to a diversification of OSM actors and socio-technical practices. While OSM has often been described as a crowd-based project bringing together thousands of individual craft mappers, our analysis of OSM metadata indicates new institutional actors are gaining relevance. These developments have not only resulted in new collaborations but also conflicts between local mapping communities and institutional actors. We interpret these processes in two ways. First, the expansion of mapping activities can be viewed as a decolonizing process, whereby quantitative differences in data density between the Global North and South are partly reduced and new groups of local mappers are empowered to produce geographic knowledge. Second, these new developments can also be understood as colonizing processes. The engagement of large commercial actors in OSM raises concerns that the project (and its local mappers) could be used as a new means of data extraction and that in particular new and diverse voices in the OSM community are marginalized by a fixation on economically exploitable, modernistic and universalistic epistemologies. However, this supposedly clear distinction should not obscure the fact that colonizing and decolonizing processes intertwine in complex ways.

The ranking of the hierarchy and grouping of World Powers is not based exclusively on material indicators such as economics, natural resources, territorial extension, population size and military resources. It is necessary to consider the stage in which the transformational process of the post-Cold War International System is, the position in which a power stands, and general and specific historical trends. The present article proposes a classification that identifies the existence of four axes of world power: 1) the Anglo-Saxon military-rentier; 2) the semi-sovereign industriallydeveloped; 3) the semi-peripheral industrially-emergent; and 4) the agrarian, mineral and demographic peripheral., A classificação da hierarquia e agrupamento das potências mundiais não se baseia, exclusivamente, em indicadores materiais como economia, recursos naturais, extensão territorial, dimensão populacional e recursos militares. É necessário considerar o estágio em que se encontra a transformação do sistema internacional pós-Guerra Fria, a posição que uma potência ocupa no mesmo e as tendências históricas gerais e específicas. O presente artigo propõem uma classificação que identifica a existência de quatro eixos de poder mundial: 1) o militar-rentista anglo-saxão, 2) o industrial desenvolvido semi-soberano, 3) o industrial emergente semiperiférico e, 4) o agrário, mineral e demográfico periférico.

Over the last 30 years, Bulgaria has been undergoing reforms aimed at making the transition to a market economy and strong regional development. This article is devoted to problems with the organization of the territory in Bulgaria as one of the important elements of the regional policy. The exhibition is an attempt to bring out the problematic aspects of spatial planning and possible policies for regional development. Mechanisms and methods have been proposed to more clearly define the problems of regional development and to promote development policies. Territorial tendencies and processes are derived.

The flows of international students are like the currents of the oceans, not only affecting the individuals adrift in them but the global circulation of policy, economics and academics as a whole, bearing pros and cons for each country or region along the way. To date, there has not been a detailed and elaborate description of the fluxes of international students over decades. In light of the research gap, the article utilises the chord diagram to draw threads between each pair of origin and destination of international students in the last 20 years and divides the periods into four main phases. With each phase exhibiting its specific features, we have tentatively concluded that the global student mobility structure has evolved from Arterial (1999–2003), Breakthrough (2004–2008) to Catch-Up (2009–2013), and lastly, Diversification (2014–2018). Corresponding reasons underpinning each change of the migration flows are also discussed briefly in the article.

The article covers the basics of education in Uzbekistan and France, the study of French in Uzbekistan, inter-university issues, scientific news, the dynamics of Uzbek requirements for education in France, public education and preschool education. perspective relations The analysis ofopinions and comments on the rise of relations in the field of education to a new era was carried out.IndexTerms:education, cooperation, French Alliance, dynamics, research, IFEAC, private sector, agreement, tourism, free education, staff exchange, intellectual potential, international experience in teaching

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the diversified existing literature on tourism and carbon emissions using bibliometric analysis to churn down the multiple studies under one paper, which not only provides insights into the evolution and progress of the research area but also sets the future research agenda. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted the Scientometrics review methodology based on the bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric analysis is conducted through the following techniques, namely, citation analysis, thematic mapping, country collaboration, co-citation analysis and co-occurrence of keywords with the help of R-based bibliometrix and visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer open-source software. Findings The study identified the most prominent authors, studies, journals, affiliations and countries in the field of sustainable tourism, as well as the most co-cited authors and journals, based on a bibliometric analysis of 398 research papers retrieved from the Scopus database during the past three decades (1990–2021). Moreover, some of the relevant themes identified by the authors are energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of the tourism sector, economic impacts of tourism and CO2 emissions and CO2 emissions and carbon tax. Originality/value The outcome of the selected studies is a unique contribution to the field of sustainable tourism as it is one of the first known studies to review tourism and carbon emissions. It provides in-depth bibliometric analysis of articles and identification of the important research trends.

The state and prospects of scientific and educational cooperation between Russia and Vietnam are considered. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that in the context of the development of new technologies and scientific and technological progress, education becomes strategically important. The purpose of the article is to investigate the state of cooperation between Russia and Vietnam in the field of education and science; study the main trends in this area; determine the prospects for the development of this area of study.

The last decades are recognized as a period when a gender-sensitive perspective being broadly acknowledged by the majority of actors involved in the field of climate change. Existing gender inequal...

Integration associations in the modern world. Depending on the foreign economic and foreign policy priorities of the country, its status in the integration associations is designated. In the course of writing this article, based on empirical and theoretical research methods, it was possible to determine the difference between the types of participation of countries in international organizations, highlight the main reasons for countries to obtain observer status with the Eurasian Economic Union, and also analyze the prospects for expanding the integration association.

The article considers the possibility of using the concept of marketing territories as a tool and theoretical and methodological basis for finding internal sources of funding for citizens. Possibilities of application of its mechanisms and technologies, in partic-ular a two-component complex of marketing mix, for increase of competitiveness of territories are considered. The main goal is to create favorable conditions for the formation of the business environment and improve living standards. Given the functional features of territorial marketing, it is advisable to present it in two submixes, commodity-contractual and communicative. Within the framework of the first, a product offer is created and implemented, the conditions for purchasing services by the local popu-lation, business representatives, consumers of tourist and recreational resources are agreed upon. An important indicator is the price of services - the total cost of all consumers. The calculation of average costs should be carried out in order to calculate the integrated indicator of the level of living comfort and welfare of the population. A component of the indicator should be the value of the territory for the population, investors, visitors, tourists, which is established by expert methods of policy surveys, it is neces-sary to pay attention to the search for unique services with expectations, unique characteristics. In the course of the research, the values and advantages of the clients-consumers of tourist and recreational services and the values of business representatives were established and ranked. It was concluded that a special place in the communicative submix is occupied by the brand man-agement of the territory, which is carried out by the efforts of local authorities and the business community in order to increase the attractiveness of the territory. It is concluded that marketing activity creates and maintains the image and prestige of the territory in the external environment, convinces potential consumers of its attractiveness. As a result of research, it was found that the use of the concept of territorial marketing will increase the efficiency of regional governance and competitiveness of the regions of Ukraine. However, its use is appropriate only if it is possible to find and convey to the consumer the unique value characteristics of the territory. The determining factor in implementing the concept is to create conditions for business and social activity, private initiative and a favorable business climate.Keywords: regional marketing concept, territory competitiveness, marketing complex, based consumer values, territory ser-vices, territory brand. У статті розглядається можливість використання концепції територіального маркетингу, як підходу до управління регіональним розвитком і створення сприятливих умов для формування бізнес-середовища. Узагальнено поняття територіального маркетингу і конкретизовано його мета-стимулювання розвитку природно-екологічного, туристичного та рекреаційного потенціалу територій. Зроблено аналізування існуючих підходів до формування інструментарію маркетингу і запропонований його адаптований комплекс у вигляді двох субміксів. Були встановлені і ранжовані цінності і переваги споживачів туристично-рекреаційних послуг та представників бізнесу. Обґрунтовано доцільність визначення інтегрального показника рівня комфорту проживання на території для рейтингової оцінки привабливості регіону. Безумовно, що умовою успішної реалізації концепції територіального маркетингу є створення умов для розвитку соціальної активності, формування сприятливого ділового клімату. Практичне завдання отриманих результатів полягає в тому, що положення статті можуть бути використані в практичній діяльності об'єднаних територіальних громад. Визначальною умовою реалізації концепції є створення умов для розвитку ділової і соціальної активності, формування приватної ініціативи, сприятливого ділового клімату, донесення до споживача унікальних ціннісних характеристик території. Ключові слова: концепція регіонального маркетингу, конкурентоспроможність територій, комплекс маркетингу, основи цінності споживачів, послуги територій, бренд території.

Studies focusing on China and Russia, whose relationship is of key importance to the configuration of the international system, have been evolving dynamically in various disciplines. We analyze the evolution of this research by focusing on the fields of International Relations and Area Studies. This novel bibliometric study employs Biblioshiny, AntConc, and VOSviewer to analyze 947 publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection, focusing specifically on 266 publications in International Relations and Area Studies. While mapping research on China and Russia over the last three decades (1990–2019), we identify the main trends regarding the annual distribution of papers, document types, dominant journals, collaboration networks between countries, and the most productive authors. We also establish prevailing research themes resulting from keyword analysis and their respective growth over time, as well as the density of the most frequently used terms and methods employed in the selected research fields. Finally, we identify fruitful avenues for further research, while also demonstrating how the bibliometric approach can inform and direct developments on China and Russia studies., The study was supported by the Research Center in Political Science (CICP) (UIDB/CPO/00758/2020), and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds.