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The impacts of human trafficking are currently high across the world albeit different policies are designed to combat it. Yet, governments are not working hard practically and jointly as they write strategies and programs on the paper to reduce the impacts of women trafficking. Even though men are victims of human trafficking, scholars agree that women are the most vulnerable to human trafficking. This study describes the socio-economic impacts of human trafficking among the west Asia returnee young women in Ethiopia by taking Oromia Region’s West Shewa zone as a case study. The study used the mixed-method approach. A descriptive case study research design was applied for a detailed description of the socio-economic impacts of human trafficking among west Asia returnee young women. Feminism theory was employed to scrutinize the oppression of young women. The finding reveals that human trafficking caused the divorce of marriage and exposed children to the street because of unwise savings and disagreement of spouses; psychological and physical threats of young women on the way to work, at the workplace and after return; wastage of income as a result of saving money in the wrong place; economic crisis because young women had to pay back the loan to brokers – traffickers – and could not repay the money for lenders; and school dropout. From the finding, it is concluded that although young women exposed to human trafficking by the vision of having their job in the future and the income they could generate in West Asia. They had a dream to improve their lives, they could not realize their dream since they were unable to save the money thereby leading them to social and economic crises. Hence, it is recommended that issues of human trafficking should be incorporated into the school curriculum, at least at the elementary level, so that young women get better awareness about the negative consequences of human trafficking and abstain from traffickers. It is also recommended that young women who work abroad legally should open their formal bank account to save their wages to escape social and economic crises when they return.&nbsp

Canada has engaged in a range of efforts to stop human trafficking within and across it borders. Federal and provincial governments have spent considerable funds in this regard, and have studied the issue to come up with perceived solutions. In this article, we explore Canada’s two national House of Commons standing committee consultations on trafficking, in 2006 and 2018. Using critical discourse analysis to examine the consultation transcripts and written briefs, we identified several significant shifts in both the language used and the areas of focus advanced by witnesses, in particular: the modified emphasis from international to domestic trafficking; the changing nature of vulnerability and victimhood; and an increased focus on youth sexual exploitation. We propose that what is being expressed is an iteration of Canadian sexualized nationalism and national sexual morality. These results have policy implications, especially with respect to promoting just, peaceful, and inclusive societies at a time when there are mounting pressures to restrict migration that often dovetail with concerns over human trafficking. Indeed, the way concerns over trafficking are expressed in Canada appears as a fear over women’s sexual agency and vulnerability as well as a need protect “our” boundaries from incursion, whether territorial or moral.

As ASEAN Chair in 2022, Cambodia navigated through a complex geopolitical environment, with the heightened rivalry between China and the United States, the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the Myanmar crisis. While 2022 saw the return of tourists and foreign investors, and the economic outlook looks promising for 2023, there are signs that Cambodia is still recovering from the various effects of the covid-19 pandemic. For most Cambodians, 2022 was dominated by inflationary pressures driven by higher global fuel and fertilizer prices, and economic hardships due to growing risks posed by climate change. These issues work as more or less visible tension lines, and contribute to increasing social and economic inequalities at different scales. Within this context, the Government strengthened state control and stepped up its means of oppression against its critics. Ahead of the national elections in 2023, the ruling party won the local elections in June and endorsed Prime Minister Hun Sen’s eldest son as the next prime ministerial candidate.

El artículo busca explicar, partiendo de las relaciones y algunos instrumentos internacionales, la migración venezolana a Colombia y la existencia del riesgo de la trata de personas. Se indaga por la actual situación de la migración a partir de los datos, pero además desde los instrumentos internacionales y las relaciones que se generan en el plano regional por cuenta de la cooperación y la acción conjunta en materia de ayuda humanitaria y de la prevención. La metodología utilizada combina aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos, lo cual permitió realizar la búsqueda de distinta información para analizarla desde lo crítico y lo propositivo. Aunque se reconoce la existencia de instrumentos internacionales, regionales y nacionales para abordar lo migratorio, se identifica la necesidad de una mejor y urgente implementación, comprendiendo, de manera permanente, a la trata de personas como una vulneración de derechos humanos, así como determinando acciones en el campo de la prevención que estén articuladas y proyectadas tanto en el mediano como en el largo plazo, superando el corto tiempo. El artículo contiene cuatro partes; en la primera se mencionan las relaciones internacionales y algunos instrumentos internacionales sobre delincuencia organizada, trata de personas y migraciones; en la segunda se abordan generalidades de la historia migratoria entre Colombia y Venezuela, profundizando en los últimos años; en la tercera, se presenta la migración venezolana hacia Colombia y la trata de personas, analizando las realidades, algunos aspectos del engranaje institucional, las acciones así como ciertos datos y, por último, se encontrará la conclusión y ciertas recomendaciones. The article seeks to explain - based on relations and some international instruments - Venezuelan migration to Colombia, and the existence of risks to human trafficking of people. It aims to address the current situation of migration between Venezuela and Colombia based on data, but also based on international instruments and the relationships that are generated at the regional level on account of cooperation and joint action in the field of humanitarian aid and prevention. The methodology used combines qualitative and quantitative aspects, which include researching different information to analyze from a critical and purposeful viewpoint. While recognizing the existence of international, regional and national instruments to address migration, the need for better and urgent implementation, permanently understanding trafficking in persons as a violation of human rights, as well as identifying actions in the field of prevention that are articulated and projected both in the short and long term. The article is organized in four sections, the first of which mentions international relations and some international instruments relating to organized crime, trafficking in persons and migration; the second addresses generalities of the migratory history between Colombia and Venezuela, delving into the latest Venezuelan migrations to Colombia. In the third section, Venezuelan migration to Colombia and human trafficking are presented, analyzing the realities, some aspects of the institutional structures, and the actions as well as certain data. Finally, the conclusion and recommendations are developed from the perspective of possibilities for articulation and recommended actions to implement.

The greatest hurdle to an effective criminal justice response to human trafficking is the prevalence of myths about how exploitation happens and who ‘counts’ as a genuine victim. This includes the myth that, to be a genuine victim, an individual must have been subject to some form of physical restraint. Previous work has demonstrated how this myth undermines trafficking prosecutions in various jurisdictions. It has demonstrated that, in the absence of physical restraint during their exploitation, victims are deemed to lack credibility. However, what is missing in the current body literature is a robust analysis of whether something should be done to address this issue. By engaging with the foundational principle of accurate fact-finding, this article argues that some form of regulation of cross-examination in the English and Welsh jurisdiction, with a view to preventing this myth from manifesting in trials, would be justified.

Although anyone can become a victim, commercial exploitation and human trafficking disproportionately affect women, girls, and communities of color within the United States. Despite its prevalence, misinformation and a widespread lack of understanding on this issue create barriers to identifying and supporting trafficking victims. School staff are critically positioned to both identify and support the needs of trafficked youth. This article offers a fact-based case example of human trafficking in a small town in New York State, including one principal’s challenges and opportunities in addressing human trafficking in her school. Programming and practice frameworks that utilize trauma-informed care, cultural and linguistic responsiveness, and human rights approaches are offered as strategies for engagement with this topic.

У статті висвітлено сучасний досвід підготовки персоналу мобільних підрозділів країн ЄС та США та запропоновано використання передового досвіду для покращення професійної підготовки персоналу мобільних підрозділів Державної прикордонної служби України. Встановлено, що структура мобільних прикордонних підрозділів США представлена загоном спеціальних операцій Прикордонного патруля США із трьома основними підрозділами: BORTAC, BORSTAR, MRT. У країнах ЄС запроваджено прикордонні групи швидкого реагування під егідою агенції Фронтекс. Ці групи об’єднують спеціально навчених експертів з держав-членів ЄС, які тимчасово перебувають у резерві для швидкої оперативної допомоги з питань охорони зовнішнього кордону ЄС. Спільними рисами організації професійної підготовки фахівців мобільних підрозділів США та країн ЄС є інтегративність, прагнення розвивати інтероперабельність персоналу. Виявлено, що система підготовки персоналу мобільних підрозділів США та ЄС відповідає нормам, прийнятим у прикордонних відомствах провідних країн світу, що забезпечує ефективне виконання персоналом обов’язків за посадою на високому професійному рівні.

Bride Trafficking is a long-standing evil in society that can be classified as a crime against humanity because it violates the rights, dignity and the liberty of the victims involved. Bride Trafficking is so deep rooted in society that providing accurate figures is extremely difficult since it is often impossible to track down and trace individual incidents of Bride Trafficking. According to the author, who has conducted a case study with fifty women from the State of Haryana, inter-country trafficking for the purpose of marriage is widespread in India. Trafficked women are subjected to a slew of atrocities, including being raped in transit and then raped by their husbands and other male family members. Apart from that, they face domestic violence, are treated worse than slaves and are frequently trafficked multiple times. Poverty, female foeticide, female infanticide, illiteracy, dowry and other factors can all contribute to trafficking. In this paper, the author will discuss Bride Trafficking in general, the reasons for it, the human rights violations that these trafficked brides face and the potential solutions to this illicit trade.

Soguk Savas sonrasinda, aclik, esitsizlik, issizlik, goc, cevresel bozulma, terorizm, insan kacakciligi, etnik catisma, iklim degisikligi ve salgin hastaliklar gibi askeri olmayan tehditleri iceren yeni bir guvenlik anlayisi ortaya cikmistir. Insan guvenligine yonelik bu tehditler dunya nufusu ve ekonomisi uzerinde dogrudan ve ciddi etkilere sahip krizler yaratmaktadir. Bu krizlerin en yenisi 2019 yilinin sonunda Cin'de ortaya cikan ve sonuclari hala tam olarak netlesmeyen COVID-19 salginidir. Yasanilan bu kriz dunya uzerindeki baska krizlerle de kesismektedir. Mevcut calisma bu kesisen krizlere ornek olarak COVID-19 salgini ve iklim degisikligine odaklanmaktadir. Iki krizin benzesen ve farklilasan yonlerini ve aralarindaki etkilesimi ele alan calismada COVID-19 krizi sirasinda gelistirilen politikalarin iklim degisikligi ile mucadeleyi nasil etkileyecegi de sorgulanacaktir. Calisma kesisen krizlerin kuresel olcekte dengeyi bozdugunu ve bu krizlere verilen cevaplarin birbirleriyle baglantili oldugunu savunmaktadir. Bu baglamda calismada salginla mucadelede verilecek yanitlarin onumuzdeki donemin iklim politikalarini sekillendirecegi ve yeni bir kuresel davranis bicimi gelistirebilecegi sonucuna varilmistir.Alternate :After the Cold War, a new understanding about security that includes non-military threats such as hunger, inequality, unemployment, migration, environmental degradation, terrorism, human trafficking, ethnic conflict, climate change, and epidemics has emerged. These new threats for human security create crises that have direct and serious effects on the world population and economy. The most imminent of these crises is the current COVID-19 epidemic that emerged in China at the end of 2019 and whose consequences are still not fully clear. This crisis intersects with other crises in the world. This research focuses on the COVID-19 epidemic and climate change as an example of intersecting crises. Addressing the similar and differentiating aspects of these two crises and the interaction between them, the study seeks an answer to the question of how the new policies developed during the COVID-19 crisis are going to impact the combat against climate change. The study argues that intersecting crises disturb the balance on a global scale and the responses to these crises are interconnected. In this context, it is concluded that the answers that will be given in the fight against the epidemic will shape the climate policies of the upcoming period.

Organised crime, including human traffi cking, is one of the most serious crimes against persons and violations of human rights. Human trafficking is a complex illegal business and, in most cases, involves activities undertaken by international organised crime gangs. Human traffi cking combines aspects of human life in terms of limitating freedom to enjoy it. This publication intends to standardise the existing theories and defi nitions and to collect and systematise the knowledge of the experience of the Police Academy in Szczytno in training law enforcement services involved in preventing and combatting human traffi cking. The study presents a number of activities undertaken since 2006 by the Academy, whose aim has been to provide training for the relevant services responsible for combatting transnational organised crime, and for preventing and combatting human traffi cking.

This paper explores the scourge of human trafficking in South Africa and Zimbabwe- two neighboring Southern African nations. Data for this study were obtained from research articles, documents and online articles on trafficking in persons. The paper highlights the trends, push/pull factors, the control, as well as the obstacles to effective control of human trafficking within the two countries. The paper reveals that South Africa is characterized by pull factors, largely due to its position as the economic powerhouse of Southern Africa. Conversely, human trafficking in Zimbabwe is mainly spurred by push factors emanating from acute socio-economic problems. Despite significant efforts in the control of trafficking in persons through legislation and enforcement, loopholes in the trafficking in persons legislation within the two nations, as well as persistent economic challenges in Zimbabwe, are impeding the effective control of human trafficking.

It is well acknowledged that persons who have experienced human trafficking and persons at risk for victimization often present for health care services. It is also extensively documented in scient...

The international community has been called upon to ramp up efforts to end statelessness and provided with a guiding framework of 10 Actions. This dossier presents the practical consequences of expulsion, both direct and indirect outcomes of collective violence, directed towards the Rohingyas. Touching upon the nexus between children's rights, human trafficking, and practical challenges associated on-the-ground, the dossier also discusses the imperative need for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) states—collectively as a region—to take steps in fulfilling Action 7 of the Global Action Plan through the birth registration of Rohingya children as part of their existing efforts in order to enhance the protection of refugee children.

The article presents a criminological and forensic analysis of selected forms of contemporary organized crime in Poland, with particular emphasis on criminal terror, human trafficking, car crime, money laundering and cross-border crime. The study indicates the most important methods used by offenders in the analyzed areas from the perspective of criminology and forensics. The article aims at presenting the phenomenology (also known as symptomatology) of organized crime, including the dynamics and structure of crime in general, the methods of committing particular crimes and some elements of how the criminal world is organized. The author also points to the etiology of the characterized criminal activities. Among others, the reports on the activities of the Central Police Investigation Bureau have been used during the research. As a result of the analysis, several remarks have been formulated. First of all, the character of the presented forms of organized crime in Poland changes with time. Secondly, groups that demonstrate strictly criminal activities are still present in the public space. Thirdly, crime becomes more interdisciplinary and the criminal groups enter new areas of criminal activities. The article may form a contribution to further research in this area, including especially the development of effective mechanisms for the prevention of organized crime.

El presente trabajo aborda la definición del execrable problema de la trata de seres humanos. Comienza con el análisis del concepto de trata de seres humanos y sus elementos a través de la normativa internacional y europea del siglo XXI. A continuación, aborda las similitudes, diferencias y conexiones con el tráfico de personas. Además, se revisan los problemas para su medición y los datos que, en diversos ámbitos, se manejan para observar su evolución. Por último, se apuntan los cambios y retos que la era digital, y, también, la pandemia de COVID-19 plantean a la respuesta y lucha contra la trata de seres humanos.

The article presents the author’s results of theoretical and empirical analyzes of challenges in combating human trafficking in Ukraine. Theoretical analysis showed that human trafficking is an interdisciplinary problem and is represented by a number of studies by scientists in various scientific fields in the domestic and foreign scientific space. It has been established that currently there is no research on new challenges in combating human trafficking in Ukraine. Empirical analysis of new challenges in combating trafficking in human beings in Ukraine was carried out through the implementation of a polygon study and interpretation of the results. The obtained data outline new challenges in the problem of combating human trafficking in Ukraine, such as: use for selfish purposes, forced donation, trade in biological/genetic material, reproductive programs/surrogacy. The results suggest that the new challenges in combating human trafficking in Ukraine are a real platform for transnational crime. It was stated that such circumstances require strengthening of international cooperation in combating transnational human trafficking, legal regulation and improving the domestic legal framework with systematic and full informing of Ukrainian people about consequences and new challenges in combating human trafficking.

The present study uses a qualitative approach to explore how Portuguese police perceive human trafficking and the individuals involved. Three hundred and twenty-five professionals (aged 21–54) completed an online survey about human trafficking. The resulting data suggest that Portuguese police have a narrative congruent with the European image of the “iconic” victim and trafficker, which is usually framed by the mass media. In a country such as Portugal, where there are a significant number of labor trafficking cases, those stereotyped narratives may narrow the efforts and the interventions of police officers. However, this study also suggests a similarity between the data reported about the forms of recruitment, exploitation, and control recognized by the Portuguese police and the literature available. This study has important implications for practitioners and highlights the need to invest in empirical research to produce efficient policies and interventions.

Human trafficking, also known as modern-day slavery, is a public health crisis and a growing worldwide crime exploiting approximately 40.3 million victims. A decade ago approximately 79% of human trafficking crimes were related to sexual exploitation and 18% were related to forced labor, but more recent reports show approximately 50% and 38%, respectively. Although sexual exploitation continues to make up the majority of human trafficking crimes, forced labor continues to grow at an alarming rate. The purpose of this paper is 2-fold. First, to empower healthcare providers and community volunteers serving potential victims of human trafficking in traditional and nontraditional settings with human trafficking identification training. This education should include the use of a validated human trafficking screening tool and the timely provision of resources. Second, to guide professional nurses in the holistic approach to caring for potential victims of human trafficking. The core values of holistic nursing practice and Watson's Theory of Human Caring are the pillars guiding mindful and authentic nursing care. Merging evidence-based practice with holistic care will boost victim identification and rescue.

Purpose Reintegration programs have emerged as part of the regimes of care for survivors of human trafficking. However, empirical analysis of the reintegration outcomes for survivors remains limited in the African context. Hence, this paper aims to examine the challenges and opportunities of reintegration assistance programs for survivors of human trafficking in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with repatriated women who have accessed reintegration assistance in Nigeria, and data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings The findings suggest that while the reintegration programs might address the procedural aspect of reintegration, the achievement of substantive reintegration remains incomplete. This is because of the structural conditions of the context within which reintegration is supposed to occur. Practical implications There is a need to take seriously the distinction between the reintegration of survivors into a new community or a former community in the design of a regime of care for survivors of human trafficking in Africa. Crucially, the focus on procedural reintegration should not also divert attention away from the structural conditions and reforms needed to ensure survivors achieve substantive reintegration. Originality/value This paper contributes to the limited literature on life after trafficking and demonstrates the strengths and limitations of reintegration programs as a regime of care for survivors of human trafficking. In addition, this study empirically grounded the theoretical distinction between different aspects of the process of reintegration.

The QAnon conspiracy threatens anti-trafficking education because of its broad dissemination and focus on a range of myths about trafficking. These myths are rooted in historic and ongoing misinformation about abductions, exploitation, and community threats. This article examines the extent of QAnon’s co-optation of human trafficking discourses and evaluates its connection to trafficking myths, particularly related to gender, race, class, and agency. From this perspective, the article considers how anti-trafficking education can respond to these myths and build a pedagogy in the age of Q.

Awareness of human trafficking is increasing. This thesis aims to deepen our understanding of why traffickers prefer some countries over others as destination countries for their victims. Existing studies tend to neglect two elements when researching international human trafficking: factors that appeal to traffickers themselves and the significance of the country’s role in the international network as a destination country (rather than a source or transit country). In this thesis, I demonstrate that drug trafficking flows, legalized prostitution, and higher levels of corruption will appeal to traffickers and make countries more likely to be destination countries. I test this using data on human trafficking flows for 83 countries from 2006 to 2010 and find evidence of drug trafficking’s impact, mixed support for my hypothesis concerning prostitution, and limited support for my hypothesis concerning corruption. These findings have important implications for those attempting to combat international human trafficking.

This article aims to explore the connection between humanitarian emergencies and human trafficking by conducting a narrative review of secondary sources. The search strategy for this narrative review included a number of relevant key terms. As humanitarian emergencies are likely to occur in the future, this paper investigates studies about conflict, disease outbreak, and natural disasters to provide further insight on the relationship between humanitarian emergencies and human trafficking.

Drawing on a study undertaken across eight Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries in 2019, this article focuses on the persistence of investment in criminal justice infrastructure and mechanisms 20 years after the Palermo Protocol came into effect. We examine the enduring challenges and limitations around counter trafficking responses that remain removed from the lived realities of women migrant workers. Building on qualitative interviews with stakeholders and women migrant workers, we argue that women's protection from migration and labor exploitation and gendered violence remains elusive. This study highlights how counter-trafficking systems undermine women's safety and argues for a move away from siloed trafficking efforts, toward a much broader commitment to upholding women migrant workers’ rights and protection.

The issue of human trafficking has received considerable attention in recent years. Despite strong cooperation among countries on the global fight against this gross violation of human rights, differences in national anti-trafficking policy and practices undermine the efficacy of international cooperation on trafficking in persons. This paper seeks to understand determinants of national efforts devoted to the eradication of human trafficking. It argues that civil conflicts impede anti-trafficking efforts of states for their adverse effects on national governments’ abilities and resources to fight against trafficking in persons. Analyses based on data coming from 173 countries over the 2003–2015 period demonstrate that civil conflicts deteriorate anti-trafficking efforts of countries. © 2021 Taylor & Francis.

This article focuses on the exploitation of migrant labor in Tuscany, in relation to its neglect by anti-trafficking organizations. It contends that a conceptualization of human trafficking centere...

Human trafficking (HT) is a growing public and social health issue internationally. HT is a violation of human rights that needs to be fought vigorously by legal policy, law enforcement, and public health policy. People who are trafficked include men, women, and children of diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds and nationalities. Victims of HT are subject to a high prevalence of violence and mental distress and suffer multiple short-and long-term adverse medical and psychological issues resulting from being held captive, working/living in poor conditions, and having limited/no access to health care. Risks for psychiatric disorders among victims of HT can arise from multiple factors: being isolated and cut off from the outside world, physical and mental abuse perpetrated by traffickers, increased likelihood of substance use and misuse, unsafe working conditions, and lack of social support. In this article, we present the basic epidemiology of HT and its mental and physical correlates and discuss directions for future investigations. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2021;51(8):359–363.]

The emergence of social media and digital technologies has resulted in new protectionist laws, policies, and mandates aimed at regulating the sexual behaviour of women and girls in online spaces. These neoliberal responsiblization strategies are aimed at shaping good, young digital citizens and have become further amplified through increased concerns about domestic human trafficking and victim vulnerability. This protectionism, however, is not always reflected in courtroom proceedings, revealing a tension between the protection and responsiblization of victims of trafficking in Canada. Using R v Oliver-Machado (2013) as a case study, we examine the ways in which the defence counsel’s reliance on commonplace defence tactics used in sexual assault cases responsibilize the young complainants in an attempt to discredit their victimhood and reconstruct them as online sexual risk takers.

Purpose of the study. The article considers and analyzes the results of a socio-criminological study conducted on human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors substantiate the thesis about the insufficiency of existing measures to combat human trafficking, which determines the need to find the most optimal, modern and timely legislative and law enforcement tools. The paper notes that the study obtained specific results related to the study of the features of the formation and optimization of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the system of crimes related to human trafficking at the international and national levels; ideas, initiatives, proposals, and key results were developed in terms of modeling the policy of countering crimes related to human trafficking and their implementation in scientific and methodological, practical activities of human rights, law enforcement, and international organizations. Results. Within the framework of the study, the authors conclude that the main reasons for the origin of cases of human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan are poverty, limited economic opportunities for access to effective employment, education, a significant difference in the level of economic development between countries and regions within the country, the crisis of the family, family values, domestic violence, the growth of dysfunctional families, general gender inequality, alcoholism, social orphanhood, and peculiarities of mentality. Social status, low level of education, young age, and psychoemotional state are also factors that increase the chances of becoming a victim of human trafficking.

El análisis de los movimientos de población que se relacionan con los conceptos de frontera, límites y control de fronteras constituye el marco teórico de este artículo. En esta perspectiva, se exponen las políticas de control migratorio que aplica Chile cuando extranjeros solicitan cruzar las fronteras de la macrozona norte del país para radicarse enel territorio nacional. Adicionalmente, se describen las situaciones que han presentado los ingresos ilegales, por la vía de la trata de personas y el tráfico de migrantes..