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The Polarized Atomic Hydrogen Gas Jet Target polarimeter is employed by the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to measure the absolute polarization of each colliding proton beam. Polarimeter detectors and data acquisition were upgraded in 2015 to increase solid angle, energy range and energy resolution. These upgrades and advanced systematic error analysis along with improved beam intensity and polarization in RHIC runs 2015 ($E_\textrm{beam}=100\,\text{GeV}$) and 2017 ($255\,\text{GeV}$) allowed us to greatly reduce the statistical and systematic uncertainties for elastic spin asymmetries, $A_N(t)$ and $A_NN(t)$, in the Coulomb-nuclear interference momentum transfer range $0.0013, Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Polarimeters were developed to measure the polarization of the proton beam at RHIC in relative scale through the asymmetry measurement of the elastic proton-carbon scattering. Recoil carbon ions with kinetic energy of 400 ≤ E ≤ 900 keV were detected by silicon strip detectors installed at 90° with respect to the beam. The absolute polarization is given by normalizing against another polarimeter implemented at RHIC, namely a polarized hydrogen gas jet polarimeter. In this report, the details of polarization measurements, data analysis, and systematic uncertainties are discussed based on the data taken during √s = 200 GeV operation of Run05 at RHIC.

We discuss the beam polarization measurement strategy at RHIC with achieved relative precision of better than 5%.

The polarization of the proton beams [1, 2] at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)[3] RHIC ring. The H-Jet polarimeter is located at the collision point allowing measurements of absolute normalization is provided by the hydrogen polarimeter, which measures over 1 {approx} 2 another measurement rather than measuring the absolute polarization. both beams. Two identical pC-polarimeters are equipped in the yellow and blue rings, where carbon ribbon target, providing fast feedback to beam operations and experiments. The days to obtain {approx} 5% statistical uncertainty (in Run05). Thus, the operation of the carbon is measured using both an atomic beam source hydrogen gas jet (H-Jet)[4, 5] and proton-carbon polarimeters was focused on better control of relative stability between one measurement to statistical accuracy within 20 to 30 seconds using an ultra-thin (typically 6 {approx} 8 {micro}g/cm{sup 2}) the rings are separated. The pC-polarimeter measures relative polarization to a few percent.

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is designed to provide collisions of high energy polarized protons for the quest of understanding the proton spin structure. Polarized proton collisions at a beam energy of 100 GeV have been achieved in RHIC since 2001. Recently, polarized proton beam was accelerated to 250 GeV in RHIC for the first time. Unlike accelerating unpolarized protons, the challenge for achieving high energy polarized protons is to fight the various mechanisms in an accelerator that can lead to partial or total polarization loss due to the interaction of the spin vector with the magnetic fields. We report on the progress of the RHIC polarized proton program. We also present the strategies of how to preserve the polarization through the entire acceleration chain, i.e. a 200 MeV linear accelerator, the Booster, the AGS and RHIC.

The spin physics program at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) requires knowledge of the beam polarization to better than 5%. Such a goal is made the more difficult by the lack of knowledge of the analyzing power of high energy nuclear physics processes. To overcome this, a polarized hydrogen jet target was constructed and installed at one intersection region in RHIC where it intersects both beams and utilizes the precise knowledge of the jet atomic hydrogen beam polarization to measure the analyzing power in proton- proton elastic scattering in the nuclear Coulomb interference (CNI) region at the prescribed RHIC proton beam energy. The reverse reaction is used to assess the absolute beam polarization. Simultaneous measurements taken with fast high statistics polarimeters that measure the p-carbon elastic scattering process also in the CNI region use the jet results to calibrate the latter. In this presentation, the status of the polarized jet target mechanics, operation, detector systems, and data analysis results are described. The statistical accuracies as well as the systematic uncertainties will be discussed.

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory provides polarized proton beams for the investigation of the nucleon spin structure. For polarimetry, carbon-proton and proton-proton scattering is used in the Coulomb nuclear interference region at small momentum transfer ($-t$). Fast polarization measurements of each beam are carried out with carbon fiber targets at several times during an accelerator store. A polarized hydrogen gas jet target is needed for absolute normalization over multiple stores, while the target polarization is constantly monitored in a Breit-Rabi polarimeter. In 2005, the jet polarimeter has been used with both RHIC beams. We present results from the jet polarimeter including a detailed analysis of background contributions to asymmetries and to the beam polarization., 4 pages, 2 figures. to appear in the proceedings of the 17th International Spin Physics Symposium (SPIN 2006), Kyoto, Japan, 2-7 Oct. 2006

The relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) as the first high energy polarized proton collider was designed to provide polarized proton collisions at a maximum beam energy of 250 GeV. It has been providing collisions at a beam energy of 100 GeV since 2001. Equipped with two full Siberian snakes in each ring, polarization is preserved during the acceleration from injection to 100 GeV with careful control of the betatron tunes and the vertical orbit distortions. However, the intrinsic spin resonances beyond 100 GeV are about a factor of two stronger than those below 100 GeV making it important to examine the impact of these strong intrinsic spin resonances on polarization survival and the tolerance for vertical orbit distortions. Polarized protons were accelerated to the record energy of 250 GeV in RHIC with a polarization of 46% measured at top energy in 2006. The polarization measurement as a function of beam energy also shows some polarization loss around 136 GeV, the first strong intrinsic resonance above 100 GeV. This paper presents the results and discusses the sensitivity of the polarization survival to orbit distortions.

The polarized hydrogen Jet target at RHIC continues its mission to provide absolute calibration for the polarized proton beam polarimeters at RHIC. Data were collected at incoming beam momenta of 100, 24, and 32 GeV/c respectively. The statistical and systematic accuracy of the jet data at 100 GeV/c achieved its goal of statistical accuracy of measuring the beam polarization to 3% in Run 5. Attempts at reducing the jet systematic uncertainty due to molecular hydrogen are also described.

The 2005 run (RUN05) was the first extended operation of the polarized RHIC‐pp program. Throughout 3 months of running, polarization measurements were regularly executed every 2 ∼ 3 hours during the beams at storage energy 100GeV using RHIC pC‐polarimeters. These measurements were performed under different beam conditions, i.e., intensity, emittance, backgrounds, cumulated radiation damage on detectors and so on. The stability of measurements under these various conditions is a major concern and is discussed in detail.

The Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has been providing collisions of polarized protons at a beam energy of 100 GeV since 2001. Equipped with two full Siberian snakes in each ring, polarization is preserved during acceleration from injection to 100 GeV. However, the intrinsic spin resonances beyond 100 GeV are about a factor of 2 stronger than those below 100 GeV making it important to examine the impact of these strong intrinsic spin resonances on polarization survival and the tolerance for vertical orbit distortions. Polarized protons were first accelerated to the record energy of 205 GeV in RHIC with a significant polarization measured at top energy in 2005. This Letter presents the results and discusses the sensitivity of the polarization survival to orbit distortions.

We report the first measurements of the A_N absolute value and shape in the -t range from 0.0015 to 0.010GeV/c^2 with a precision better than 0.005 for each A_N data point using a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and the 100 GeV RHIC proton beam., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Preliminary results from the ’03 RHIC Proton Spin Run on the spin dependence in the elastic scatterring of polarized protons off a carbon target at very low momentum transfer (0.005 < |t| < 0.05 GeV2/c2) are presented and discussed. Proton polarimeters based on this process are used in RHIC and AGS to measure reliably and in very short times the polarization of the proton beams. Polarimetry results from the just completed RHIC polarized proton run are also presented.

We successfully injected polarized protons in both RHIC rings and maintained polarization during acceleration up to 100 GeV per ring using two Siberian snakes in each ring. Each snake consists of four helical superconducting dipoles which rotate the polarization by 180° about a horizontal axis. This is the first time that polarized protons have been accelerated to 100 GeV.

The Siberian snakes are powerful tools in preserving polarization in high energy accelerators has been demonstrated at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Equipped with two full Siberian snakes in each ring, polarization is preserved during acceleration from injection to 100 GeV. However, the Siberian snakes also introduce a new set of depolarization resonances, i.e. snake resonances as first discoverd by Lee and Tepikian [1]. The intrinsic spin resonances above 100 GeV are about a factor of two stronger than those below 100 GeV which raises the challenge to preserve the polarization up to 250 GeV. In 2009, polarized protons collided for the first time at the RHIC design store energy of 250 GeV. This paper presents the experimental measurements of snake resonances at RHIC. The plan for avoiding these resonanances is also presented.

The RHIC polarized proton complex utilizes polarimeters in each of the Blue and Yellow beams that measure the beam polarization through the p-Carbon elastic scattering process in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference kinematic region. This along with a Polarized Hydrogen Jet Target that utilizes the proton-proton elastic scattering process to first measure the analyzing power of the reaction and using the reverse process to measure the beam polarization. The latter is used to calibrate the p-Carbon polarimeters at the desired beam energy. In Run 9 RHIC ran with beams at center-of-mass energies of 200 and 500 GeV respectively. The higher beam intensities as well as the fact that the 250 GeV beam size is much smaller than that at 100 GeV resulted in significantly higher rates seen by the polarimeters and led to observed instability. In this paper, we will discuss the problems encountered and the tests that were carried out using the AGS as a proxy in an attempt to solve the problems and the path forward we took towards the upcoming polarized proton Run11.