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Este artículo estudia la evolución de la violencia en América del Sur. Para ello, analiza y discute la influencia de las diferentes variables económicas sobre la tasa de homicidios mediante una prueba econométrica basada en datos de algunos países de América del Sur para los años 1995-2000. Muestra que este enfoque económico de la violencia puede ser útil pero también peligroso cuando lleva a políticas equivocadas de exclusión social. Además, variables como la rápida urbanización, un esfuerzo educativo insuficiente y la alta impunidad a menudo ligada a la corrupción juegan un papel importante en la generación de la violencia. Finalmente, recomienda cambiar la manera de concebir lo económico y sus relaciones con lo social recurriendo a su interacción con otras ciencias sociales.

Copyright of Lutas Sociais is the property of Nucleo de Estudos de Ideolgias e Lutas Sociais (NEILS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensaios FEE is the property of Fundacao de Economia e Estatistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In most Latin American countries homicide rates are much higher than in developed countries. It increases in some countries, decreases in others or stabilizes. It growths strongly in a few cities but decrease significantly in others since the beginning of the years 2000. The drug taffickers and the evolution or criminal organizations play a special role. The causes of the increase and the reduction of violence are many and complexs. Reduce violence when it reaches the level that she knows in many Latin American countries is a bit like trying to do the squaring of the circle. That is the difficulty. There is a set of prerequisites to make the more cohesive society and reduce violence: substantially reduce socio-economic inequalities, promote a more egalitarian income distribution, develop a primary, secondary, and vocational quality education, invent the city policies, improve the quality of institutions, including and especially that of justice and the police, develop a policy of the city as it was done in Bogotá and as it starts to be done in the «pacified favellas» at the Brazil in contrast to what is observed in Mexico where repression is privileged and corruption is very high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When considered as a whole, and in spite of the new policies of redistribution, the decrease of poverty remains below what could have been expected, especially when we compare it to what is happening in countries in Asia. The exit from the tunnel is still far. The effect that the evolution of the types of jobs has on the poverty level is expressed by means of the change in the distribution of income and by means of the importance of economic growth. This results in a paradox. But the fact that the growth rate is weak and that the level of inequalities is very high does not allow the poverty rate to diminish. A strong decline in poverty might be the consequence of a new acceleration in the economic growth, and this occurs due to a dynamic integration into the world economy, and due to a redistribution of equally high incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]