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In this article we review the most important variables for understanding competitiveness and extracted the theoretical framework factors that determine it for the exporting companies as well as the indexes that measure it. Using a set of variables (quality, price, training, technology and distribution channels) it was developed a structured classification of these factors and indices, and a survey was applied to the directors of twenty exporting companies of the State of Michoacán. From relevant factors and indices found, we developed a model that describes how these variables are interrelated, on the basis of Technical Statistical Modeling Partial Least Squares (PLS). The final results showed that technology variable has the greatest impact on competitiveness indices, which implies that exporting companies should pay special attention to this variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]