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In the Bay of Ca´ diz (SW Spain) an Upper Pleistocene beach deposit (31.5 ka BP) has been recognised at about 1–3 m above m.s.l. The deposit is affected by a set of joints and fractures filled by calcretes and other subaerial sediments, dated at 19.9 ka BP. Deformation and uplift of this level is related to the moderate activity of a diapiric structure. The resulting uplift produced local emersion of the deposit and a transition from marine to continental conditions during the Late Quaternary. The deformational style and tectonic location of the deposit argue against strong vertical motion. Regional comparisons between this diapir and other similar and coeval structures near the zone suggest a vertical uplift of about 25 m. Therefore, between 30 and 20 ka BP the sea level can be supposed to have been placed near to its present-day position, probably less than 30 m below. These results confirm other regional data indicating that during MIS 3 several relative sea level rises took place, reaching heights of only several tens of metres below the present m.s.l. The palaeogeographical implications of these results include the existing controversy about the possible crossing of the Strait of Gibraltar by Neanderthals between ca 40 and 30 ka. The palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Strait for this period suggests that its width and depth were very similar to the present ones.

The Bay of Cadiz, of about 30km length and 15 km width, is located at the south-atlantic margin of the Iberian Peninsula, southwards of the Guadalquivir river mouth, Geologically it is located within the Subbetic Zone of the Betic Ranges. The origin of the Bay is related to vertical tectonic movements during a distensive phase in the upper Miocene-Pliocene (Benkhelil, 1976). This depression was occupied by a deltaic sedimentary system developed during the middle and upper Pliocene until the lower Pleistocene, giving rise to a strategic unit with mixed fluvial and littoral characteristics.