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The atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) in the environment is of great concern due to its impact on natural ecosystems including affecting vegetation, reducing biodiversity, increasing tree growth in forests, and the eutrophication of aquatic systems. Taking into account the average annual N emission into the atmosphere in Germany of about 2 million t N (ammonia/ammonium, NOx), and assuming homogeneous distribution throughout Germany, an average N deposition of 45 kg/ha x year can be calculated. Such high atmospheric N deposition could be confirmed by N balances from long-term field experiments in Central Germany (e.g., the Static Fertilization Experiment in Bad Lauchstdt). By contrast, estimates by standard methods indicate a deposition of only about 30 kg N/ha x year. This is because the standard methods are using wet-only or bulk collectors, which fail to take into account gaseous deposition and the direct uptake of atmospheric N by aerial plant parts. Therefore, a new system was developed using 15N isotope dilution methodology to measure the actual total atmospheric N input into a soil/plant system (Integrated Total Nitrogen Input, ITNI). A soil/plant system is labeled with [15N]ammonium-[15N]nitrate and the total input of airborne N is calculated from the dilution of this tracer by N from the atmosphere. An average annual deposition of 64 +/- 11 kg/ha x year from 1994-2000 was measured with the ITNI system at the Bad Lauchstdt research farm in the dry belt of Central Germany. Measurements in 1999/2000 at three other sites in Central Germany produced deposition rates of about 60 kg/ha x year. These data clearly show that the total atmospheric N deposition into the soil/plant system determined by the newly developed ITNI system significantly exceeds that obtained from standard wet-only and bulk collectors. The higher atmospheric N depositions found closely match those postulated from the N balances of long-term agricultural field experiments.

The amount of atmospheric N deposition in Germany is actual rather uncertain. Estimates using standard methods indicate an N deposition of 30-35kg N/ha × year. However, the results of long-term field experiments and newly by the ITNI (Integrated Total Nitrogen Input) system could prove a much higher N input of about 50-60kg N/ha × year. The reason for this difference is that standard methods use wet-only or bulk collectors, which neglect gaseous and organic N deposition as well as direct N uptake by aerial plant parts. By contrast, the ITNI-system is able to measure the total atmospheric N input using the 15 N isotope dilution method. The input of airborne N into a soil/plant system leads to a dilution of the abundance of a previously applied 15 N tracer over a defined time period. The atmospheric N deposition can be calculated from this dilution. To estimate the actual N input in Central Germany, ITNI measurements were carried out from autumn 1998 to autumn 2000 at four locations in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Atmospheric N depositions between 45 and 75kg N/ha × year were determined depending on the location. These results closely match to N balances of long-term field experiments. Furthermore, a relationship was found between N deposition and the plant species used as well as plant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]