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In order to develop characteristic folk medicine resources in Jiangxi, a pharmacognostical study was systematically performed for four different origin plants of Sikuaiwa, the result of study provides the microscopic features of powder and tissue of the crude drug. The research provided reference for the identification of Sikuaiwa, as well as a theoretical basis for the further development and the formulation of quality standards.

To set standards for histomorphological studies on Lysimachia fortunei, an efficacious and widely applied folk medicine in this study, in order to develop its resources. Its species were identified by observing plant morphology and herbs appearance characters, preparing slices with routine methods and defining structural characters. According to the results of morphologic observation, leaves, stamen and pistil of this plant were different from the descriptions in Flora of China. The whole herb can be used in medicines, mainly including rhizomes, stems and leaves. According to the findings in the first study on microscopic structures, its rhizomes, stems and leaves were characteristic and worth identifying. The transaction tissue structures of rhizomes and stems were under developed and contained endodermis, secretory structures; Stems had sclerenchymata of different shapes of sclereids; Leaves were bifacial and had vascular bundles under midribs, which were surrounded by parenchymal sheathes. On the surface of leaves, stomata, glandular hairs and keratin lines were morphologically different in upper and lower epidermis. The herbal power had glandular hairs, sclereids and vessels. In conclusion, herbs of L. fortunei can be identified by the above histomorphological characteristics, which lays a foundation for further development and application of L. fortunei.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is an important molecular marker in traditional Chinese medicine research, and it is widely used in TCM authentication. The present study created a new genotyping method by combining restriction endonuclease digesting with melting curve analysis, which is a stable, rapid and easy doing SNP genotyping method. The new method analyzed SNP genotyping of two chloroplast SNP which was located in or out of the endonuclease recognition site, the results showed that when attaching a 14 bp GC-clamp (cggcgggagggcgg) to 5' end of the primer and selecting suited endonuclease to digest the amplification products, the melting curve of Lonicera japonica and Atractylodes macrocephala were all of double peaks and the adulterants Shan-yin-hua and A. lancea were of single peaks. The results indicated that the method had good stability and reproducibility for identifying authentic medicines from its adulterants. It is a potential SNP genotyping method and named restriction endonuclease digest - melting curve analysis.

Objective: To identify SNP in flos Lonicerae, and authenticate Lonicera japonica from its adulterants and the mixture by using bidirectional PCR amplification of specific alleles (Bi-PASA)., Method: SNP of L. japonica and its adulterants was identified by using ClustulW to align trnL-trnF sequences of the Lonicera genus from GenBank database. Bi-PASA primer was designed and the PCR reaction systems including annealing temperature optimized. Optimized result was performed in 84 samples to authenticate L. japonica, its adulterants and the mixture., Result: When the annealing temperature was 61 degrees C, DNA from L. japonica would be amplified 468 bp whereas PCR products from all of the 9 adulterants were 324 bp. The established method also can detect 5% of intentional adulteration DNA into L. japonica., Conclusion: The Bi-SPASA could authenticate L. japonica from its adulterants and the mixture.

Objective: To reveal the effects of ecological factors on geo-herbalism,by researching the correlation between yields or qualities of Curcuma wenyujin and ecological factors., Methods: All measured dates were divided into three components, meteorological factors, soil conditions, the yields and qualities of geo-herbals, and analyzed through canonical correlation using SPSS software., Results: The results showed that there were two canonical correlation models to explain correlation between meteorological factors and yields or qualities of medicinal materials, as well as soil conditions and yields or qualities, and both of canonical correlations reached the significant or extremely significant level. The analysis indicated that main ecological factors affecting the yields or qualities of medicinal materials were average temperature from May to June,the days of high temperature (over 35 degrees C) and average rainfall from August to October, annual average rainfall, altitude, available potassium content in soil., Conclusions: This study has tentatively made clear which ecological factors to affect the yields and qualities of Curcuma wenyujin; and provided some basis for revealing geo-herbalism of Curcuma wenyujin.

Objective: This stdudy was to determine the suitable area for Curcuma wenyujin in Wenzhou, and expand its growing region, based the growth characteristic of Curcuma wenyujin., Methods: The 13 main factors including climate, soil and other environmental conditions were selected. The best genuine production area was regarded as the goal area in similar calculation. The grid data was calculated from the station and sampling sites by Inverse Distance Interpolation on GIS. After normolizing to the grid data, the dimension effect was removed. on this basis, calculating the absolute distance of every cell to the the goal cell. Wenzhou region was divided into best suitable area, suitable area, second suitable area and unsuitable area by clustering analyzing., Result: Most of area in Wenzhou are suit for Curcuma wenyujin, best suitable area, suitable area, second suitable area and unsuitable area reach 98% area of Wenzhou., Conclusion: This result give important reference value of Curcuma wenyujin breeding in Wenzhou.

Objective: The DNA fingerprints of Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats were generated by using SRAP markers to find the feasibility in analyzing their relationship., Methods: The DNA polymorphism of Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats were detected by SRAP molecular markers., Results: We had screened five pairs of primer combinations, and built the DNA fingerprints of Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats. The phylogenetic clustering results revealed that the genetic difference in Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats were little., Conclusion: SRAP markers may offer some evidence for protecting and exploiting of Curcuma wenyuji.

Objective: According to the study on effects of cultivating density and seed stock on the yield and volatile oil, to provide a scientific basis for standardized cultivating measures., Methods: The yield and the content of volatile oil at harvest were counted and analyzed the variance by SPSS., Results: The effect of cultivating density on the yields from 3 different medicinal parts of medical material was significant. The effect of seed stock on the yield of Rhizoma wenyujin concisa and Rhizoma wenyujin curcumae was significant, but to the yield of Radix wenyujin curcumae was very little. The mutual effect between cultivating density and seed stock was also very little., Conclusion: The cultivating density play an important role in the yields of Curcuma wenyujin.

Objective: To study on growth characteristics of Curcuma wenyujin, and provide theoretical basis for the development of high-quality and high-yield medical material., Method: The morphological change of the plant was observed periodically, the content of volatile oil and dry matter in leaves, rhizome, root tuber was determine., Result: The growth of C. wenyujin could be divided into 5 stages, i. e. seed germination, seedling, leaf growth, rhizome expansion, accumulation of dry matter, respectively. Before the stage of rhizome expansion, over 70% dry matter was accumulated in the aerial part of the plant, and during the stage of leaf growth, the maximum increase rate of dry matter in aerial part was 3.90 g/p/d. During the stage of rhizome expansion, the ratio of dry matter of rhizome increased quickly and reached above 33% , and the increase rate of dry matter of rhizome rise up to 3.83 g/p/d, in the end of the stage, the content of volatile oil in the rhizome also rose up to 1.20 mL x 100 g(-1)., Conclusion: During the whole growth stage, there are two growth centers, when the two curves of dry matter increase of aerial part and rhizome intersect, it is regarded as a signal that the growth transformed form the aerial part to rhizome. When the rate of dry matter from rhizome rise, the content of volatile oil in rhizome rises quickly with the increase of dry matter in rhizome. The optimal harvest time is in mid-December.

Objective: To define the genetic relationship and other genetic characters of different varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa., Method: RAPD reactions were conducted on total 54 samples from 16 varieties and 2 populations of R. glutinosa. The data were analyzed by Phylips, Popgene and Arlequin software., Result: The majority rule consensus tree defined the 54 samples to 3 groups. Population genetics analysis and AMOVA showed that the genetic diversity among varieties/populations much greater than that within varieties/populations, but within group II the genetic diversity among varieties was similar to that within varieties., Conclusion: Due to the long-time asexual propagation of R. glutinosa, some genetic differentiation has been accumulated and fixed within the species. It was shown that the genetic distance between wild population and cultivated varieties was greater than the genetic distance among cultivated varieties. The wild resource of the plant should be paid more attention and studies.

Objective: To find the status and changes of the soil nutrients in rhizosphere of Atractylodes lancea., Method: Total nitrogen (total N), available K, available P, organic matter (ORG), available nitrogen and pH in rhizosphere soil of the wild growing A. lancea in 3 sites, MS, LT and MFS, and the cultivated ones with different ages in LT were detected., Result: The contents of total nitrogen (total N), available K, available P, organic matter (ORG), available nitrogen and pH value in rhizosphere soil were significant different between MS, LT and MFS (P < 0.01). The results of the 6 detected parameters in MS were the lowest, in MFS were the highest and in LT were in the middle. The total N, ORG and available N in the cultivated A. lancea were lower than that in the wild ones (P < 0.01) and available P and pH value in the cultivated A. lancea were higher than that in wild ones (P < 0.01) and there was no difference in available K between the wild and cultivated ones in LT (P > 0.05); 3 available P in rhizosphere soil of the two years old A. lancea were higher than of the one year old A. lancea (P < 0.01) and there were no difference of total N, ORG, available N, available K and pH value in rhizosphere soil of A. lancea between one year and two years plant (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: It is indicated that the growth of A. lancea in Mt. Mao is faced nutrient stress.

Objective: To analyse the echinacoside and acteoside content of Cistanche tubulosa, collected from different hosts and different size of the cultivated, which is compared to the wilding by RP-HPLC method., Method: An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used and a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-1% acetic acid (15:10:75) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C and the UV detection wavelength was 334 nm., Result: The calibration curves of echinacoside and acteoside were in good linearity over the range of 0.904-9.04 microg (r = 0.999 9), and 1.27-12.7 microg (r = 0.999 9) respectively and the average recoveries of echinacoside (and acteoside) were 98.9% (n = 5, RSD 1.9%), and 97.0% (n = 5, RSD 0.97%)., Conclusion: The method is simple, quick, acurate. In all of the samples, the contents of echinacoside is markedly more than that of acteoside, the content of the two active component in the wilding is higher than that in the planting. The content of sample in the different sizes gradually increase from the big to the small, and the contents of samples collected from the different hosts vary markedly. These results are useful for the quality evaluation of medicinal materials of C. tubulosa.