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Chemical investigation of fruits of Mours alba L. lead to the isolation of fifteen compounds by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 column chromatography. Their structures were determined to be: 1-[5-(2-formlfuryl) methyl] dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate 2, 3-diethyl ester (1), 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl] pyrrolidin-2-one (2), divaricataester A (3), methyl 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (4), 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (5), L-pyroglutamic acid (6), L-pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester (7), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (8), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester (9), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (10), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester (11), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (13), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (14), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (15), respectively, based on the spectral analysis such as NMR, MS etc. Compounds 1-14 were isolated from this genus for the first time, among which 1 was a new compound.

Ten flavonoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the seeds of Alpinia galanga Willd. with a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, they were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (1), (2R, 3R)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (2), pinocembrin (3), pinobaksin (4), 3-O-acetylpinobaksin (5), galangin (6), galangin-3-methylether (7), kumatakenin (8), 3-methylkaempferol (9) and (2R, 3R)-3, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (10). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2, 5 and 10 were isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time, and others were isolated from this plant for the first time.

The investigation on Salvia przewalskii Maxim was carried out to find the relationship of the constituents and their pharmacological activities. The isolation and purification were performed by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 column chromatography, etc. Further investigation on the fraction of the 95% ethanol extract of Salvia przewalskii Maxim yielded przewalskin Y-1 (1), anhydride of tanshinone-II A (2), sugiol (3), epicryptoacetalide (4), cryptoacetalide (5), arucadiol (6), 1-dehydromiltirone (7), miltirone (8), cryptotanshinone (9), tanshinone II A (10) and isotanshinone-I (11). Their structures were elucidated by the spectral analysis such as NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and MS (Mass Spectrometry). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 4 and 5 are mirror isomers (1 : 3). Compounds 4, 5, 6, 8, 11 were isolated from Salvia przewalskii Maxim for the first time.

The investigation on the chemical constituents of Anabasis aphylla L. was carried out by using various chromatographies, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C18 column chromatography. Further detailed investigation on the fraction of the ethanol extract of Anabasis aphylla L. yielded one new compound p-acetyl-phenol 1-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with five known compounds: piceine (2), isorhamnetin (3), quercetin (4), rutin (5) and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside (6). Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis such as NMR and MS. Among these compounds, compounds 2-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the roots of Inula racemosa and their structures were elucidated as 3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydroalantolactone (1) and 11α-hydroxy-eudesm-5-en-8β,12-olide (2). Their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines had been tested and compound 2 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against BEL-7402 and HCT-8 cell lines. The anti-inflammatory activities were also tested, but neither of them showed any activities.

A new 2-arylbenzofuran derivative, mornigrol D (1), along with two new flavones, mornigrol G (2) and mornigrol H (3), and six known compounds, norartocarpetin (4), dihydrokaempferol (5), albanin A (6), albanin E (7), moracin M (8), and albafuran C (9), were isolated from the barks of Morus nigra. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 9 showed antioxidative activities in vitro with inhibition ratios of 98 and 99% at the concentration of 10(-4) mol/l, and of 74 and 75% at the concentration of 10(-5) mol/l. In addition, compounds 1 and 4 showed potent anti-inflammatory activities (inhibition of release of beta-glucuronidase from rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes induced by platelet activating factor) with inhibitory ratios of 65.9% (P < 0.01) and 67.7% (P < 0.01) at a concentration of 10(-5) mol/l.

The powder X-ray diffraction Fourier fingerprint pattern technique was used to develop a new quantitation method for the analysis of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide. And the high performance liquid chromatography method was used to evaluate the quantity of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide. The relationship of diffraction peak intensity and content of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide was investigated. The powder X-ray diffraction Fourier fingerprint pattern analysis technique can be used to evaluate the quantity of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in the herb simultaneously.

Six new diterpenoids, 7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo- ent-abietan-16,14-olide ( 1), 3,4,18beta-cyclopropa-7beta,17-dihydroxy- ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide ( 2), 3alpha,7beta-dihydroxy- ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide ( 3), 3-oxo-8beta,14beta-epoxy- ent-abieta-11,13(15)-dien-16,12-olide ( 4), 17-hydroxy- ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-3-one ( 5), and 3alpha,6beta-dihydroxy- ent-kaur-16-ene ( 6), and two known compounds, 7beta-hydroxy- ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide ( 7) and jolkinolide B, were isolated from roots of Suregada glomerulata. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and other spectroscopic studies. The structure of compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Cytotoxic activities were evaluated against five human tumor cell lines.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of vine stem of Millettia dielsiana., Method: Various chromatographic techniques were employed for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses., Result: Seven isoflavones were isolated and identified as 6-methoxycalpogonium isoflavone A (1), durmillone (2), ichthynone (3), jamaicin (4), toxicarol isoflavone (5), barbigerone (6), genistein (7) respectively., Conclusion: Compound 5 was isolated from the genus and Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Objective: To research on genetic diversity of different Salvia miltiorrhiza geographical populations in China., Method: The genetic diversity of 27 S. miltiorrhiza geographical populations from ten provinces in China was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The data of amplified bands were analyzed by the software POPGENE and SPSS., Result: The ten primers employed produced a total of 528 discernable and reproduceable amplified fragments. There were 476 polymorphic brands. The percentage of polymorphic bands with in different populations was 90.15%. Genetic diversity analysis showed that Neis gene diversity (He) was 0.261 2 and Shannon's genetic diversity index (1) was 0.403 3. The coefficient of gene similarity was 0.504 0-0.789 0 between populations. The cluster map including all samples were obtained by UPGMA. In the map, there were seven cluster groups and one individual outside the groups., Conclusion: The genetic diversity with in different geographical population of S. miltiorrhiza in China is plentiful.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Suregada glomeruldata., Method: Isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel, sephardex LH -20, ODS column chromatography etc. Constituents were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis., Result: Nine compounds, Jolkinolide B (1), 8alpha, 14-dihydro-7-oxo-jolkinolide E (2), helioscopinolide B (3), ent-kauran-16beta, 17-diol (4), 7-oxo-beta-sitosterol (5), scopoletin (6), adenosine (7), 1'-sinapoylglucose (8), sucrose (9), were obtained and identified., Conclusion: Compounds 2-9 were isolated from S. glomerulata for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in seeds of Cicer arietinum, so that to find bioactive natural products., Method: Dried and sprouted seeds of C. arietinum were extracted with ethanol of various concentrations respectively, then isolated and purified by silica gel, macroreticular resin D 101, Sephadex LH -20 gel column chromatography, and structures of compounds were identified by spectral analysis., Result: Nine compounds have been isolated and identified: 3-hydroxy-olean-12-ene (1), biochanin A-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), cerebroside (3), 1-ethyl-alpha-L-galactoside (4), uridine (5), adenosine (6), trytophan (7), biochanin A (8), fomononetin (9)., Conclusion: Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 were isolated from genus Cicer for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from leaves of Sapium sebiferum., Method: The compounds were isolated and purified by silic gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures were identified by various spectral evidence., Result: Nine compounds were obtained and they were shikimic acid (1), kaempferol (2), quercetin (3), isoquercein (4), hyperin (5), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glueopyranoside (7), gallic acid (8), rutin (9)., Conclusion: Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 are isolated from this genus for the first time and compound 9 is isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Myricaria paniculata., Method: Silica gel column chromatography was used to separate and purify the chemical constituents, and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis., Result: Four compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether soluble portion, identified as 28-aldehyde-taraxerenone (1), 28-hydroxy-taraxerenone (2), epi-friedelanol (3), 4-methyl stigmast-7-en-3-ol (4). Three compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble portion, identified as morelloflavone (5), methyl 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate (6), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy cinnamic acid (7)., Conclusion: All of these compounds were isolated from the genus for the first time.

Objective: In order to clarify the genetic background of Pinellia ternata germplasm resources in China, the chromosomal constitution and cytogeographical distribution of P. ternata were investigated in 27 different populations among 16 provinces and regions in China systematically., Method: Cytological and cytogeographical methods were used in the study., Result: P. ternata in China is a polyploid complex, which contains septuploid (2n = 7x = 91) , octoploid (2n = 8x = 104) , nonuploid (2n = 9x = 117) and decaploid (2n = 10x = 130). Meanwhile the aneuploid series (2n = 92, 103, 105, 115) of a minority of P. ternata were also found., Conclusion: The genetic differentiation and the phenomenon of ploidy miscellany commonly exist in the species of P. ternata in China, both for natural populations and cultivated populations. Toxicity and chemical components of different ploidy P. ternata should be clarified before the superior multiploid is selected for normalized plantation of the plant.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Rhodobryum roseum., Method: The compounds were isolated and purified by recrystallization and chromatography with silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis., Result: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as apigenin (1), quercetin (2), oleanolic acid (3), 2alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid (4), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (5), protocatechuic acid (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (8)., Conclusion: Compounds 1-8 were isolated from R. roseum for the first time.

Objective: Study on the karyotypes analysis of Ferula fukanensis., Method: The young roots were treated with 0.000 2 mol x L(1) 8-Hydroxyquinoline for 3 h, carnoy's for 3 h, 1 mol x L(-1) HCl in 5 min,carbol fuchsin coloration for 2 min and the treated roots were utilizied to make the plate for observation., Result: The fukanensis is diploid. The chromosome number of somatic cells was 2n = 22. The karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 20 = 16m + 4sm. The 4th and 10th are submetacentric, and the others are metacentric., Conclusion: The karyotype of F. fukanensis belongs to "2A" type of stebbins', and it is a primitive species.

Objective: To develop a method for determination of catechin and its analogues in Spatholobus suberectus., Method: Gallocatechin, catechin and epicatechin are used as reference substances. Chromatographic assay is performed on a C18 colum. The mobile phase is composed of methanol and acetic acid solution with gradient elution. Velocity of flow is 0.8 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength is 270 nm., Result: The calibration curves of gallocatechin, catechin and epicatechin are linear within the range of 0.397 microg to 1.986 microg, 0.404 microg to 2.019 microg and 0.405 microg to 2.024 microg. The recoveries of them are 97.2%, 100.8% and 98.8%, and the RSD are 1.7%, 2.4%, 2.4% (n = 5)., Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid and suitable for the determination of catechin and its analogues in S. suberectus.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica., Method: The compounds were isolated by using RA polystyrene resin, polyamide and silica gel column chromatography, The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physic-chemical properties and spectra data., Result: Six compounds were identified as syringaresinol4-O-beta-D-monoglucoside (I), sy-ringaresinol-4,4'-O-bis-beta-D-glucoside (II), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-(6"-O-p-coumaroyl)-galactopyranoside (III), 2"-p-coumarylastragalin (IV), takakin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (V), beta-daucosterol (VI)., Conclusion: Compounds I-V were obtained from genus Dracocephalum for the first time.

Objective: To study the active constituents in vine stem of Spatholobus suberectus., Method: The constituents of Spatholobus suberectus were systematically separated with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral data., Result: Eight compounds were isolated from S. suberectus, and were identified as: ononin (1), pruneitin (2), gallocatechin (3), catechin (4), epicatechin (5), syringic acid (6), vanillic acid (7) and daucosterol (8)., Conclusion: Compound 3, 4, 6, 7 were obtained from Spatholobus genus for the first time. Compound 4 has stimulation to proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Dracocephalum moldavica., Method: The compounds were isolated by using column chromatography with RA polystyrene resin, polyamide and silica gel as packing materials, and the structures of the compounds were identified by means of spectral data., Result: eight compounds were identified as apigenin(I), luteolin(II), kaempferol(III), isorhamnetin(IV), tilianin(V), agastachoside(VI), acacetin-7-O-(6-O-Malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (VII) and syringaresinol(VIII)., Conclusion: Compounds I, II and III were isolated from genus Dracocephalum for the first time and compounds IV, VII and VIII were isolated from Dracocephalum moldavuca for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the flavonoid constituents of the Rhododendron anthopogonoides systematically., Method: The chemical components were isolated by sephadex LH-20, polyamide and silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physic-chemical properties and spectral data., Result: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: Quercetin (I), isorhamnetin (II), hyperoside (III), cacticin (IV), hirsutine (V), kaemferol-3-beta-D-galactoside (VI) myricetin-3-beta-D-Xyloside (VII), (6''-O-(4-Hydroxybenzoyl) hyperoside (VIII)., Conclusion: Compounds II, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds VII and VIII were separated from the Ericaceae plant for the first time.

Essential oil, flavonoids, alkaloids and lignas were isolated from Saururuaceae plants. They possesses antibacteral, antiviruses, antiinflammatory. Inhibitory of plaleted aggregation activites and exhibit significant neuroleptic activity.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the bark of Morus macroura., Method: The compounds were isolated with silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis (IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR)., Result: Five compounds were identified as alpha-amyrin acetate (1), gult-5-en-3 beta-yl acetate (2), 3 beta-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-28-oic acid (3), 3 beta-hydroxylup-12-en-28-oic acid (4), butyrospermol acetate (5).

Aim: To study the chemical constituents of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn., Methods: The constituents of Spatholobus suberectus were separated with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral data., Results: Eight compounds were isolated from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. They were identified as: suberectin (1), formononetin (2), daidzein (3), calycosin (4), pyromucic acid (5), 1,3,5-benzenetriol (6), succinic acid (7) and beta-sitosterol (8)., Conclusion: Suberectin is a new compound and characterized as 7,3',4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxy flavanone on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. Compounds 4, 5, 6 and 7 were obtained from Spatholobus genus for the first time.

Six new styrylpyrone derivatives, goniolactones A-F (1-6), have been isolated from the roots of Goniothalamus cheliensis. The structures and stereochemistry of the new compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data and chemical methods. The relative configuration of goniolactone A (1) was determined by X-ray crystallography analysis, and the absolute configurations of goniolactones A (1) and B (2) were established by Mosher's method. Goniolactone B (2) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against A2780, HCT-8, and KB cells with IC(50) values of 7.40, 4.43, and 7.23 microM, respectively.

Aim: To study the chemical constituents from Uvaria macrophylla Roxb. (Annonaceae)., Methods: Various chromatography techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC spectral analysis., Results: Seven compounds have been isolated from the CHCl3 extract of the roots of the U. macrophylla. They were identified as macrophyllin (1), onysilin (2), taraxerol (3), 3,5-dimethoxy benzyl benzoic acid ester (4), benzoic acid (5), beta-sitosterol (6) and daucosterol (7)., Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2-7 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Aim: To investigate the chemical constituents of Murraya kwangsiensis., Methods: Compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and TLC method, respectively. Structures of compounds were elucidated by spectral (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR) analysis., Results: Five carbazole alkaloids and two other compounds were isolated and identified. Six of them are known compounds: murrayafoline A, murrayanine, koenine, isomahanine, palmitic acid and beta-sitosterol. One is a new alkaloid, named kwangsine., Conclusion: A new alkaloid, named kwangsine, was isolated from Murraya kwangsiensis Var. Six known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Two new bioactive monotetrahydrofuran acetogenins, calamistrins A (1) and B (2), and two known compounds, uvarigrin (3) and uvarigranin (4), have been isolated from the roots of Uvaria calamistrata. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The absolute stereochemistry of the stereogenic centers was established by Mosher ester methodology.

Three new styryl-lactones 8-acetylgoniofufurone(1), 7-acetylgonio-pypyrone(3), and 5-acetylgoniopypyrone(4), along with ten known compounds, goniofufurone(2), goniopypyrone(5), goniothalamin, goniothalenol, (+)-isoaltholactone, goniodiol, 7-acetylgoniodiol, goniotriol, 8-acetylgoniotriol, 9-deoxygoniopypyrone were isolated from the rhizomes of Goniothalamus griffithii Hook f. et. Thoms. Their structures were elucidated by IR, MS, NMR spectra and chemical evidence. All compounds showed cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines.

Five new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes, named uvacalol A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4) and E (5) were isolated from the roots of Uvaria calamistrata. On the basis of spectral analysis and chemical derivatization, including the preparation of Mosher esters, the structures of compound 1-5 were established as (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-acetoxyl-5-ethoxyl-1-benzoyloxymethylcyclohex-1(6)-ene3,4-diol-3-benzoate, (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-acetoxyl-5-ethoxyl-1-benzoyloxymethylcyclohex-1(6)-ene-3,4-diol-4-benzoate, (2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-ethoxyl-1-benzoyloxymethylcyclohex-1(6)-ene-2,3,4-triol-3-benzoate, (2R,3S,4R,5S)-3-methoxyl-1-benzoyloxymethylcyclohex-1(6)-ene-2,3,5-triol and (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-acetoxyl-1-benzoyloxymethylcyclohex-1(6)-ene-3,4,5-triol-5-benzoate, respectively.

Four linear acetogenins, donhepocin (1), 34-epi-donhepocin (1'), donhexocin and donbutocin, have been isolated from the roots of Goniothalamus donnaiensis. 1 and 1', isolated as an epimeric pair, contain a rare gamma-hydroxymethyl-gamma-lactone. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.