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McQuate, Grant T., Liquido, Nicanor J., Nakamichi, Kelly A. A. (2017): Annotated World Bibliography of Host Plants of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi 2017 (527): 1-339, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5353580, {"references": ["Agarwal, M. L., D. D. Sharma, and O. Rahman. 1987. Melon fruit-fly and its control. Indian Horticulture 32: 10-11.", "Agarwal, M. L., and S. S. Yazdani. 1991. A note on growth potential of melon fruit fly, Dacus (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae Coquillett in relation to certain host plants in North Bihar. Journal of Research, Birsa Agricultural University (BAU) 3: 61-62.", "Agrawal, N., and Y. K. Mathur. 1991. The fruit fly problem associated with cultivated crops in India and its control. p. 140-151. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on fruit flies in the tropics, Kuala Lumpur, 1988. Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute (MARDI) and Malaysian Plant Protection Society; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia. 430 p.", "Akhtaruzzaman, M., M. Z. Alam, and M. A. Sardar. 1999. Suppressing fruit fly infestation by bagging cucumber at different days after anthesis. Bangladesh Journal of Entomology 9: 103-112.", "Akter, H., S. A. Khan, and M. S. Islam. 2010. Can Solanaceae vegetables serve as equivalent host to Cucurbitaeceae for the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) in Bangladesh? Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 6: 697-700.", "Ali, S. A. I., S. A. Mohamed, M. E. E. Mahmoud, S. A. I. Sabiel, S. Ali, and A. Ali. 2014a. Monitoring of Tephritidae of fruit trees and their level of infestation in South Kordofan State, Sudan. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research 2: 687-693.", "Ali, S. A. I., S. A. Mohammed, and M. A. A. Fadel. 2014b. Monitoring some Tephritidae insects that affect fruit trees and their host range in Abugubeiha region, South Kordofan State, Sudan. Arab Journal of Plant Protection 32: 113-118.", "Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. K. Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 7: 1-92.", "Amin, M. R., T. Sarkar, and I.-J. Chun. 2011. Comparison of host plants infestation level and life history of fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett) on cucurbitaceous crops. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 52: 541-545.", "Arevalo-Galarza, L., and P. Follett. 2011. Response of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) to metabolic stress disinfection and disinfection treatment. Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 75-80.", "Armstrong, J. W. 1983. Infestation biology of three fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species on 'Brazilian,' 'Valery,' and 'William's' cultivars of banana in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 76: 539-543.", "Armstrong, J. W., and D. L. Garcia. 1985. Methyl bromide quarantine fumigations for Hawaii-grown cucumbers infested with melon fly and oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1308-1310.", "Armstrong, J. W., J. D. Hansen, B. K. S. Hu, and S. A. Brown. 1989. High-temperature, forced-air quarantine treatment for papayas infested with tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82: 1667-1674.", "Armstrong, J. W., B. K. S. Hu, and S. A. Brown. 1995. Single temperature forced hot-air quarantine treatment to control fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in papaya. Journal of Economic Entomology 88: 678-682.", "Armstrong, J. W., and R. I. Vargas. 1982. Resistance of pineapple variety '59-656' to field populations of oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 75: 781-782.", "Australian Quarantine Service, Commonwealth Department of Primary Industry. 1987. Fruit flies. Plant Quarantine Leaflet no. 29. Australian Government Publishing Service; Canberra. 6 p.", "Ayyar, T. V. R. 1935. Fruit flies and their economic importance in S. India. The Madras Agricultural Journal 23: 127-137.", "Back, E. A., and C. E. Pemberton. 1914. Life history of the melon fly. Journal of Agricultural Research 3: 269-274.", "Back, E. A., and C. E. Pemberton. 1917. The melon fly in Hawaii, Bulletin No. 491, Washington Government Printing Office; Washington, D.C. 64 p.", "Back, E. A., and C. E. Pemberton. 1918. The melon fly, Bulletin No. 643, Washington Government Printing Office; Washington, D.C. 32 p.", "Badii, K. B., M. K. Billah, K. Afreh-Nuamah, and D. Obeng-Ofori. 2015. Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 35: 137-151.", "Bains, S. S., and P. S. Sidhu. 1984. Role of different food plants in the population build-up of the melon fruit fly, Dacus cucurbitae in Punjab. Indian Journal of Ecology 11: 297-302.", "Banerji, R., S. K. Sahoo, S. K. Das, and S. Jha. 2005. Studies on incidence of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq., in relation to weather parameters on bitter gourd in new alluvial zone of West Bengal. Journal of Entomological Research 29: 179-182.", "Barma, P., S. Jha, and S. Banerjee. 2013. Prediction of population development of melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 8: 4740-4747.", "Bateman, M. A. 1989. A report on the tropical fruit flies of the South Pacific Region. South Pacific Commission; Suva, Fiji. 32 p.", "Batra, H. N. 1953. Biology and control of Dacus diversus Coquillett and Carpomyia vesuviana Costa and important notes on other fruit flies in India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 23: 87-112.", "Batra, H. N. 1964. The population, behaviour, host specificity and development potential of fruit flies bred at constant temperature in winter. Indian Journal of Entomology 26: 195-206.", "Beller, S., and P. Bhenchitr. 1936. Preliminary list of insect pests and their host plants in Siam, p. 23, Technical Bulletin No. 1. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Bangkok, Thailand (Siam). 68 p.", "Bhagat, K. C., V. K. Koul, and R. K. Nehru. 1998. Seasonal variation of sex ratio in Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett. Journal of Advanced Zoology 19: 55-56.", "Bhatia, S. K., and Y. Mahto. 1968. Note on breeding of fruit flies Dacus ciliatus Loew and D. cucurbitae Coquillett in stem galls of Coccinia indica W. and A. Indian Journal of Entomology 30: 244-245.", "Bhatia, S. K., and Y. Mahto. 1970. 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Some critical observations on the biology of the melon fly Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Trypetidae). Research Bulletin of Punjab University (Science) 17: 105-109.", "Cheema, M. A. 1964. Study of resistance in muskmelon varieties against the infestation of Dacus cucurbitae Coq. Pakistan Journal of Science 16: 154-160.", "Chelliah, S. 1970. Host influence on the development of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett. Indian Journal of Entomology 32: 381-383.", "Chelliah, S., and C. N. Sambandam. 1971. Role of certain mechanical factors in Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn., in imparting resistance to Dacus cucurbitae C. Annamalai University Agricultural Research Annual (AUARA) 3: 48-53.", "Chelliah, S., and C. N. Sambandam. 1974a. Inheritance of resistance to the fruit fly, Dacus cucurbitae C., in the interspecific cross between Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn., and Cucumis melo L. Annamalai University of Agricultural Research Annual (AUARA) 4: 169-171.", "Chelliah, S., and C. 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The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51: 7-15.", "Chong, M. 1952. Notes and exhibitions. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 14: 361.", "Christenson, L. D., and R. H. Foote. 1960. Biology of fruit flies. Annual Review of Entomology 5: 171-192.", "Clancy, D. W., P. E. Marucci, and E. Dresner. 1952. Importation of natural enemies to control the oriental fruit fly in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 45: 85-90.", "Clarke, A. R., A. Allwood, A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, C. Hengsawad, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, and S. Vijaysegaran. 2001. Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera MacQuart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49: 207-220.", "Clausen, C. P., D. W. Clancy, and Q. C. Chock. 1965. Biological control of the oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) and other fruit flies in Hawaii. USDA Technical Bulletin 1322: 1-102.", "Commonwealth Institute of Entomology. 1978. Distribution maps of pests: Dacus cucurbitae Coq. (Dipt., Tephritidae) (melon fruit-fly). Map No. 64, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology; Queen's Gate, London.", "Copeland, R. S., Q. Luke, and R. A. Wharton. 2009. A natural history of the wild fruits of Kenya. CD-ROM supplement to the article: Insects reared from the wild fruits of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 98: 11-66.", "Coquillett, D. W. 1899. A new trypetid from Hawaii. Entomological News 10: 129-130.", "Couey, H. M., E. S. Linse, and A. N. Nakamura. 1984. Quarantine procedure for Hawaiian papayas using heat and cold treatments. Journal of Economic Entomology 77: 984-988.", "Couey, M. H., and C. F. Hayes. 1986. Quarantine procedure for Hawaiian papaya using fruit selection and a two-stage hot-water immersion. Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 1307-1314.", "Cunningham, R. T., and L. F. Steiner. 1972. Field trial of cue-lure + naled on saturated fiberboard blocks for the control of the melon fly by the male-annihilation technique. Journal of Economic Entomology 65: 505-507.", "Cunningham, R. T., L. F. Steiner, K. Ohinata, and G. J. Farias. 1970. Mortality of male melon flies and male Mediterranean fruit flies treated with aerial sprays of lure and naled formulated with a monoglyceride or siliceous extender. Journal of Economic Entomology 63: 106-110.", "De Meyer, M., H. Delatte, M. Mwatawala, S. Quilici, J.-F. Vayssieres, and M. Virgilio. 2015. A review of the current knowledge on Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa, with a list of species included in Zeugodacus. ZooKeys 540: 539-557.", "De Meyer, M., S. Mohamed, and I. M. White. 2014. Invasive fruit fly pests in Africa. 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Sapindus rarak DC. GRIN Nomen number: 33089 Family: Sapindaceae Native: ASIA-TEMPERATE - China: China - Yunnan; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; Indo-China: Indochina; Myanmar; Thailand; Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Dimocarpus longan Lour. subsp. longan GRIN Nomen number: 403166 Family: Sapindaceae Common Name: longan (English). Native: ASIA-TROPICAL - Indo-China: Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia. Field Infestation: Takeishi 1992 (“ Euphoria longan ”): Two fruits, confiscated at Narita Airport (Tokyo, Japan) from airline passengers from Thailand, were infested with B. latifrons., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Takeishi, H. 1992. A study on the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) found in the fresh fruits carried by passengers from Thailand to Narita airport, Japan. Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service, Japan 28: 75 - 78."]}

Gmelina philippensis Cham. GRIN Nomen number: 17832 Family: Lamiaceae Native: ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: India - Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Indo-China: Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Malesia: Indonesia - Lesser Sunda Islands; Malaysia; Philippines - Luzon, Mindanao, Panay. Cultivated: Asia: widespread in tropics, perhaps naturalized. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994), B. latifrons was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Malus domestica Borkh. GRIN Nomen number: 104681 Family: Rosaceae Common Name: Apfel (German), Apfelbaum (German), apple (English), äpple (Swedish), jabloko (Transliterated Russian), jablonja (Transliterated Russian), Kultur-Apfel (German), macieira (Portuguese), manzana (Spanish), manzano (Spanish), ping guo (Transcribed Chinese), pommier commun (French), ringo (Japanese R maji), sagwanamu (Transcribed Korean). Naturalized: sometimes naturalized. Cultivated: widely cultivated. Listing Only: Liquido et al. 1994 (includes the note that this is based on unpublished data of R. Drew); White and Elson-Harris 1992 (“probably aberrant host association”). Malus malus (L.) Britton, see Malus domestica Borkh. Malus pumila auct., see Malus domestica Borkh. Malus pumila var. domestica (Borkh.) C. K. Schneid., see Malus domestica Borkh. Malus sylvestris auct., see Malus domestica Borkh. Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf., see Malus domestica Borkh., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p."]}

Averrhoa carambola L. GRIN Nomen number: 6158 Family: Oxalidaceae Common Name: belimbing (Tagalog), carambola (English), carambolier (French), carambolo (Spanish), five-corner (English), karambola (Swedish), Karambole (German), starfruit (English), Sternfrucht (German). Native: ASIA-TROPICAL - Malesia: Indonesia – Java [possible origin here]. Cultivated: cultivated throughout tropics. Listing Only: Liquido et al. 1994 (note, though, that this paper includes the comment: “R. Drew [Queensland Dept. of Primary Industries, personal communication] contends that this is an erroneous record, probably based on misidentification of B. dorsalis ”); White and Elson-Harris 1992 (“a doubtful record”); Vijaysegaran 1991; Yunus and Ho 1980., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p.","Yunus, A., and T. H. Ho. 1980. Lists of economic pests, host plants, parasites and predators in West Malaysia (1920 - 1978). Bulletin No. 153. Ministry of Agriculture; Malaysia. 538 p."]}

Solanum linnaeanum Hepper and P.M. L. Jaeger GRIN Nomen number: 316356 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: apple-of-Sodom (English), black-spine nightshade (English), poison-apple (English), Sodom-apple (English), sodomsäpple (Swedish). Native: AFRICA - South Tropical Africa: Mozambique; Zimbabwe; Southern Africa: South Africa – Eastern Cape; Western Cape. Naturalized: AFRICA - Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores; Madeira Islands; Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; AUSTRALASIA - Australia: Australia; New Zealand: New Zealand; EUROPE - Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Southwestern Europe: France - Corsica; Portugal; Spain; PACIFIC - North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii; Southwestern Pacific: Fiji, New Caledonia. Field Infestation: Harris et al. 2003 (“ Solanum sodomeum L.”): From May 1991 to December 1992 and through 1995, a total of 7,557 fruits (194.4 kg) was collected on the Kalaupapa peninsula on the island of Molokai. 323 adult flies were recovered for an overall infestation rate of 2.12 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Liquido et al. 1992: Larval infestations of B. latifrons were found in S. linnaeanum at Kealakekua, Naalehu, Pahala, Puuwaawaa, South Point, Waimea, and Waikaloa on Hawaii Island. No infestation rate data given. Liquido et al. 1994 (“ Solanum sodomeum L.”): From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 9,853 fruits (101.1 kg) was collected on Hawaii Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 85 of 114 collections (74.6%) with overall infestation rate of 26.4 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 5,451 fruits (66.8 kg) was collected on Maui Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 56 of 100 collections (56.0%) with overall infestation rate of 7.40 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Mwatawala et al. (2009) (“ Solanum sodomeum L.”): Mostly after October 2006, a total of 338 fruits (9.50 kg) was collected in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 14 out of 23 collections (61%) with an overall average infestation rate of 11.76 emerged adults per kg fruit. Mziray et al. 2010b (“ Solanum sodomeum ”): From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of 336 fruits (8.09 kg) was collected from the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 19 of 37 collections (51.35%) with an overall infestation rate of 8.78 B. latifrons per kg of fruit (13.2 flies per kg infested fruits). Peck and McQuate 2004: In July 1999, a total of 304 fruits (5.5 kg) was collected on Maui Island (Hawaii, U.S.A.). Bactrocera latifrons was recovered with a median infestation rate of 81.0 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Uchida and Ramadan 1992: Adult B. latifrons were reared from fruits collected by G. K. Uchida and A. Arakaki in Kilohana, Molokai on June 20. 1990 (first B. latifrons record from the island of Molokai, Hawaii). Uchida et al. 1992: Adult B. latifrons (tentatively identified by J. W. Beardsley, and later confirmed by D. E. Hardy) were reared from fruits collected by M. Kido, R. Messing, M. M. Ramadan, and G. K. Uchida southwest of Ulupalakua near Puu Mahoe, at about 1900 feet elevation (East Maui, Hawaii) on 7 May, 1990 (1 st Maui record for B. latifrons). Listing Only: Hawaii Department of Agriculture 2009; Matsuyama et al. 2007., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Harris, E. J., N. J. Liquido, and C. Y. L. Lee. 2003. Patterns in appearance and fruit host utilization of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Kalaupapa Peninsula, Molokai, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 69 - 78.","Liquido, N. J., G. K. Uchida, and E. J. Harris. 1992. Notes and Exhibitions November 1990. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society 31: 31 - 32.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, R. H. Makundi, and A. P. Maerere. 2009. An overview of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions and their speculated dominancy over native fruit fly species in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology 6: 18 - 27.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76.","Peck, S. L., and G. T. McQuate. 2004. Ecological aspects of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Maui, Hawaii: movement and host preference. Environmental Entomology 33: 1722 - 1731.","Hawaii Department of Agriculture. 2009. Distribution and host records of agricultural pests and other organisms in Hawaii. Plant Pest Control Branch, Plant Industry Division, Hawaii Department of Agriculture; Honolulu, HI. 72 p.","Matsuyama, T., N. Mougi, T. Kohama. 2007. Influence of fruit ripeness of Solanum americanum on oviposition preference, larval performance and adult body size of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Research 37: (Suppl. 1) A 98 - A 152."]}

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. GRIN Nomen number: 21385 Family: Cucurbitaceae Common Name: acocote (Spanish), bag (Transcribed Korean), bottle gourd (English), cabaco (Portuguese), cajombre (Spanish), calabash (English), calabash gourd (English), calabaza (Spanish), calebassier (French), dudhi (India), Flaschenkürbis (German), gewöhnlicher Flaschenkürbis (German), gourde bouteille (French), guiro amargo (Spanish), hu lu (Transcribed Chinese), ipu (Hawaiian), upu (Hawaiian), white-flower gourd (English), white-flowered gourd (English). Native: AFRICA - South Tropical Africa: Zimbabwe; origin paleotropics. Naturalized: widely naturalized in tropics. Field Infestation: Liquido et al. 1994: From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 3 fruits (1.99 kg) was collected on Hawaii Island. B. latifrons was recovered from 1 of 2 collections (50%) with overall infestation rate of 1.00 B. latifrons per kg of fruit collected. Lagenaria vulgaris Ser., see Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84."]}

Lagerstroemia indica L. GRIN Nomen number: 21393 Family: Lythraceae Common Name: crape myrtle (English), crepe myrtle (English), crepeflower (English), escumilha (Portuguese-Brazil), lagerströmia (Swedish). Native: ASIA-TEMPERATE - China: China - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; Eastern Asia: Taiwan; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh; Nepal; Indo-China: Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam. Cultivated: widely cultivated. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Solanum stramoniifolium Jacq. GRIN Nomen number: 101399 Family: Solanaceae Native: SOUTHERN AMERICA - Caribbean: Trinidad and Tobago – Trinidad; Mesoamerica: Panama - Bocas del Toro; Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela; Brazil: Brazil - Amapa, Amazonas, Ceara, Maranhao, Roraima; Western South America: Colombia; Ecuador; Peru. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given. Solanum sudanense Hammerstein, see Solanum aethiopicum L. Solanum surattense Burm. F., see Solanum virginianum L., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Solanum granulosoleprosum Dunal GRIN Nomen number: 449896 Family: Solanaceae Native: SOUTHERN AMERICA- Brazil: Brazil - Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo; Southern South America: Argentina - Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe; Paraguay; Uruguay. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 2 samples. No infestation rate data given., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Solanum dulcamaroides Poir. GRIN Nomen number: 314198 Family: Solanaceae Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - central and southern Mexico; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Guatemala – Huehuetenango; Nicaragua. Field Infestation: Hardy 1973 (Solanum sarmentosum): From Malaya (part of present day Malaysia), B. latifrons was reared from S. sarmentosum. No infestation rate data given. Listing Only: Allwood et al. 1999 (S. sarmentosum); Liquido et al. (1994) (S. sarmentosum); Moiz et al. 1967 (S. sarmentosum); White and Elson-Harris 1992 (S. sarmentosum)., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. 1973. The fruit flies (Tephritidae Diptera) of Thailand and bordering countries. Pacific Insects Monograph 31: 1 - 353.","Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Moiz, S. A., A. S. Kazi, and G. M. Baloch. 1967. Fruit flies and their host records in Hyderabad region. West Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 98 - 102.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p."]}

Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach GRIN Nomen number: 12552 Family: Cucurbitaceae Common Name: hedgehog cucumber (English), hedgehog gourd (English), pepino diablito (Spanish), teasel gourd (English). Native: AFRICA - Northern Africa: Egypt [possibly native in southern Egypt]; Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; Somalia; Sudan [possibly native]; East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda; ASIA TEMPERATE - Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia. Naturalized: widely naturalized in tropics. Field Infestation: Mziray et al. 2010b: From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of 394 fruits (5.94 kg) was collected from the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 1 of 42 collections (2.38%) with an overall infestation rate of 0.17 B. latifrons per kg of fruit (45.45 flies per kg infested fruits). Cucumis dudaim L., see Cucumis melo L., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76."]}

Baccaurea motleyana (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg. GRIN Nomen number: 6223 Family: Phyllanthaceae Common Name: rambai (English), rambi (Filipino). Native: ASIA-TROPICAL - Malesia: Brunei; Indonesia - Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra; Malaysia: Sarawak. Cultivated: ASIA-TROPICAL - Malesia: Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia. Field Infestation: Hardy 1973: From Malaya (part of present day Malaysia), B. latifrons was reared from Baccaurea motleyana. No infestation rate data given. Listing Only: Liquido et al. 1994; Meksongsee et al. 1991 (plus, referred to this species by the common name “Mafai farang”); Moiz et al. 1967; White and Elson-Harris 1992 (“probably aberrant host association”). Benincasa cerifera Savi, see Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. 1973. The fruit flies (Tephritidae Diptera) of Thailand and bordering countries. Pacific Insects Monograph 31: 1 - 353.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Meksongsee, B., A. Liewvanich, and M. Jirasurtana. 1991. Fruit flies in Thailand, pp. 83 - 98. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Moiz, S. A., A. S. Kazi, and G. M. Baloch. 1967. Fruit flies and their host records in Hyderabad region. West Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 98 - 102.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p."]}

Solanum donianum Walp. GRIN Nomen number: 457032 Family: Solanaceae Native: NORTHERN AMERICA- Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Florida; Southern Mexico: Mexico - Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Belize; Guatemala; Caribbean: Bahamas. Field Infestation: Hardy 1973 (Solanum verbascifolium): From Malaya (part of present day Malaysia), B. latifrons was reared from S. verbascifolium. No infestation rate data given. Listing Only: Allwood et al. 1999; Liquido et al. 1994 (S. verbascifolium); Meksongsee et al. 1991 (S. verbascifolium Auct. [plus, referred to this species by the common name “Dabyang”]); Moiz et al. 1967 (S. verbascifolium); White and Elson-Harris 1992 (S. verbascifolium)., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. 1973. The fruit flies (Tephritidae Diptera) of Thailand and bordering countries. Pacific Insects Monograph 31: 1 - 353.","Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Meksongsee, B., A. Liewvanich, and M. Jirasurtana. 1991. Fruit flies in Thailand, pp. 83 - 98. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Moiz, S. A., A. S. Kazi, and G. M. Baloch. 1967. Fruit flies and their host records in Hyderabad region. West Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 98 - 102.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p."]}

Solanum mammosum L. GRIN Nomen number: 101356 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: Euter-Nachtschatten (German), käringtomat (Swedish), macawbush (English), nipplefruit (English), pig’s-ears (English). Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - southern Mexico; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua; Barbados; Cuba; Dominica; Guadeloupe; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Puerto Rico; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Northern South America: Venezuela; Brazil: Brazil [possibly native]; Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru. Naturalized: widely naturalized. Cultivated: SOUTHERN AMERICA - Brazil: Brazil Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given. Solanum melanocerasum All., see Solanum scabrum Mill., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Solanum nigrum L. GRIN Nomen number: 310124 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: black nightshade (English), blackberry nightshade (English), common nightshade (English), ‘enab el-deeb (Arabic), erva-moura (Portuguese), hierba mora (Spanish), morelle noire (French), pimenta-de-galinha (Portuguese-Brazil), poisonberry (English), popolo (Hawaiian), rva-moura (Portuguese-Brazil), schwarzer Nachtschatten (German). Native: AFRICA - Northern Africa: Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; ASIA-TEMPERATE - Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey; Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan; Siberia: Russian Federation - Altay, Western Siberia; Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; China: China; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: northern India; Nepal; Pakistan; EUROPE - Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom; Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland; East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Ukraine [incl. Krym]; Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania; Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain. Naturalized: AFRICA - Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea, Ethiopia; South Tropcal Africa: Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Southern Africa: Botswana; Namibia; South Africa - Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape, Western Cape; Swaziland; ASIA-TEMPERATE - Arabian Peninsula: Yemen; ASIA-TROPICAL - Malesia: Papua New Guinea; AUSTRALASIA - Australia: Australia; New Zealand: New Zealand; NORTHERN AMERICA - Canada; Mexico; United States; PACIFIC - North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii; Northwestern Pacific: Guam; Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Central America; Southern South America: Chile. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 8 samples. No infestation rate data given. Clarke et al. 2001: From 1986 to 1994, a total of 0.50 kg of infested fruits was collected in one region of Thailand (Chiang Mai). Collected fruits had an infestation rate of 384.9 B. latifrons per kg of infested fruits. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock. Liquido et al. 1994: From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 10,476 total fruits (2.64 kg) was collected on Hawaii Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 14 of 69 collections (20.3%) with an overall infestation rate of 373.2 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Mwatawala et al. 2009: Mostly after October 2006, a total of 5,920 fruits (2.90 kg) was collected in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 9 out of 34 collections (26%) with an overall average infestation rate of 43.99 emerged adults per kg fruit. Mziray et al. 2010b: From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of 4,785 fruits (2.02 kg) was collected from the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 21 of 44 collections (47.73%) with an overall infestation rate of 98.21 B. latifrons per kg of fruit (136.7 flies per kg infested fruits). Ramadan and Messing 2003: From January to February 1996, one collection of 70 fruits was made in Rattaphum, Thailand, from which 4 B. latifrons adults were recovered. Vargas and Nishida 1985a: From April to August 1984, a total of 935 fruits was collected from 2 locations on Oahu, Hawaii, from which 92 B. latifrons puparia were recovered, with an overall infestation rate of 641 B. latifrons per kg fruit. Listing Only: Hawaii Department of Agriculture 2009; CAB International 1996; Vargas and Nishida 1985a; Vargas and Nishida 1991; Vargas et al. 1990; White and Elson-Harris 1992; Yong 1993. Solanum nodiflorum Jacq., see Solanum americanum Mill. Solanum nutans Sessé and Moc., see Solanum dulcamaroides Poir. Solanum pierreanum Pailleux and Bois, see Solanum aethiopicum L., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Clarke, A. R., A. J. Allwood, A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, C. Hengsawad, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, and S. Vijaysegaran. 2001. Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera Macquart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49: 2, 207 - 220.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, R. H. Makundi, and A. P. Maerere. 2009. An overview of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions and their speculated dominancy over native fruit fly species in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology 6: 18 - 27.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76.","Ramadan, M. M., and R. H. Messing. 2003. A survey for potential biocontrol agents of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 115 - 122.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1985 a. Survey for Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1311 - 1314.","Hawaii Department of Agriculture. 2009. Distribution and host records of agricultural pests and other organisms in Hawaii. Plant Pest Control Branch, Plant Industry Division, Hawaii Department of Agriculture; Honolulu, HI. 72 p.","CAB International. 1996. Distribution maps of plant pests. Series A: Map no. 566 December 1996. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel). Map No. 566. C. A. B. International Institute of Entomology; London. Continually updated resource; updating loose-leaf.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1991. Spatial distribution of fruit flies in Hawaii: development of eradication strategies. p. 242 - 250. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Vargas, R. I., S. Mitchell, B. Fujita, and C. Albrecht. 1990. Rearing techniques for Dacus latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 30: 71 - 78.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p.","Yong, H. S. 1993. Allozyme variation in the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) from peninsular Malaysia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B. 106: 933 - 935."]}

Solanum torvum Sw. GRIN Nomen number: 101441 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: ärtaubergin (Swedish), berenjena cimarrona (Spanish), devil’s-fig (English), jurubeba (Portuguese-Brazil), pea eggplant (English), platebrush (English), pokak (Indonesia), shui qie (Transcribed Chinese), susumber (English), takokak (Indonesia), terong pipit (Malay), terongan (Spanish), Teufels-Nachtschatten (German), turkeyberry (English). Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - southern Mexico; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua; Barbados; Cuba; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Venezuela; Brazil: Brazil - Rio de Janeiro; Western South America: Colombia; Ecuador. Naturalized: widely naturalized elsewhere. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 145 samples. No infestation rate data given. Bokonon-Ganta et al. 2007: From October 2003 to August 2006, a total of 26,875 fruits (44.7 kg) was collected on Maui Island. 3,979 B. latifrons puparia were recovered from 14 collections with an overall infestation rate of 88.9 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. From October 2003 to August 2006, a total of 3,624 fruits (6.63 kg) was collected on Oahu Island. 1,634 B. latifrons puparia were recovered from 3 collections with an overall infestation rate of 246.6 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. From October 2003 to August 2006, a total of 9,899 fruits (20.8 kg) was collected on Hawaii Island. 897 B. latifrons puparia were recovered from 12 collections with an overall infestation rate of 43.2 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Clarke et al. 2001: From 1986 to 1994, a total of 23.3 kg of infested fruits was collected in four regions of Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Bangkok and Songkhla). Collected fruits had infestation rates of 49.2, 402.3, 105.7 and 73.9 B. latifrons per kg of infested fruits, respectively. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock. Liquido et al. 1994: From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 3,273 fruits (5.23 kg) was collected on Maui Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 4 of 7 collections (57.1%) with an overall infestation rate of 21.4 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. McQuate et al. 2007: From December 2003 to August 2004, a total of 24,164 turkey berry fruits was collected on Maui Island. 3,700 B. latifrons pupae were recovered. McQuate 2008: From November 2003 to July 2004, a total of 611 (1.08 kg) of “mature green” turkey berry fruits was collected from Iao Valley on Maui Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 3 of 3 collections (100%) and an overall infestation rate of 172.4 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. During this same period a total of 159 (0.25 kg) “ripe” turkey berry fruits was also collected. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 2 of 2 collections (100%) and an overall infestation rate of 190.3 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. From March 2003 to December 2005, a total of 16,080 (29.62 kg) “mature green” turkey berry fruits was collected from Haiku on Maui Island. B. latifrons was recovered in 29 of 30 collections (96.7%) and an overall infestation rate of 168.5 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. During this same period a total of 62,129 (101.1 kg) “ripe” turkey berry fruits was also collected with B. latifrons recovered in 34 of 35 collections (97.1%) with an average infestation rate of 316.8 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Peck and McQuate 2004: In July 1999, a total of 9,259 fruits (17.39 kg) was collected on Maui Island (Hawaii, U.S.A.). Bactrocera latifrons was recovered with a median infestation rate of 150.0 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Ramadan and Messing 2003: From January to February 1996 a total of 2.5 kg of fruits was collected from Hatyai, Rattaphum, Bannang, Yala, and Betong, Thailand, from which 28 B. latifrons adults were recovered, with an overall infestation rate of 11.2 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Listing Only: CAB International 1996; Clausen et al. 1965; Matsuyama et al. 2007; McQuate 2009; Vargas and Nishida 1985a; White and Elson-Harris 1992., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Bokonon-Ganta, A. H., G. T. McQuate, R. H. Messing. 2007. Natural establishment of a parasitoid complex on Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. Biological Control 42: 365 - 373.","Clarke, A. R., A. J. Allwood, A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, C. Hengsawad, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, and S. Vijaysegaran. 2001. Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera Macquart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49: 2, 207 - 220.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","McQuate, G. T., A. H. Bokonon-Ganta, and S. L. Peck. 2007. Population biology and prospects for suppression of the solanaceous fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 39: 111 - 115.","McQuate, G. T. 2008. Solanum torvum (Solanaceae), a new host of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 40: 71 - 75.","Peck, S. L., and G. T. McQuate. 2004. Ecological aspects of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Maui, Hawaii: movement and host preference. Environmental Entomology 33: 1722 - 1731.","Ramadan, M. M., and R. H. Messing. 2003. A survey for potential biocontrol agents of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 115 - 122.","CAB International. 1996. Distribution maps of plant pests. Series A: Map no. 566 December 1996. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel). Map No. 566. C. A. B. International Institute of Entomology; London. Continually updated resource; updating loose-leaf.","Clausen, C. P., D. W. Clancy, and Q. C. Chock. 1965. Biological control of the Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) and other fruit flies in Hawaii. Technical Bulletin no. 1322. United States Department of Agriculture; Washington, D. C. 102 p.","Matsuyama, T., N. Mougi, T. Kohama. 2007. Influence of fruit ripeness of Solanum americanum on oviposition preference, larval performance and adult body size of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Research 37: (Suppl. 1) A 98 - A 152.","McQuate, G. T. 2009. Effectiveness of GF- 120 NF fruit fly bait as a suppression tool for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 133: 444 - 448.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1985 a. Survey for Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1311 - 1314.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p."]}

Solanum scabrum Mill. GRIN Nomen number: 404901 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: garden-huckleberry (English), sträv nattskatta (Swedish). Cultivated: only cultivated. Field Infestation: Mwatawala et al. 2009: Mostly after October 2006, a total of 17,397 fruits (20.18 kg) was collected in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 34 out of 52 collections (65%) with an overall average infestation rate of 20.22 emerged adults per kg fruit. Mziray et al. 2010a: From April 2007 to March 2008, fruits were collected weekly, as available, at the Sokoine University of Agriculture horticulture unit (Tanzania), with an average monthly infestation rate (for months where B. latifrons was recovered) of 75.5 B. latifrons per kg fruit, with B. latifrons recovered from about 82.5% of collections. From February to April, 2008, a total of 289 B. latifrons adults was recovered from a total of 5,118 fruits (5.17 kg) collected from different elevations in the Morogoro region (Tanzania). There was an overall infestation rate of 55.9 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Mziray et al. 2010b: From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of 27,698 fruits (29.34 kg) was collected from the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 115 of 175 collections (65.71%) with an overall infestation rate of 63.12 B. latifrons per kg of fruit (61.73 flies per kg infested fruits). Solanum scalare C. H. Wright, see Solanum anguivi Lam., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, R. H. Makundi, and A. P. Maerere. 2009. An overview of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions and their speculated dominancy over native fruit fly species in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology 6: 18 - 27.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 a. Spatial and temporal abundance of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), in Morogoro, Tanzania. Crop Protection 29: 454 - 461.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76."]}

Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. GRIN Nomen number: 100446 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: Dutch eggplant (English), kikania (Hawaiian), lei kikania (Hawaiian), love-apple (English). Native: AFRICA - Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; East Tropical Africa: Tanzania, Uganda; West-Central Tropical Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Rwanda, Zaire; West Tropical Africa: Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone; South Tropical Africa: Malawi, Zambia; Southern Africa: Lesotho, South Africa - Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Western Cape; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Brazil: Brazil - Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo Southern South America: Paraguay - Guaira. Naturalized: ASIA-TEMPERATE - China: China; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent; India - Assam. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 197 samples. No infestation rate data given. Clarke et al. 2001: From 1986 to 1994, a total of 66.6 kg of infested fruits was collected in two regions of Thailand (Bangkok and Songkhla). Collected fruits had infestation rates of 41.4 and 81.8 B. latifrons per kg of infested fruits, respectively. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock. Harris et al. 2003: From May 1991 to December 1992, a total of 2,575 fruits (23.2 kg) was collected on the Kalaupapa peninsula on the island of Molokai. Nine adult flies were recovered for an overall infestation rate of 0.39 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Matsuzawa 1985: Three B. latifrons adults were recovered from a single lei made from fresh S. aculeatissimum fruits (“kikania-lei”) present in baggage at Narita airport in Tokyo, Japan. PestID 2011: Bactrocera latifrons was recovered by USDA-APHIS-PPQ from S. aculeatissimum fruits on two occasions at the airport in Honolulu, Hawaii (“interception”) (August 1995 and May 2000), with an average recovery of 1 living immature. Ramadan and Messing 2003: From January to February 1996 a total of 0.5 kg of fruits was collected from Hatyai, Rattaphum, and Betong, Thailand, from which 7 B. latifrons adults were recovered, with an overall infestation rate of 14.0 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Listing Only: Hawaii Department of Agriculture 2009; Harris et al. 2001; Liquido et al. 1994; Matsuzawa 1985; Vargas and Nishida 1985a., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Clarke, A. R., A. J. Allwood, A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, C. Hengsawad, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, and S. Vijaysegaran. 2001. Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera Macquart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49: 2, 207 - 220.","Harris, E. J., N. J. Liquido, and C. Y. L. Lee. 2003. Patterns in appearance and fruit host utilization of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Kalaupapa Peninsula, Molokai, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 69 - 78.","Matsuzawa, T. 1985. Malaysian fruit fly in Solanum aculeatissimum from Hawaii. Translation from Yokohama Plant Protection News No. 563 (1 Sept., 1984). An enclosure in a memorandum from E. T. Ozaki (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-IS) to H. S. Shirakawa (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-IS), 26 Feb., 1985.","Ramadan, M. M., and R. H. Messing. 2003. A survey for potential biocontrol agents of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 115 - 122.","Hawaii Department of Agriculture. 2009. Distribution and host records of agricultural pests and other organisms in Hawaii. Plant Pest Control Branch, Plant Industry Division, Hawaii Department of Agriculture; Honolulu, HI. 72 p.","Harris, E. J., N. J. Liquido, and J. P. Spencer. 2001. Distribution and host utilization of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 35: 55 - 66.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1985 a. Survey for Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1311 - 1314."]}

Mangifera altissima Blanco GRIN Nomen number: 23346 Family: Anacardiaceae Common Name: paho (Filipino), pahutan (Filipino). Native: ASIA-TROPICAL - Malesia: Indonesia - Celebes; Philippines. Field Infestation: Takeishi 1992: One fruit, confiscated at Narita Airport (Tokyo, Japan) from airline passengers from Thailand, was infested with B. latifrons., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Takeishi, H. 1992. A study on the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) found in the fresh fruits carried by passengers from Thailand to Narita airport, Japan. Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service, Japan 28: 75 - 78."]}

Trichosanthes cucumerina L. GRIN Nomen number: 40106 Family: Cucurbitaceae Common Name: annual gourd (English), club gourd (English), serpent gourd (English), serpentcucumber (English), snake gourd (English), viper’s gourd (English). Native: ASIA-TEMPERATE - China: China- Yunnan; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; Malesia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines; AUSTRALASIA - Australia: Australia- Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia. Listing Only: Agrawal and Mathur 1991 (“snake gourd”); Kapoor 1970 (“ Trichosanthes anguina ”; “snake gourd”); Kumar and Agarwal 2003 (“ Trichosanthes angurna [sic]”); Liquido et al. 1994; Moiz et al. 1967 (“snake gourd”); Narayanan and Batra 1960 (“”snake gourd”); Puttarudriah and Usman 1954 (“snake gourd”); Syed 1970; Udayagiri 1987 (“snake gourd”); Udayagiri and Mohan 1986 (“snake gourd”); Vargas and Nishida 1985a (“ Trichosanthes angurna L.”); White and Elson-Harris 1992 (“a doubtful record”)., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Agrawal, N., and Y. K. Mathur. 1991. The fruit fly problem associated with cultivated crops in India and their control. p. 140 - 151. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Kapoor, V. C. 1970. Indian Tephritidae with their recorded hosts. Oriental Insects 4: 2, 207 - 251.","Kumar, S., and M. L. Agarwal. 2003. Life history of solanum fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Tephritidae: Diptera). Insect Environment 9: 3, 111 - 112.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Moiz, S. A., A. S. Kazi, and G. M. Baloch. 1967. Fruit flies and their host records in Hyderabad region. West Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 98 - 102.","Narayanan, E. S., and H. N. Batra. 1960. Fruit flies and their control. Indian Council of Agricultural Research; New Delhi. 68 p.","Puttarudriah, M., and S. Usman. 1954. Mysore Dacinae and their natural parasites. Mysore Agric. 30: 257 - 260.","Syed, R. A. 1970. Studies on trypetids and their natural enemies in West Pakistan. Dacus species of lesser importance. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 2: 17 - 24.","Udayagiri, S. 1987. New records of natural enemies of the Malaysian fruit fly: Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 4: 1, 69 - 70.","Udayagiri, S., and N. J. Mohan. 1986. New records of insect pests associated with the medicinal plant Solanum viarum. Indian Drugs 23: 1 - 4.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1985 a. Survey for Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1311 - 1314.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p."]}

Ziziphus jujuba Miller GRIN Nomen number: 42282 Family: Rhamnaceae Common Name: açofeifeira (Portuguese), azufaifo (Spanish), Brustbeerbaum (German), Chinese jujube (English), Chinese-date (English), chinesische Dattel (German), common jujube (English), daechunamu (Transcribed Korean), jujube (English), Jujube (German), jujubier commun (French), kinesisk jujuber (Swedish), moetdaetschunamu (Transcribed Korean), natsume (Japanese R maji), suan zao (Transcribed Chinese), wu ci zao (Transcribed Chinese), zao (Transcribed Chinese). Native: ASIA-TEMPERATE - China: China - Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. Cultivated: AFRICA - Africa; ASIA-TEMPERATE - Western Asia: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq; China – China; Eastern Asia – Japan; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: India, Pakistan; EUROPE - Europe; NORTHERN AMERICA - North America; SOUTHERN AMERICA - South America. Field Infestation: Clausen et al. 1965: 135,734 tephritid fruit fly puparia were collected in Thailand from Ziziphus jujuba fruits as part of a program to identify and release biological control agents in Hawaii against oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). The puparia were primarily Carpomyia vesuviana, “with a fair number” of Bactrocera dorsalis “and an occasional” B. latifrons. Listing Only: Liquido et al. 1994; Vargas and Nishida 1985a., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Clausen, C. P., D. W. Clancy, and Q. C. Chock. 1965. Biological control of the Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) and other fruit flies in Hawaii. Technical Bulletin no. 1322. United States Department of Agriculture; Washington, D. C. 102 p.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1985 a. Survey for Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1311 - 1314."]}

Passiflora foetida L. GRIN Nomen number: 26968 Family: Passifloraceae Common Name: granadilla de culebra (Spanish), love-in-a-mist (English), love-in-a-mist passionflower (English), Marie-Gougeat (French), mossy passionflower (English), pasiflora hedionda (Spanish), running pop (English), stinkende Grenadille (German), stinking granadilla (English), stinking passionflower (English), stinking passionfruit (English), wild passionfruit (English), wild water-lemon (English). Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - South-Central U.S.A.: United States – Texas; Southwestern U.S.A.: United States – southern Arizona; Northern Mexico: Mexico - Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas; Southern Mexico: Mexico – Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Cuba; Dominica; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Puerto Rico; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Trinidad and Tobago; Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela; Brazil: Brazil; Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador [incl. Galapagos]; Peru; Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Paraguay; Uruguay. Naturalized: naturalized elsewhere in tropics. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 2 samples. No infestation rate data given. Passiflora foetida var. arizonica Killip, see Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora foetida var. hastata (Bertol.) Mast., see Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora foetida var. hibiscifolia (Lam.) Killip, see Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora foetida var. hispida (DC.) Killip ex Gleason, see Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora hastata Bertol., see Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora hibiscifolia Lam., see Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora hispida DC. ex Triana and Planch., see Passiflora foetida L. Pentagonia physalodes (L.) Hiern, see Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Physalis edulis Sims, see Physalis peruviana L., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Solanum violaceum Ortega GRIN Nomen number: 438920 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: ci tian qie (Transcribed Chinese). Native: ASIA-TEMPERATE - China: China - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan; Eastern Asia: Taiwan; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India: Sri Lanka; Indo-China: Thailand. Cultivated: ASIA-TROPICAL - Malesia: Philippines. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999 (“ S. sanitwongsei ”): From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 30 samples. No infestation rate data given. Clarke et al. 2001 (“ S. sanitwongsei ”): From 1986 to 1994, a total of 3.2 kg of infested fruits was collected in two regions of Thailand (Chiang Rai and Bangkok). Collected fruits had infestation rates of 291.2 and 184.3 B. latifrons per kg of infested fruits, respectively. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Clarke, A. R., A. J. Allwood, A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, C. Hengsawad, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, and S. Vijaysegaran. 2001. Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera Macquart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49: 2, 207 - 220."]}

Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight and Arn. GRIN Nomen number: 42289 Family: Rhamnaceae Native: ASIA-TEMPERATE - Western Asia: Afghanistan; Egypt - Sinai; Iran; Iraq; southern Israel; ASIA-TROPICAL - Indian Subcontinent: India; Pakistan. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 1 sample. No infestation rate data given. Ziziphus jujube var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow, see Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ziziphus rotundifolia Lam., see Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight and Arn. Ziziphus sativa Gaertn., see Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ziziphus spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow, see Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ziziphus vulgaris Lam., see Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ziziphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge, see Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) H. Karst., see Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92."]}

Solanum pimpinellifolium L. GRIN Nomen number: 406496 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: currant tomato (English), Johannisbeertomate (German), tomate cimarrón (Spanish), vinbärstomat (Swedish). Native: SOUTHERN AMERICA - Western South America: Ecuador - El Oro, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Los Rios, Pichincha; Peru - Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Piura, Tumbes. Naturalized: naturalized elsewhere beyond native range including the Galapagos Islands. Field Infestation: Clausen et al. 1965 (“ Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium ”): In June 1950 in South China, a total of 209 B. latifrons puparia was recovered from S. pimpinellifolium and shipped to Hawaii. Liquido et al. 1994 (“ Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium ”): From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 1,946 fruits (2.77 kg) was collected on Hawaii Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 7 of 16 collections (43.8%) with overall infestation rate of 30.9 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 249 fruits (0.28 kg) was collected on Maui Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 1 of 7 collections (14.3%) with overall infestation rate of 13.4 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Mziray et al. 2010b (“ Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium ”): From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of 293 fruits (61.7 kg) was collected from the Morogoro region of Tanzania. B. latifrons was recovered in 19 of 67 collections (28.36%) with an overall infestation rate of 14.5 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. (44.2 flies per kg infested fruits). Vargas and Nishida 1985a (“ L. pimpinellifolium ”) (Juslinius) Miller: From April to August 1984, a total of 237 fruit was collected in two locations on Oahu, Hawaii, from which one B. latifrons puparium was recovered. Listing Only: Vargas and Nishida 1985a; White and Elson- Harris 1992., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Clausen, C. P., D. W. Clancy, and Q. C. Chock. 1965. Biological control of the Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) and other fruit flies in Hawaii. Technical Bulletin no. 1322. United States Department of Agriculture; Washington, D. C. 102 p.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1985 a. Survey for Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1311 - 1314."]}

Solanum nigrescens M. Martens and Galeotti GRIN Nomen number: 404902 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: divine nightshade (English), dull popolo (Hawaiian). Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - Mexico; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Northern South America: Venezuela; Western South America: Colombia; Ecuador; Peru. Field Infestation: Liquido et al. 1994: From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 552 fruits (0.10 kg) was collected on Hawaii Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 1 of 8 collections (12.5%) with an overall infestation rate of 54.6 B. latifrons per kg of fruit., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84."]}

Momordica trifoliolata Hook. f. GRIN Nomen number: 24531 Family: Cucurbitaceae Native: AFRICA - Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; Somalia; East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda; South Tropical Africa: Mozambique; Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar. Field Infestation: Mziray et al. 2010b: From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of 1,085 fruits (8.81 kg) was collected from the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 3 of 56 collections (5.36%) with an overall infestation rate of 0.45 B. latifrons per kg of fruit (7.8 flies per kg infested fruits). Momordica zeylanica Mill., see Momordica charantia L., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76."]}

McQuate, Grant T., Liquido, Nicanor J. (2013): Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi 2013 (289): 1-61, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Agrawal, N., and Y. K. Mathur. 1991. The fruit fly problem associated with cultivated crops in India and their control. p. 140-151. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14-16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R.A.I. Drew, E.L. Hamacek, D.L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J.C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C.T.S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1-92.","Bokonon-Ganta, A. H., G. T. McQuate, R.H. Messing. 2007. Natural establishment of a parasitoid complex on Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. Biological Control 42: 365-373.","CAB International. 1996. Distribution maps of plant pests. Series A: Map no. 566 December 1996. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel). Map No. 566. C.A.B. International Institute of Entomology; London. Continually updated resource; updating loose-leaf.","California Department of Food and Agriculture. 1983. Efficient Orange County inspectors discover new fruit fly in Hawaii. Quarantine and exclusion pest interceptions - Insects. California Plant Pest and Disease Report 2: 80-81. [Available at ~ http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ppd/PDF/ CPPDR_1983_2_3.pdf. Last accessed October 2012.]","Carroll, L.E., I.M. White, A. Freidberg, A.L. Norrbom, M.J. Dallwitz, and F.C. Thompson. 2002 onwards. Pest fruit flies of the world. Version: 8th December 2006. [Available at ~ http://deltaintkey.com/ffa/www/bac_lati.htm. 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Biological control of the Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) and other fruit flies in Hawaii. Technical Bulletin no. 1322. United States Department of Agriculture; Washington, D.C. 102 p.","Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO). 2011. The solanum fruit fly [Available at ~ http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_c/a_3879.htm. Last accessed February 2011.]","De Meyer, M., S. Mohamed, and I. M. White. 2011. Invasive Fruit Fly Pests in Africa [Available at ~ www.africamuseum.be/fruitfly/AfroAsia.htm. Last accessed August 2011.]","Drew, R.A.I., D. J. Rodgers, S. Vijaysegaran, and C. J. Moore. 2008. Mating activity of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on its larval host plant Solanum mauritianum Scopoli in southeast Queensland. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98: 77-81.","Entomological Society of America. 2011. Common names of insects and related organisms [Available at ~ http://www.entsoc.org/pubs/common_names. Last accessed August 2011.]","Follett, P. A., J. W. Armstrong, and F.T. Zee. 2009. Host status of blueberry to invasive Tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 102: 1859-1863.","Follett, P. A., and F.T. Zee. 2011. Host status of Vaccinium reticulatum (Ericaceae) to invasive Tephritidae fruit flies in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 571-573.","Hardy, D. E. 1973. The fruit flies (Tephritidae Diptera) of Thailand and bordering countries. Pacific Insects Monograph 31: 1-353.","Harris, E.J. 1989. Hawaiian Islands and North America. p. 73 - 81. In: A. S. Robinson and G. Hooper (eds.). Fruit flies. Their biology, natural enemies and control. World Crop Pests, Vol. 3A. Elsevier Science Publishers; Amsterdam. 372 p.","Harris, E. J., and N. J. Liquido. 1995. Notes and Exhibitions (July 1991). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 32: 3.","Harris, E. J., N. J. Liquido, and C. Y. L. Lee. 2003. Patterns in appearance and fruit host utilization of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Kalaupapa Peninsula, Molokai, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 69-78.","Harris, E. J., N. J. Liquido, and J. P. Spencer. 2001. Distribution and host utilization of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 35: 55-66.","Hawaii Department of Agriculture. 2009. Distribution and host records of agricultural pests and other organisms in Hawaii. Plant Pest Control Branch, Plant Industry Division, Hawaii Department of Agriculture; Honolulu, HI. 72 p.","Hollis, S. and Brummitt, R.K. 1992. World geographical scheme for recording plant distributions. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation; Pittsburgh, PA. 104 p.","Ishida, T., S. Nakahara, K. Minoura, and T. Dohino. 2005. Development and reproductive ability of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Yonaguni island, Okinawa. Research Bulletin Plant Protection Service, Japan. 41: 39-42.","Jackson, C. G., R. I. Vargas, and D. Y. Suda. 2003. Populations of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its parasitoid, Psyttalia fletcheri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae), or ivy gourd, on the island of Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 39-46.","Kapoor, V.C. 1970. Indian Tephritidae with their recorded hosts. Oriental Insects 4: 2, 207-251.","Kapoor, V. C. 2002. Fruit - fly pests and their present status in India. p. 23-33. In: B. N. Barnes (ed.). Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Isteg Scientific Publications; Irene, South Africa. 510 p.","Kapoor, V. C. 2005. Taxonomy and biology of economically important fruit flies of India. Israel Journal of Entomology 35-36: 459-475.","Kapoor, V. C., and M. L. Agarwal. 1983. Fruit flies and their increasing host plants in India. p. 252- 257. In: R. Cavalloro (ed.). Proceedings of the CEC - IOBC international Symposium, Athens, Greece, 16-19 November, 1982. A. A. Balkema; Rotterdam. 642 p.","Kumar, S., and M. L. Agarwal. 2003. Life history of solanum fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Tephritidae: Diptera). Insect Environment 9: 3, 111-112.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L.A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71-84.","Liquido, N. J., G. T. McQuate, and K. Suiter. 2013. MEDHOST: An encyclopedic bibliography of the host plants of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), version 1.1. Center for Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC. 2013. Available online at: https://www.gpdd.info/MedHost.","Liquido, N. J., and R. T. Cunningham. 1991. Ecological considerations in eradicating exotic fruit fly introductions. pp 219-225. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14-16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Liquido, N. J., L. A. Shinoda, and R. T. Cunningham. 1991. Host plants of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): An annotated world review. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America 77: 1-52.","Liquido, N. J., G. K. Uchida, and E.J. Harris. 1992. Notes and Exhibitions November 1990. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society 31: 31-32.","Matsumoto, T., H. Yamashita, T. Murakami, and E. Aihaha. 1992. Study on fruit flies of importprohibited fresh fruits intercepted at Osaka International Airport. Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service 27: 21-25.","Matsuyama, T., N. Mougi, T. Kohama. 2007. Influence of fruit ripeness of Solanum americanum on oviposition preference, larval performance and adult body size of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomological Research 37: (Suppl. 1) A98-A152.","Matsuzawa, T. 1985. Malaysian fruit fly in Solanum aculeatissimum from Hawaii. Translation from Yokohama Plant Protection News No. 563 (1 Sept., 1984). An enclosure in a memorandum from E. T. Ozaki (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-IS) to H. S. Shirakawa (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-IS), 26 Feb., 1985.","McQuate, G. T. 2008. Solanum torvum (Solanaceae), a new host of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 40: 71-75.","McQuate, G. T. 2009. Effectiveness of GF-120NF fruit fly bait as a suppression tool for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 133: 444-448.","McQuate, G. T., A. H. Bokonon-Ganta, and S. L. Peck. 2007. Population biology and prospects for suppression of the solanaceous fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 39: 111-115.","Meksongsee, B., A. Liewvanich, and M. Jirasurtana. 1991. Fruit flies in Thailand, pp. 83-98. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14-16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Moiz, S. A., A. S. Kazi, and G. M. Baloch. 1967. Fruit flies and their host records in Hyderabad region. West Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 98-102.","Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, R. H. Makundi, and A. P. Maerere. 2009. An overview of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions and their speculated dominancy over native fruit fly species in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology 6: 18-27.","Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, I. M. White, A. Maerere, and R.H. Makundi. 2007. Detection of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in Tanzania (Dipt., Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 131: 501-503.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010a. Spatial and temporal abundance of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), in Morogoro, Tanzania. Crop Protection 29: 454-461.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70-76.","Narayanan, E. S., and H. N. Batra. 1960. Fruit flies and their control. Indian Council of Agricultural Research; New Delhi. 68 p.","Peck, S. L., and G. T. McQuate. 2004. Ecological aspects of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Maui, Hawaii: movement and host preference. Environmental Entomology 33: 1722-1731.","Perkins, F. A. 1938. Studies in Oriental and Australian Trypaneidae - part 2. Adraminae and Dacinae from India, Ceylon, Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands, and Formosa. The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 49: 120-144.","PestID. 2011. Pest Identification (PestID) database. USDA-APHIS, Riverdale, MD. Last accessed 29 August 2011. Database access is restricted, but a copy of the interception records reported here can be obtained from the senior author.","Puttarudriah, M., and S. Usman. 1954. Mysore Dacinae and their natural parasites. Mysore Agric. 30: 257-260.","Ramadan, M. M., and R. H. Messing. 2003. A survey for potential biocontrol agents of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 115-122.","Rydeheard, D. E. 2011. Angiosperms: The flowering plants. A chart of flowering plant families [Available at ~ http://www.botanicalchart.org.uk. Last accessed June 2012.]","Satoh, I., M. Yamabe, S. Satoh, and A. Ohki. 1985. Study on the frequency of finding of the fruit flies infesting the fruits imported as air baggage. Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service Japan 21: 71-73.","Shimizu, Y., T. Kohama, T. Uesato, T. Matsuyama, and M. Yamagishi. 2007. Invasion of solanum fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Yonaguni Island, Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 42: 2, 269-275.","Somta, C., A. Winotai, and P.A.C. Ooi. 2010. Fruit flies reared from Terminalia catappa in Thailand. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 13: 27-30.","Syed, R. A. 1970. Studies on trypetids and their natural enemies in West Pakistan. Dacus species of lesser importance. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 2: 17-24.","Symonds, M. R. E., A. Moussalli, and M.A. Elgar 2009. The evolution of sex pheromones in an ecologically diverse genus of flies. 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Solanum aethiopicum L. GRIN Nomen number: 100448 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: aubergine amère (French), Chinese scarlet eggplant (English), gilo (English), jilo (Portuguese-Brazil), kumba (English), röd aubergin (Swedish), scarlet eggplant (English), shum (English), tomato-fruit eggplant (English). Cultivated: AFRICA- Africa. Field Infestation: Mwatawala et al. 2007: From February to October 2006, a total of 464 S. aethiopicum fruits (8.55 kg) was collected at several different localities in Tanzania. 197 adult B. latifrons were recovered from 18 of the collections with an overall infestation rate of 39.9 B. latifrons per kg of fruit collected, averaged over the 18 collections with B. latifrons recovery. Mwatawala et al. 2009: Mostly after October 2006, a total of 3,164 fruits (30.56 kg) was collected in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 60 out of 83 collections (72%) with an overall average infestation rate of 43.8 emerged adults per kg fruit. Mziray et al. 2010a: From April 2007 to March 2008, fruits were collected weekly, as available, at the Sokoine University of Agriculture horticulture unit (Tanzania), with an average monthly infestation rate (for months where B. latifrons was recovered) of 59.1 B. latifrons per kg fruit, with B. latifrons recovered from about 68.5% of collections. Mziray et al. 2010a: From February to April 2008, a total of 292 B. latifrons adults was recovered from a total of 685 fruits (12.6 kg) collected from different elevations in the Morogoro region (Tanzania). There was an overall infestation rate of 23.2 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. Mziray et al. 2010b: From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of 3,411 fruits (61.18 kg) was collected from the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 157 of 228 collections (68.9%) with an overall infestation rate of 36.94 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. (45.0 flies per kg infested fruits) (Given the common name “African eggplant” in the paper, but this common name also attributed to Solanum anguivi and S. macrocarpon). Listing Only: McQuate 2009., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on page 25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, I. M. White, A. Maerere, and R. H. Makundi. 2007. Detection of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in Tanzania (Dipt., Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 131: 501 - 503.","Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, R. H. Makundi, and A. P. Maerere. 2009. An overview of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions and their speculated dominancy over native fruit fly species in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology 6: 18 - 27.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 a. Spatial and temporal abundance of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), in Morogoro, Tanzania. Crop Protection 29: 454 - 461.","Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76.","McQuate, G. T. 2009. Effectiveness of GF- 120 NF fruit fly bait as a suppression tool for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 133: 444 - 448."]}

Capsicum annuum L. GRIN Nomen number: 8904 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: aji (Spanish), American bird pepper(English), bell pepper (English), bird pepper (English), capsicum pepper (English), Cayenne pepper (English), Cayennepfeffer (German), cherry pepper (English), chile (Spanish), chile pequin (Spanish), chili pepper (English), chilipiquin (Spanish), chiltepe (Spanish), chiltepin (Spanish), cone pepper (English), Gemüsepaprika (German), gochu (Transcribed Korean), green capsicum (English-Australia), green pepper (English), guindilla (Spanish), jalapeno (Spanish), la liao (Transcribed Chinese), long pepper (English), paprika (English), pasilla (Spanish), peperone (Italian), piment annuel (French), piment doux (French), pimentão (Portuguese), pimento pepper (English), pimiento (Spanish), piquin (Spanish), poblano (Spanish), poivre de Cayenne (French), poivre d’Espagne (French), poivron (French), poivron doux (French), red capsicum (English), red cone pepper (English), red pepper (English), Serrano (Spanish), spanischer Pfeffer (German), sweet pepper (English), t -gara-shi (Japanese R maji), turkey pepper (English). Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Florida, eastern Georgia, Louisiana; South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas; Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - southern Arizona; Mexico; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Caribbean: Anguilla; Bahamas; Barbados; Cayman Islands; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Netherlands Antilles; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Western South America: Colombia. Naturalized: naturalized elsewhere. Cultivated: widely cultivated. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 123 samples. No infestation rate data given. Clarke et al. 2001: From 1986 to 1994, a total of 27.8 kg of infested fruits was collected from four regions of Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Bangkok and Songkhla). Collected fruits had infestation rates of 49.0, 30.3, 157.9 and 43.6 B. latifrons per kg of infested fruits, respectively. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock. Harris et al. 2001: From July 1992, a total of 15 “green bell pepper” fruits was collected from Kekaha on the island of Kauai. A total of 9 B. latifrons puparia was recovered. Liquido et al. 1994: From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 5,066 fruits (26.4 kg) on-shrub was collected on Hawaii Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 9 of 71 collections (12.7%) with an overall infestation rate of 300.9 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. 1,231 total fruits (5.82 kg) on-ground was also collected. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 4 of 22 collections (18.2%) with an overall infestation rate of 139.1 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. PestID 2011: Bactrocera latifrons was recovered by USDA-APHIS-PPQ (“interceptions”) from C. annuum at airports in Hawaii on 12 occasions (Hilo – 1; Honolulu – 7; Kahului – 3; Kailua-Kona-1) between 1985 and 2004. Average recovery was 6.8 living immature (larvae), 0.25 living puparia, and 1.08 living adults. Shimizu et al. 2007 (Capsicum annuum L.): From May 1999 to July 2004, a total of 10,778 fruits (common name listed as: ‘red pepper’) was collected from Yonaguni Island, Japan from which a total of 3 B. latifrons was recovered. Takeishi 1992: 313 fruits, confiscated at Narita Airport (Tokyo, Japan) from airline passengers from Thailand, were infested with B. latifrons. Vargas and Nishida 1985a: From April to August 1984, a total of 847 fruits was collected from 7 locations on Oahu, Hawaii, with the recovery of 180 B. latifrons puparia. Vargas and Nishida 1985b: B. latifrons adults used in laboratory studies were reared from infested peppers collected at Pearl City, Oahu. Vargas et al. 1990: A B. latifrons colony was established in the laboratory from infested peppers (C. annuum L.) collected in Pearl City in 1984. Lab Infestation: Follett et al. 2009: Two – three ‘Anaheim’ peppers were exposed in a cage to 50 gravid female B. latifrons and replicated 12 times, exposing a total of 27 fruits (1.83 kg), overall. Average infestation per replication was 720 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. McQuate 2009 (variety ‘Anaheim’): Plants were held in field cages to which 75 male and 75 female sexually mature adult B. latifrons were added. Based on control plant data and data from treatment plants (bait spray trial) before the bait spray was applied, a total of 404 fruits (9.16 kg) was harvested from a total of twelve fruit collections, each collection with infested fruits. A total of 3,763 B. latifrons pupae was recovered, for an average infestation rate of 451.4 pupae per kg fruit, averaged over the 12 collections. Vargas and Nishida 1985a: Life history and demographic parameters of B. latifrons was determined using B. latifrons individuals reared in the laboratory on pepper, Capsicum annuum L. Listing Only: Bokonon-Ganta et al. 2007; CAB International 1996; Harris 1989; Hawaii Department of Agriculture 2009; Meksongsee et al. 1991 (“chilli”); Mwatawala et al. 2007; Vargas and Nishida 1985b; Vargas and Nishida 1991; Vargas et al. 1990; Vijaysegaran 1991; Vijaysegaran and Osman 1991; White and Elson-Harris 1992; Yong 1993; Yunus and Ho 1980., Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793, {"references":["Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Clarke, A. R., A. J. Allwood, A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, C. Hengsawad, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, and S. Vijaysegaran. 2001. Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera Macquart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49: 2, 207 - 220.","Harris, E. J., N. J. Liquido, and J. P. Spencer. 2001. Distribution and host utilization of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 35: 55 - 66.","Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84.","Shimizu, Y., T. Kohama, T. Uesato, T. Matsuyama, and M. Yamagishi. 2007. Invasion of solanum fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Yonaguni Island, Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 42: 2, 269 - 275.","Takeishi, H. 1992. A study on the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) found in the fresh fruits carried by passengers from Thailand to Narita airport, Japan. Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service, Japan 28: 75 - 78.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1985 a. Survey for Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1311 - 1314.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida 1985 b. Life history and demographic parameters of Dacus latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1242 - 1244.","Vargas, R. I., S. Mitchell, B. Fujita, and C. Albrecht. 1990. Rearing techniques for Dacus latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 30: 71 - 78.","Follett, P. A., J. W. Armstrong, and F. T. Zee. 2009. Host status of blueberry to invasive Tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 102: 1859 - 1863.","McQuate, G. T. 2009. Effectiveness of GF- 120 NF fruit fly bait as a suppression tool for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 133: 444 - 448.","Bokonon-Ganta, A. H., G. T. McQuate, R. H. Messing. 2007. Natural establishment of a parasitoid complex on Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. Biological Control 42: 365 - 373.","CAB International. 1996. Distribution maps of plant pests. Series A: Map no. 566 December 1996. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel). Map No. 566. C. A. B. International Institute of Entomology; London. Continually updated resource; updating loose-leaf.","Harris, E. J. 1989. Hawaiian Islands and North America. p. 73 - 81. In: A. S. Robinson and G. Hooper (eds.). Fruit flies. Their biology, natural enemies and control. World Crop Pests, Vol. 3 A. Elsevier Science Publishers; Amsterdam. 372 p.","Hawaii Department of Agriculture. 2009. Distribution and host records of agricultural pests and other organisms in Hawaii. Plant Pest Control Branch, Plant Industry Division, Hawaii Department of Agriculture; Honolulu, HI. 72 p.","Meksongsee, B., A. Liewvanich, and M. Jirasurtana. 1991. Fruit flies in Thailand, pp. 83 - 98. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, I. M. White, A. Maerere, and R. H. Makundi. 2007. Detection of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in Tanzania (Dipt., Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 131: 501 - 503.","Vargas, R. I., and T. Nishida. 1991. Spatial distribution of fruit flies in Hawaii: development of eradication strategies. p. 242 - 250. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p.","Vijaysegaran, S., and M. S. Osman. 1991. Fruit flies in Peninsular Malaysia: Their economic importance and control strategies. p. 105 - 115. In: K. Kawasaki, O. Iwahashi, and K. Y. Kaneshiro (eds.). Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Biology and Control of Fruit Flies, 2 - 4 September, 1991, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, University of the Ryukyus and the Okinawa Prefectural Government; Okinawa, Japan. 360 p.","White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p.","Yong, H. S. 1993. Allozyme variation in the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) from peninsular Malaysia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B. 106: 933 - 935.","Yunus, A., and T. H. Ho. 1980. Lists of economic pests, host plants, parasites and predators in West Malaysia (1920 - 1978). Bulletin No. 153. Ministry of Agriculture; Malaysia. 538 p."]}

Capsicum annuum L. GRIN Nomen number: 8904 Family: Solanaceae Common Name: aji (Spanish), American bird pepper(English), bell pepper (English), bird pepper (English), capsicum pepper (English), Cayenne pepper (English), Cayennepfeffer (German), cherry pepper (English), chile (Spanish), chile pequin (Spanish), chili pepper (English), chilipiquin (Spanish), chiltepe (Spanish), chiltepin (Spanish), cone pepper (English), Gemüsepaprika (German), gochu (Transcribed Korean), green capsicum (English-Australia), green pepper (English), guindilla (Spanish), jalapeno (Spanish), la liao (Transcribed Chinese), long pepper (English), paprika (English), pasilla (Spanish), peperone (Italian), piment annuel (French), piment doux (French), pimentão (Portuguese), pimento pepper (English), pimiento (Spanish), piquin (Spanish), poblano (Spanish), poivre de Cayenne (French), poivre d’Espagne (French), poivron (French), poivron doux (French), red capsicum (English), red cone pepper (English), red pepper (English), Serrano (Spanish), spanischer Pfeffer (German), sweet pepper (English), t -gara-shi (Japanese R maji), turkey pepper (English). Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Florida, eastern Georgia, Louisiana; South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas; Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - southern Arizona; Mexico; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Caribbean: Anguilla; Bahamas; Barbados; Cayman Islands; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Netherlands Antilles; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Western South America: Colombia. Naturalized: naturalized elsewhere. Cultivated: widely cultivated. Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 123 samples. No infestation rate data given. Clarke et al. 2001: From 1986 to 1994, a total of 27.8 kg of infested fruits was collected from four regions of Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Bangkok and Songkhla). Collected fruits had infestation rates of 49.0, 30.3, 157.9 and 43.6 B. latifrons per kg of infested fruits, respectively. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock. Harris et al. 2001: From July 1992, a total of 15 “green bell pepper” fruits was collected from Kekaha on the island of Kauai. A total of 9 B. latifrons puparia was recovered. Liquido et al. 1994: From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 5,066 fruits (26.4 kg) on-shrub was collected on Hawaii Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 9 of 71 collections (12.7%) with an overall infestation rate of 300.9 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. 1,231 total fruits (5.82 kg) on-ground was also collected. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 4 of 22 collections (18.2%) with an overall infestation rate of 139.1 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. PestID 2011: Bactrocera latifrons was recovered by USDA-APHIS-PPQ (“interceptions”) from C. annuum at airports in Hawaii on 12 occasions (Hilo – 1; Honolulu – 7; Kahului – 3; Kailua-Kona-1) between 1985 and 2004. Average recovery was 6.8 living immature (larvae), 0.25 living puparia, and 1.08 living adults. Shimizu et al. 2007 (Capsicum annuum L.): From May 1999 to July 2004, a total of 10,778 fruits (common name listed as: ‘red pepper’) was collected from Yonaguni Island, Japan from which a total of 3 B. latifrons was recovered. Takeishi 1992: 313 fruits, confiscated at Narita Airport (Tokyo, Japan) from airline passengers from Thailand, were infested with B. latifrons. Vargas and Nishida 1985a: From April to August 1984, a total of 847 fruits was collected from 7 locations on Oahu, Hawaii, with the recovery of 180 B. latifrons puparia. Vargas and Nishida 1985b: B. latifrons adults used in laboratory studies were reared from infested peppers collected at Pearl City, Oahu. Vargas et al. 1990: A B. latifrons colony was established in the laboratory from infested peppers (C. annuum L.) collected in Pearl City in 1984. Lab Infestation: Follett et al. 2009: Two – three ‘Anaheim’ peppers were exposed in a cage to 50 gravid female B. latifrons and replicated 12 times, exposing a total of 27 fruits (1.83 kg), overall. Average infestation per replication was 720 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. McQuate 2009 (variety ‘Anaheim’): Plants were held in field cages to which 75 male and 75 female sexually mature adult B. latifrons were added. Based on control plant data and data from treatment plants (bait spray trial) before the bait spray was applied, a total of 404 fruits (9.16 kg) was harvested from a total of twelve fruit collections, each collection with infested fruits. A total of 3,763 B. latifrons pupae was recovered, for an average infestation rate of 451.4 pupae per kg fruit, averaged over the 12 collections. Vargas and Nishida 1985a: Life history and demographic parameters of B. latifrons was determined using B. latifrons individuals reared in the laboratory on pepper, Capsicum annuum L. Listing Only: Bokonon-Ganta et al. 2007; CAB International 1996; Harris 1989; Hawaii Department of Agriculture 2009; Meksongsee et al. 1991 (“chilli”); Mwatawala et al. 2007; Vargas and Nishida 1985b; Vargas and Nishida 1991; Vargas et al. 1990; Vijaysegaran 1991; Vijaysegaran and Osman 1991; White and Elson-Harris 1992; Yong 1993; Yunus and Ho 1980.