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Identification key to the genus Aquilegia in Russia 1. Stems glaucous, in the upper part glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple hairs; seed surface striate.......................................2 - Stems green, in the upper part with glandular and sometimes simple hairs; seed surface smooth, striate or tuberculate.................5 2(1). Flowers small, 1.3–1.8 cm in diameter; spurs not inflated at base................................................................................. A. synakensis + Flowers large, 2–7 cm in diameter; spurs inflated at base..................................................................................................................3 3(2). Follicles 5, glabrous (plants from Siberia).......................................................................................................................... A. sibirica - Follicles 4–8, sparsely pubescent with simple hairs (plants from Far East Russia)...........................................................................4 4(3). Leaves thin, green adaxially, greyish abaxially; sepals acuminate at apex; anthers yellow............................................ A. amurensis - Leaves thick, dark green with brighter nerves adaxially, greyish abaxially; sepals rounded at apex; anthers blackish.. A. flabellata 5. Seeds with tuberculate surface, dull...................................................................................................................................................6 - Seeds with striate or smooth surface, glossy....................................................................................................................................12 6. Flowers 5–10......................................................................................................................................................................................7 - Flowers 1–4........................................................................................................................................................................................8 7(6). Sepals shorter than petal laminae; laminae broadly rounded at apex, spurs bent outwards from the flower axis; vegetative parts of plant having a strong smell.............................................................................................................................................. A. aradanica - Sepals equal to or longer than petal laminae; laminae blunted at apex, spurs parallel to flower axis; plant without strong smell................................................................................................................................................................................................. A. grubovii 8(6). Flowers> 4 cm in diameter, blue or 2-coloured (sepals blue, laminae white or yellowish); stamens shorter than laminae, anthers yellow; follicles (5)6–15, style 0.6–1 cm long..................................................................................................................................9 - Flowers 1–4 cm in diameter, yellowish green, dark purple, or 2-coloured (sepals pale blue or lilac-blue, petals purple to violet); stamens longer than laminae; follicles 5, styles 0.7–1.5 cm long...................................................................................................10 9. Flowers blue; sepals spreading; laminae ovate, spreading, tips bent inwards............................................................... А. glandulosa - Flowers 2-coloured (sepals and spurs blue, petal laminae white or yellowish); sepals perpendicular to floral axis; laminae oblong, suberect or parallel to floral axis, tips bent outwards......................................................................................................... A. jucunda 10(5). Flowers 2-coloured (sepals and spurs blue, petal laminae white or yellowish), spurs straight or bent to one side, swollen at the base; petal laminae rounded, do not close at the edges, narrowed at apex.......................................................................... A. turczaninovii - Flowers yellowish green, dark purple or 2-coloured (sepals pale blue or lilac-blue, petals purple to violet); spurs straight or bent outwards; petal laminae blunt, closed by the edges.........................................................................................................................11 11(10). Flowers yellowish green or dark purple; sepals shorter than or nearly equal to petal laminae, rounded at apex; laminae broadly spatulate.......................................................................................................................................................................... A. viridiflora - Flowers 2-coloured (sepals pale blue or lilac-blue, petals purple to violet); sepals longer than petal laminae, acute to obtuse or acuminate at apex; laminae broadly truncate................................................................................................................... A. kamelinii 12(5). Plant with long thick diageotropic rhizome branched into thinner vertically growing rhizomes; petal laminae strongly ventrally folded.............................................................................................................................................................................. A. parviflora - Plant with short erect rhizome (taproot); petal laminae not folded.................................................................................................13 15(13). Anthers blackish...............................................................................................................................................................................16 - Anthers yellow..................................................................................................................................................................................21 16. Flowers creamy (white) or 2-coloured (sepals and spurs dark purple or dark red, laminae yellow or yellowish white)................17 - Flowers purple, violet, blue or 2-coloured (sepals and spurs blue, laminae white or purplish white).............................................18 17(16). Flowers creamy; laminae 1.5–2 cm long; spurs curved.................................................................................................. A. ganboldii - Flowers 2-coloured (sepals dark purple or dark red, laminae yellow or yellowish white); laminae 1–1.3 cm long; spurs hooked, rarely curved.................................................................................................................................................................... A. oxysepala 18(16). Flowers 2-coloured (sepals and spurs blue, laminae white, yellowish or whitish blue) (plants from Caucasian part of Russia)................................................................................................................................................................................................... A. olympica - Flowers blue, light violet, dark red or dark purple...........................................................................................................................19 19(18) Flowers dark red or dark purple, laminae bent outwards; filaments red-garnet, red violet; stamens longer that laminae (Irkutsk Oblast, not native)................................................................................................................................................................. A. atrata - Flowers blue, light violet or violet, laminae parallel to floral axis; filaments white; stamens equal to or shorter than laminae.....20 20(19) Inflorescence 1–4-flowered; flowers 3–6 cm in diameter; laminae rounded at the apex; spurs thin, often coiled; stamens slightly longer than to about as long as laminae (plants from Far East Russia)........................................................................... A. barykinae - Inflorescence usually> 4-flowered; flowers 2–3.5 cm in diameter; laminae blunted at the apex; spurs inflated, slightly curved; stamens not longer than laminae (not native)...................................................................................................................... A.vulgaris 21(15) Flowers concolored, blue or blue-violet, 5–6.5 cm long; spurs straight, inflated at base, 1–1.2 cm long (plants from Far East Russia)............................................................................................................................................................................ A. ochotensis - Flowers 2-colored, (sepals and spurs blue, petal laminae white or yellowish), 2.5–4 cm long; spurs divergent, crescent-curved inwards, not inflated at base, 1.5–3 cm long.................................................................................................................... A. borodinii Note:—The taxonomic status of Aquilegia kubanica Vassiljeva (1992: 1765) should be verified by a set of methods, and additional herbarium materials should be studied., Published as part of Erst, Andrey S., Shaulo, Dmitry N., Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj, Choi, Hyeok Jae, Kaigalov, Igor V., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Maltseva, Svetlana Yu., Lian, Lian & Wang, Wei, 2022, First record of Aquilegia grubovii (Ranunculaceae) for Russia and key to all currently known species in the country, pp. 213-219 in Phytotaxa 576 (2) on pages 217-218, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7461391, {"references":["Vassiljeva, I. M. (1992) Aquilegia kubanica (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Caucasus. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) [St. Petersburg] 76: 1765. [in Russian]"]}

Aquilegia grubovii Erst et al. (2016: 30). Fig. 1A, B. Type:— MONGOLIA. Eastern Khentii Mountains, upstream of Kerulen and Onon river, bare rocky peaks, NNO to Khentii-Han, western slope, among the boulders, 26 July 1928, N. P . and V. A. Ikonnikov-Galitskiy 546 (holotype and isotype LE!). Description:—Perennial herb with short vertical taproot, simple or branched, bearing 3–9 flowering stems. Aerial stems 20–75 cm high, erect, proximally sparsely pubescent with simple hairs, distally glandular-pubescent, at base with dried leaves of the previous year. Basal leaves 5–25 cm long, ternate or 2-ternate, petioles 4–15 cm long, pubescent with short glandular and simple hairs; second order leaflets widely obovate or rounded, 3-lobed or 3-partite; lobes 5–13, rounded or obtuse. Lower cauline leaves 7–18 cm long, ternate or 2–ternate, petioles 4–9 cm long, covered with simple and glandular hairs; nerves of the blades sparsely pubescent with simple and glandular hairs on the lower page; second order leaflets obovate or rounded, 3–5-lobed or separate; lobes 5–15, rounded. Upper cauline leaves 1–6 cm long, ternate or simple, deeply 3-partite, petioles 0.2–1.5 cm long. Bracts 1-ternate to simple, 1–3-fid or partite, with lanceolate or triangular, acute or almost rounded segments; lobes 3–5, rounded or obtuse. Upper cauline leaves and bracts pubescent with short glandular and simple hairs. Flowers 1.5–2.2 cm long, 1.8–3 cm in diameter. Sepals lanceolate or oblong-triangular, acuminate at apex, blue-purple or blue, 0.8–1.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent on the edges. Petals 2-colored, spur blue or purple, 1.5–3 cm long, inflated at the base, cone-shaped, curved or hooked; petal laminae obovate, apex rounded or truncate, white or pale yellow, 1–4 mm shorter than the stamens. Filaments pale cream or white, anthers lemon yellow. Carpels 5–7. Follicles pubescent with short glandular and simple hairs 1–1.5 cm long, styles 4–10 mm long, hooked. Seeds 1.5–2 mm long, surface tuberculate. Notes: — Aquilegia grubovii could be a stable hybridogenous species. This species is morphologically close to A. oxysepala and A. ganboldii. They have the same characters of sepals (lanceolate with an acute tip) and mixed type of pubescence (simple hairs and glandular trichomes). In addition, A. grubovii is related to A. sibirica Lamarck (1783: 150) and A. amurensis Komarov (1926: 8) especially by its chromatic characteristics of the flower (blue or violet sepals and spurs, white petal laminae). Habitat and distribution: —In Russia (Republic of Tuva), Aquilegia grubovii occurs in habitats similar to those in Mongolia. A stone run (Old Turkic “qorum”) is a rock landform resulting from the erosion of particular rock varieties caused by freezing-thawing cycles in periglacial conditions during the last Ice Age (Mather & Kirtley 1967). Accumulations of stones and the accumulated nutrient soils between them create favorable conditions for the survival of plants. Stones accumulate heat and moisture, and also protect from adverse conditions. The sparseness of woody vegetation and the presence of shrubs give it resistance to frost in winter and fire in dry periods, and the rod-shaped nature of the roots allows it to survive in adverse conditions, when the above-ground parts of the plant are likely to die off. Due to the similarity of environments and climates found in known locations, A. grubovii is expected to be found in other nearby regions in Russia. This species has a natural distribution in the north of Mongolia (Arkhangai, Tuv, and Khentii provinces) and the border regions in Russia (Republic of Tuva) and is endemic to northern Mongolia (Baasanmunkh et al. 2021, 2022) and the border regions of Russia (Fig. 2). Conservation status: —In Mongolia, only five collections of Aquilegia grubovii are known, from four provinces (Khentii, Tuv, Selenge and Arkhangai), in northern and central Mongolia. The population closest to Russia was recently found in Khuvsgul province. The study of all known populations did not reveal any obvious threats to the existence of the species we found, but the total geographical range of A. grubovii is severely fragmented due to special habitat, representing a barrier to a possibly more continuous distribution range. We estimated an AOO of 24 km ², and EOO of ca. 261,000 km ². Thus, the species is categorized as Vulnerable (VU) due to an AOO of A. grubovii, according to IUCN’s Extent of Occurrence criteria, is categorized as Least Concern (LC) at the global level (IUCN 2022). Additional specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Tuva Republic, Todzhinsky Raion, “Azas” Reserve, middle course of the River Azas, 20 km above the mouth of the Myun (right tributary of the Azas River,aAt the base of the Stone Run (Bowman Creek), 52°33´01´´ N, 97°35´03´´ E, alt. 1051 m, 21 July 1996, D. N . Shaulo & I. Shaulo 62 (NS); Tuva Republic, Todzhinsky Raion, “Azas” Reserve, middle course of the Azas River, 20 km above the mouth of the Myun (right tributary of the Azas River),at the base of the Stone Run (Bowman Creek), 52°33´02´´ N, 97°35´01´´ E, alt. 1070 m. 21 July 1996, D. N . Shaulo & I. Shaulo 62 (NS); Tuva Republic, Todzhinsky Raion, “Azas” Reserve, middle course of the Azas River, 20 km above the mouth of the Myun (right tributary of the Azas River), north-east slope of the Stone Run, 52°33´03´´ N, 97°35´07´´ E, alt. 1055 m. 7 July 2002, D. N . Shaulo 10 (NS). MONGOLIA. Eastern Khentii Mountains, upstream of Kerulen and Onon river, bare rocky peaks, NNO to Khentii-Han, western slope, among the boulders, 26 July 1928, N . P. and V. A. Ikonnikov-Galitskiy 546 (LE); Arkhangai province, Bulgan Sum, Highland, behind Hoshigot, in forest, 25 July 1977, E . Ganbold 8647 (UBA); Tuv province, Erdene Sum, Estiin Rashaan, 10 km from Ramaakoas to Ezher, rocks in birch forest, 16 June 1982, Ch. Sanchir et al. (UBA); Khuvsvul province, Ulaan-Uul sum, Mongorog river, rocky and stony area, 8 July 2019, N . Nyamgerel (UBU)., Published as part of Erst, Andrey S., Shaulo, Dmitry N., Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj, Choi, Hyeok Jae, Kaigalov, Igor V., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Maltseva, Svetlana Yu., Lian, Lian & Wang, Wei, 2022, First record of Aquilegia grubovii (Ranunculaceae) for Russia and key to all currently known species in the country, pp. 213-219 in Phytotaxa 576 (2) on pages 214-217, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7461391, {"references":["Lamarck, J. B. A. P. (1783) Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique 1 (1). Panckoucke, Paris, 752 pp.","Komarov, V. L. (1926) New species from the Ussuri Region and Manchuria. Botanicheskie Materialy Gerbariya Botanicheskogo Institutaimeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk SSSR 6 (1): 1 - 19. [in Russian]","IUCN (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. 1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 20 December 2022)"]}