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In this work, we describe a new species of Ludwigia from southern Brazil. We provide a detailed morphological account, field photographs and a distribution map. We also discuss the morphology and taxonomy of the new species in relation to morphologically similar species and assess its conservation status. Finally, we typify the name L. myrtifolia, which refers to the species morphologically most similar to the new species, and we discuss the distribution of this species.

1.1. Margyricarpus lanatus Funez, sp. nov. Differs from Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze by the hypanthium pilose, with tuberculate projections vs. glabrous with thorny projections. Type: — BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: Lages, BR-116, ca. 15 km em direção a Vacaria, 28 February 1996, J. A. Jarenkow & M. Sobral 3092 (holotype MBM-212633!; isotype FLOR-27863!). Figure 1–2. Perennial plants 8–30 cm tall, erect, probably xylopodiferous (according to sheet annotations); stems covered by the sheathing base of the petioles; densely villose on the buds, above the sheaths, covered by long white trichomes, glabrescent on the opposite side; leaf sheaths glabrous, 6.4–7.2 mm long, with the main vein strongly impressed, stramineous, densely villous at the lateral margin and long erect cilia on the apex near the petiole insertion; petioles> 0.1 mm, glabrescent or pilose on both surfaces. Leaf blades imparipinnate, with 6–8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets 3.1–4.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm, narrow oblong, the apex acute–apiculate, and the base obtuse truncate, the margin strongly revolute, pilose on both sides, sessile; rachis 5.6–10.2 mm long, pilose. Flowers solitary and axillary. Sepals 4, green, 0.9–1.3 × 0.5–0.8 mm, broad elliptic, acute, villose, with a nervure strongly impressed on exterior surface and continues longitudinally along all hypanthium, forming 4 rows of tuberculate projections. Stamens 2, purplish, easily deciduous. Stigma flabellate. Fruits partially visible in the plant, each one covered by the hypanthium, 3.3–4.7 × 1.7–2.1 mm, densely villose between the tubercles, greenish in vivo (according to field annotations), endocarp ovoid, with four longitudinal rows of tuberculate projections of 0.3–0.4 mm long, the apical ones smaller than basal, the basal portion forming a narrow beak of 0.8–1.2 mm long. Etymology: —The specific epithet makes reference to the woolly aspect of this species. Distribution and habitat: —Known only from the type, collected in Lages municipality, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil (Figure 3). This species occurs in high-elevation grasslands. Conservation status: — Critically Endangered (CR — B1,2:a,b[iii,v]), according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012, 2019). This species is known by the type locality, and only an old collection is known. This species does not occur in any conservation unit. The high-elevation grasslands of Lages region has been experiencing a disorderly and heavy rate of urbanization, as well as the remnants areas are being converted into agriculture or forestry at an extremely fast pace. Notes: —This species differs from M. pinnatus due the wooly stems, leaves, tepals and hypanthium vs. glabrous to glabrescent stems and leaves, and glabrous tepals and hypanthium. Another feature is the shape of the fruit, with rounded-tuberculate ornamentation vs. longitudinal rows of thorny curved projections of 0.4–0.8 mm long. According to field annotations on the label of the holotype of M. lanatus, the fruits are green vs. white to pink fruits in M. pinnatus., Published as part of Funez, Luís A., Hassemer, Gustavo, Peroni, Nivaldo & Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R., 2021, Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus, pp. 281-293 in Phytotaxa 496 (3) on pages 284-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5423762

Key to species of Margyricarpus 1. Ovary bicarpellate; endemic to Juan Fernández Islands, Chile......................................................................................... M. digynus 1. Ovary unicarpellate; distribution in continental South America.......................................................................................................2 2. Leaves, stems and hypanthium densely pilose, hypanthium green.................................................................................... M. lanatus 2. Leaves and stems glabrous to glabrescent, hypanthium glabrous, pink or white at maturity............................................................3 3. Erect plants, fruits to 2.0–2.5 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, absence of thorny projections on the achenes.................................... M. microcarpus 3. Prostrate to suberect plants, fruits 3.8–4.2 × 1–2 mm, presence of thorny projections on the achenes ............................ M. pinnatus, Published as part of Funez, Luís A., Hassemer, Gustavo, Peroni, Nivaldo & Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R., 2021, Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus, pp. 281-293 in Phytotaxa 496 (3) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5423762

1.2. Margyricarpus microcarpus Funez, sp. nov. Differs from Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze by the fruits 2.0–2.5 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, endocarp obovoid, expanded in very small rounded projections of vs. fruits 3.8–4.2 × 1–2 mm, endocarp ellipsoid, with four longitudinal rows of thorny curved projections of 0.4–0.8 mm long. Type: — BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: Bom Jardim da Serra, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Campos de Santa Bárbara, 24 February 2019, L. A. Funez et al. 8774 (holotype FURB-65014!). Figures 4–5. Perennial plants 15–45 cm tall, erect, with lignified branches; covered by the sheathing base of the petioles; densely villose above the sheaths, covered by white trichomes, glabrescent on the opposite side; leaf sheaths glabrous, 4.0– 4.2 mm long, with the main vein strongly impressed, stramineous, densely villous at the margin; petioles 0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous or glabrescent only in adaxial surface. Leaf blades imparipinnate, with 2–3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets 3–7 × 0.1–0.2 mm, narrow oblong, the apex acute–apiculate and the base obtuse truncate, the margin strongly revolute, glabrous on both sides, sessile; leaves of the main stems with petiole-rachis axis persistent, 6–7 mm long, stramineous, glabrous, curved down, and leaflets easily deciduous; leaves of the secondary stems with petiole-rachis axis shorter than 4 mm, the leaflets smaller than those of the main stems, crowded, persistent still at flowering time. Flowers solitary and axillary. Sepals 4, green, ca. 0.2 mm long, broad elliptic, acute, glabrous. Stamens 2, purplish, easily deciduous. Stigma flabellate. Fruits partially visible in the plant, each one covered by the hypanthium, 2.0–2.5 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, glabrous, fleshy, whitish-hyaline and rounded in vivo, endocarp obovoid, expanded in very small rounded projections of Etymology: —The specific epithet makes reference to the small size of the fruits of this species. Distribution and habitat: —Known from a small area in Urubici and Bom Jardim da Serra municipalities, in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil (Figure 3). This species occurs in rocky outcrops and rocky soils along riverbanks and grasslands were found flowering during September to October, fruiting during December to February. Conservation status: — Critically Endangered (CR — B1,2:a,b[iii,v]), according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012, 2019). This species is only known from the type locality, where several individuals were observed, the majority of which along riverbanks. Although it occurs in environmentally protected area, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, this conservation unit has suffered repeated attacks by politicians and ruralists who seek to detach large areas of the Park to establish farms, hydroelectric plants or wind farms. Additional material examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: Bom Jardim da Serra, 16 December 2018, L. A. Funez et al. 8487 (FURB-65020): Campos de Santa Bárbara. Parque Nacional de São Joaquim; Urubici: Santa Bárbara, próximo ao alojamento. Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, 25 January 2019, L. A. Funez et al. 8619 (FURB-65004) Notes: —This species resembles M. pinnatus, differing due the small size of the reproductive parts with sepals ca. 0.2 mm long and fruits 2.0–2.5 ×1.0– 1.1 mm, glabrous, fleshy, whitish-hyaline and rounded in vivo, endocarp obovoid, expanded in very small rounded projections of vs. sepals 1.0–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm, fruits 3.8–4.1 × 1.8–2.0 mm, white and rounded in vivo, endocarp ellipsoid, with four longitudinal rows of thorny curved projections of 0.4–0.8 mm long. The habitat of M. microcarpus is rocky outcrops and riverbanks at high elevations. Sometimes M. microcarpus is sympatric with M. pinnatus, frequently on mixed populations., Published as part of Funez, Luís A., Hassemer, Gustavo, Peroni, Nivaldo & Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R., 2021, Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus, pp. 281-293 in Phytotaxa 496 (3) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5423762

Funez, Luís A., Hassemer, Gustavo, Peroni, Nivaldo, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R. (2021): Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus. Phytotaxa 496 (3): 281-293, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.7

Funez, Luís A., Hassemer, Gustavo, Peroni, Nivaldo, Drechsler- Santos, Elisandro R. (2021): Delairea aparadensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), the first native species of the genus in the Americas. Phytotaxa 494 (1): 122-128, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.8

Delairea aparadensis Funez & Hassemer, sp. nov. Type: ��� BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: Urubici, Parque Nacional de S��o Joaquim, Morro da Igreja, 1780 m, 13 March 2020, L. A . Funez & W. I. Ribeiro-Nardes 9796 (holotype: FLOR!; isotypes: FURB!, HTL!, HBR!). Diagnosis: ���The new species differs from Delairea odorata by its leaves deltoid and capitulescences composed by cymes of 2���6 capitula vs. leaves subcordiform polygonal-lobed and capitulescence composed by dozens of capitula. Description: ���Perennial scandent subshrubs 40���150 cm tall. Stems green, erect, branching from the basal portion and often along its length, ca. 3 mm diam. on the basal portion gradually thinner toward the apical portions, striate, glabrous, apically foliose. Leaves gradually decreasing in size towards the apex, petiolate, petioles purple, 11���18 mm long, cylindric, glabrous, sulcate adaxially, blades deltoid, 18���62 �� 15���65 mm, apex acuminate, base truncatesagittate, with two more prominent teeth and more 2���6 smaller teeth, venation actinodromous, secondary veins adaxially and abaxially raised, reticulate, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, margins slightly revolute, (6)���8���10 teeth. Capitulescences terminal and axillary, 2���6 capitula disposed in a lax corymb 5���45 mm long, glabrous or with sparse arachnoid hairs on the axes. Capitula homogamous, discoid, pedunculate; peduncles 1���5 mm long, bracteolate, glabrous or with arachnoid hairs; bracteoles 1���2, rhombiform, 0.8���6 mm long, glabrous or very scarce arachnoid trichomes. Involucre cupuliform, 4���5 �� 3���4 mm, calyculate; bracts of calycule ca. 5, lanceolate, 0.8���6 mm long; involucral bracts 7, lanceolate, 4.0���4.5 �� 0.8���1.2 mm wide, apex acute, margin entire, glabrous with an apical tuft of hairs; receptacle plane and glabrous. Florets 15���22, perfect, corolla yellow, tubulose, tube 0.4���2.1 mm long, limb 1.5��� 3.0 mm long., five triangular lobes up to 0.6 mm long; anthers 1.6���2 mm long, connectival appendage oblong, 0.7���0.8 mm long; style 3.0��� 3.5 mm long, style branches with truncate apex, 1.0��� 1.3 mm long. Ovary cylindrical, 1.0���1.2 �� ca. 0.2 mm, costate, glabrous, carpopodium symmetrical, setose; pappus 4.0��� 4.5 mm long, uniseriate, bristles numerous 60+, white, filiform, deciduous. Photographs: ��� Figure 1. Etymology: ���The specific epithet makes reference to the Aparados da Serra Geral, a region in southern Brazil where the new species is endemic to. Phenology: ���Flowering in March and fruiting probably from April to May. Distribution and habitat: ���The new species is endemic to Morro da Igreja, in Parque Nacional de S��o Joaquim, at Urubici, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil (Figure 2). It occurs in Cloud Forest environment, at elevations of 1700���1800 m. Conservation status: ���Critically Endangered���CR-B2a,b(iii). Delairea aparadensis has a confirmed area of occupancy (AoO) of less than 1 km 2, with only one population known. The species unfortunately cannot be considered satisfactorily safe, because of the ongoing trend of reduction of environment protection areas in the region, due to the pressure caused by the agricultural advance in Santa Catarina state (Hassemer et al. 2015) and in Brazil as a whole, leading to the conversion of natural environments in agricultural and silvicultural lands. According to Hassemer et al. (2015), Asteraceae is the family with most species exclusive to Santa Catarina state. Some examples of micro-endemic especies of Asteraceae in the Aparados da Serra region are Baccharis chionolaenoides Falkenberg & Deble (2010: 64��� 67), Baccharis scopulorum Schneider & Heiden (2011: 9���13), Conyza retirensis Cabrera (1959: 196), Hysterionica matzenbacheri Schneider in Schneider & Boldrini (2012: 51���54), Hysterionica pinnatisecta Matzenbacher & Sobral (1996: 16), Malmeanthus catharinensis King & Robinson (1980: 226���227), besides these examples there are dozens of micro-endemic species from other families and an elevate number of rare and threatened species. Observations: ���This species is morphologically extremely distinct from all South American species of Senecioneae. According to the identification keys in Cabrera (1957), the new species matches best with Senecio sect. Delairea Bentham & Hooker (448: 1873) due the climbing habit, with foliose stems, leaves succulent, palmatinervate, capitulescences in dense cymes capitula discoid, homogamous, style branches truncate, pilose on the apex, and glabrous cypselae. According to the current classification of the tribe (e.g. Nordenstam 2007), Cabrera���s Senecio sect. Delairea is accepted as the hitherto monotypic genus Delairea, with its sole species, D. odorata (= S. mikanioides Otto ex Walpers [1845: 42]), being a South African native that was introduced and became naturalised in many continents. Despite these similarities, D. aparadensis is notably distinct from D. odorata, being a scandent subshrub vs. vines in D. odorata, the leaves are deltoid with dentate margins vs. subcordiform polygonal-lobed with entire margins in D. odorata. Additionally, the capitulescence of D. odorata is composed by dozens of capitula vs. 2���6 capitula in D. aparadensis. Despite the fact that D. odorata can be found cultivated, naturalised or invasive in the Americas, also in southern Brazil, this species is originally from South Africa, while D. aparadensis is, according to all evidence, native to the southern Brazilian cloud forests, an environment known for high prevalence of plant endemism (Hassemer et al. 2015)., Published as part of Funez, Lu��s A., Hassemer, Gustavo, Peroni, Nivaldo & Drechsler- Santos, Elisandro R., 2021, Delairea aparadensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), the first native species of the genus in the Americas, pp. 122-128 in Phytotaxa 494 (1) on pages 123-125, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5423364, {"references":["Hassemer, G., Ferreira, P. M. A. & Trevisan, R. (2015) A review of vascular plant endemism in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, highlights critical knowledge gaps and urgent need of conservation efforts. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 142: 78 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.3159 / TORREY-D- 14 - 00033.1","Falkenberg, D. B. & Deble, L. P. (2010) Baccharis chionolaenoides (Asteraceae), a new species of subgenus Tarchonantoides from Santa Catarina state (Brazil). Darwiniana 48 (1): 64 - 67.","Schneider, A. A., Heiden, G. & Boldrini, I. I. (2011) Baccharis scopulorum, a new species of section Caulopterae (Asteraceae: Astereae) from rocky cliffs of southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 15: 9 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 15.1.2","Cabrera, A. L. (1959) Notas sobre tipos de Compuestas sudamericanas en herbarios Europeos I. Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 7: 233 - 246.","Schneider, A. A. & Boldrini, I. I. (2012) Hysterionica matzenbacherii, a new species of Astereae (Asteraceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 49: 50 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 49.1.8","Matzenbacher, N. I. & Sobral, M. (1996) Duas novas especies de Hysterionica Willd. (Asteraceae-Astereae) no sul do Brasil. Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Serie Botanica 2: 15 - 21.","King, R. M. & Robinson, H. (1980) Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CIC. A new genus Malmeanthus. Phytologia 47: 225 - 229.","Cabrera, A. L. (1957) El genero Senecio (Compositae) en Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay. Arquivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 15: 163 - 264.","Nordenstam, B. (2007) Tribe Senecioneae Cass. In: Kadereit, J. W. & Jeffrey, C (Eds.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 8. Springer, pp. 208 - 241.","Walpers, W. G. (1845) Beschreibung des Senecio mikanioides Otto. Allgemeine Gartenzeitung 6: 42 - 48."]}

Funez, Luís A., Hassemer, Gustavo (2021): Novelties in Persicaria (Polygonaceae): description of a narrowly endemic new species from southern Brazil, and typification of the name Polygonum minus. Phytotaxa 490 (1): 60-70, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.5

Persicaria humboldtiana Funez & Hassemer, sp. nov. Type: ��� BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Corup��: RPPN Em��lio Fiorentino Battistella, 12 January 2020, L. A. Funez 9599 (holotype FURB! [Figure 1]). Diagnosis: ���Differs from Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz by petiolate broad-lanceolate leaves and tepals up to 1.1 mm long, with marked venation. Description (Figure 1): ���Herbs perennial. Stems 15���40 cm long, erect to ascending, usually branched near the base, rooting at basal nodes, glabrous, 0.7���1.8 mm diam., internodes 20���35 mm long. Ochrea brownish hyaline, cylindric, 4���8 mm long, membranaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, with bristles 2���3 mm long, surface scarcely strigose, trichomes ca. 1 mm long, eglandular; petiole 3���6 mm long, adnate to the lower half of ochrea, antrosely pubescent; blade, broadly lanceolate, 3.3���6.5 �� 1.2���2.3 cm, base long-attenuate, apex acute to acuminate, margins antrorsely appressed-pubescent, adaxial and abaxial surface appressed-pubescent along midvein and glabrous on lamina. Inflorescences terminal, or also axillary, erect to apically curved, uninterrupted, 3.2���5.6 �� 0.3 cm, pedunculated, peduncle to 1.4 cm long, glabrous; ochreolae 1.0���1.8 �� 0.3���0.5 mm, glabrous, margins ciliate with 1���4 bristles 0.1���1.0 mm long. Pedicels ascending, ca. 0.5 mm long. Flowers bisexual, 2���3 per ochreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth white, not glandular-punctate, membranaceous with conspicuous venation; tepals 5, connate 1/3���1/4 of their length, obovate, 0.8���1.1 �� 0.3���0.6 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6, included, filaments 0.6���0.7 mm long, adnate to petals at base; anthers white, elliptic to ovate, ca. 0.1 mm long; styles 2, ca. 0.5 mm long, included, connate 1/3 of its length, stigma capitate. Ovary conic, 0.6 �� 0.4 mm. Fructiferous perianth greenish, 1.7���2.0 �� 1.0��� 1.1 mm. Achenes dark brownish, trigonous, 1.8���1.9 �� 0.9���1.0 mm, with an apical portion 0.2���0.3 mm long, shiny, smooth. Etymology: ���The specific epithet is a tribute to the German explorer, geographer and naturalist Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (1769���1859), who was originally honoured by the name Hansa Humboldt, the original name of Corup��, the Brazilian municipality where the new species, according to the best of evidence, is restricted to. The village of Hansa Humboldt was founded by German immigrants in 1897, and had its original name forcibly changed to Corup�� in 1944 as part of Get��lio Vargas��� policy of persecution of the German-speaking population in Brazil. Phenology: ���Confirmed flowering and fruiting: January. This species was seen alive during the late autumn and winter, but not fertile. Thus, it is probably that species blooms along the summer and parts of spring and autumn, as most of the Brazilian species. Distribution: ���The new species is only known from the type locality, in Salto Grande waterfall, in the Em��lio Fiorentino Battistella Natural Heritage Particular Reserve, in Corup�� municipality, northern Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Figure 2). Habitat: ��� Persicaria humboldtiana inhabits humid rocks along the riverbanks, at permanently humid spots due to constant splashing, and is susceptible (and seemingly resistant) to occasional flooding. The new species occurs in the same locality and environment as the narrowly endemics Plantago humboldtiana Hassemer in Hassemer & R��nsted (2016: 4���9) and Ludwigia humboldtiana Funez et al. (2020: 80���87), what demonstrates the high importance of this habitat for biodiversity conservation. Conservation status: ��� Persicaria humboldtiana is here assessed as Critically endangered CR according to the criterion B2a,b(iii) of IUCN (2019). The area of occupancy (AOO) of less than 2 km ��, with only one population known. This population is located within an environmentally protected area (Em��lio Fiorentino Battistella Natural Heritage Particular Reserve); nevertheless, the species unfortunately cannot be considered satisfactorily safe, because of the ongoing trend of reduction of environment protection areas in the region, due to the pressure caused by the agricultural advance in Santa Catarina state (Hassemer et al. 2015) and in Brazil as a whole, leading to the conversion of natural environments in agricultural and silvicutural lands. Notes: ���This species is most similar to Persicaria minor, a cosmopolitan species common in Eurasia and North America, with only one record in South America, in Argentina (Cialdella 1989). Despite the similarities due the small size of the vegetative and reproductive characters of both species, P. humboldtiana is easily differentiated due its petiolate, broadly lanceolate leaves (vs. sessile, linear lanceolate leaves in P. minor). Another very useful characteristic to distinguish these species is the size of the tepals, much smaller in P. humboldtiana, 0.8���1.1 mm long, with prominent veins (vs. 2.5���3.0 mm long, with inconspicuous venation in P. minor) (see Table 1). Other species similar to Persicaria humboldtiana are P. hydropiperoides (Michaux 1803a: 239) Small (1903: 378���379, 1330), P. maculosa Gray (1821: 269) and P. setacea (Baldwin in Elliott [1817: 455]) Small (1903: 379, 1330), but the size of the tepals are conspicuously bigger than in P. humboldtiana; all these species has flowers with tepals longer than 2.5 mm long and sessile leaves, whereas P. humboldtiana tepals are 0.8���1.1 mm long and its leaves are petiolate., Published as part of Funez, Lu��s A. & Hassemer, Gustavo, 2021, Novelties in Persicaria (Polygonaceae): description of a narrowly endemic new species from southern Brazil, and typification of the name Polygonum minus, pp. 60-70 in Phytotaxa 490 (1) on pages 61-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5753697, {"references":["Hassemer, G. & Ronsted, N. A. H. (2016) Yet another new species from one of the best-studied neotropical areas: Plantago humboldtiana (Plantaginaceae), an extremely narrow endemic new species from a waterfall in southern Brazil. PeerJ 4: e 2050. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2050","Funez, L. A., Farias, D. M., Hassemer, G. & de Gasper, A. L. (2020) Ludwigia humboldtiana (Onagraceae), a narrowly endemic new species from the subtropical Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 470: 77 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 470.1.3","Hassemer, G., Ferreira, P. M. A. & Trevisan, R. (2015) A review of vascular plant endemisms in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, highlights critical knowledge gaps and urgent need of conservation efforts. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 142: 78 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3159 / torrey-d- 14 - 00033.1","Cialdella, A. M. (1989) Revision de las especies argentinas de Polygonum s. l. (Polygonaceae). Darwiniana 29: 179 - 246.","Michaux, A. (1803 a) Flora Boreali-Americana, vol. 1. C. Crapelet, Paris and Strassburg, 330 pp., plates 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 330","Small, J. K. (1903) Flora of the Southeastern United States. Published by the author, New York, 1370 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 133","Gray, S. F. (1821) A Natural Arrangement of British Plants, vol. 2. Baldwin, Gradock, and Joy, London, 757 pp.","Elliott, S. (1817) Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia, part 1 (5). J. R. Schenck, Charleston, 606 pp., 6 plates. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9508"]}