Search

An updated list of the species of Gaultheria (Ericaceae) from Myanmar is presented, with additions and corrections to a previously published list. Gaultheria natmataungensis, a new species from Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is the only species of Gaultheria endemic to the country. Additionally, G. griffithiana var. insignis is raised to the rank of species (G. insignis), and G. insignis and G. suborbicularis are newly recorded for Myanmar. Photographs of living plants of G. insignis are included, along with an updated description and illustration that incorporate new morphological data, including the first documentation of floral characters. Lectotypes are provided for G. fragrantissima, G. insignis, and G. nummularioides. A key to the species is provided. The number of Gaultheria species recorded from Myanmar is 24.

Two new species of Vaccinium from the Philippines are described and illustrated from historical herbarium collections. Vaccinium burburan from Luzon Island, Northern Philippines is morphologically similar to V. tenuipes, but is distinguished by having shorter petioles, pedicels and corolla, adaxially pubescent leaf blades with cordate base, apically pubescent corollas, and pubescent filaments throughout. It is only one of two species of Vaccinium in the Philippines known to have a cordate leaf blade base. Vaccinium burburan is considered critically endangered. Vaccinium jubatum from Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines, is morphologically similar to V. sylvaticum, but is distinguished by having a dentate leaf blade margin, shorter inflorescences and pedicels, a glabrous calyx, and shorter filaments. The dentate leaf blade margin of V. jubatum uniquely distinguishes it from other Philippine Vaccinium species. The conservation status of V. jubatum is considered data deficient. These discoveries further increase the current number of known Vaccinium species in the Philippines to 40.

9. Gaultheria griffithiana Wight (1847: 176). Type:— BHUTAN. 7,000–7,800 ft, W. Griffith s.n., Kew distrib. no. 3483 (lectotype, designated by Panda & Reveal 2011, K K000442403!*). = Gaultheria caudata Stapf (1931: t. 9228). = Gaultheria lasiocarpa T.Z. Hsu (1992: 175). = Gaultheria miyiensis T.Z. Hsu (1992: 178). = Gaultheria miyiensis T.Z. Hsu (1992: 178) var. macrantha J.L.Liu & Q.Luo in Luo et al. (2006: 10)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Wight, R. (1847) Notes on Indian botany. Calcutta Journal of Natural History 8: 163 - 179.","Panda, S. & Reveal, J. L. (2011) Lectotypification of three names in Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Phytotaxa 38: 24 - 28. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 38.1.3","Stapf, O. (1931) Gaultheria caudata. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 154: t. 9228.","Hsu, T. - Z. (1992) Two new species of Gaultheria from Sichuan. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 30: 175 - 178 (1992).","Luo, Q., Liu, J. - L. & Ying, Y. (2006) A new variety of Gaultheria Kalm ex Linn. (Ericaceae) from Sichuan Province, China. Bulletin of Botanical Research, Harbin 26: 10: 10 - 12."]}

4. Gaultheria crassifolia (Airy Shaw 1941: 326) P.W.Fritsch & Lu Lu in Fritsch et al. (2015: 9). ≡ Gaultheria sinensi s J.Anthony in Anonymous (1933: 19) var. crassifolia Airy Shaw (1941: 326). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: [Chayu Xian,] Salwin-Kiu Chiang divide, 28°40’N, 98°15’E, October 1919, G. Forrest 19286 (holotype K K000227996!, isotype E E00225813!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Fritsch, P. W., Lu, L., Wang, H. & Li, D. - Z. (2015) New species, taxonomic renovations, and typifications in Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae). Phytotaxa 201 (1): 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 201.1.1","Anonymous (1933) Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis congitarum. DLI - DLXIX. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 18: 17 - 36."]}

5. Gaultheria discolor Nuttall ex Hooker (1858: t. 5034). ≡ Diplycosia discolor (Nutt. ex Hook.) C.B.Clarke in Hooker (1882: 459). Type:— BHUTAN. Hort. Nuttall s.n. (lectotype, designated by Panda & Reveal 2011, K K000780345!). = Gaultheria longibracteolata R.C. Fang (1999: 166)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Hooker, W. J. (1858) Gaultheria discolor. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 84: t. 5034.","Hooker, J. D. (1882) The flora of British India. Vol. 3. L. Reeve, London, 712 pp.","Panda, S. & Reveal, J. L. (2011) Lectotypification of three names in Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Phytotaxa 38: 24 - 28. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 38.1.3","Fang, R. - C. (1999) New taxa of Ericaceae from China. Novon 9: 162 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3391793"]}

24. Gaultheria wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw in Marquand (1929: 198). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Tong-kyuk, 9,000 ft, 10 August 1924, F. Kingdon-Ward 6071 (holotype K K000442412!). = Gaultheria trichoclada C.Y.Wu in Xu (1981: 424). = Gaultheria wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw in Marquand (1929: 198) var. elongata R.C. Fang (1999: 174)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Marquand, C. V. B. (1929) The botanical collection made by Captain F. Kingdon Ward in the Eastern Himalaya and Tibet in 1924 - 25. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 48: 149 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1929. tb 00587. x","Xu, T. - Z. (1981) Preliminary study of classification of Chinese Gaultheria. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 3: 417 - 434.","Fang, R. - C. (1999) New taxa of Ericaceae from China. Novon 9: 162 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3391793"]}

8. Gaultheria fragrantissima Wallich (1820: 397). Type:— NEPAL. Habitat in Napalii; florens Aprili [protologue], “E Napalia, 1818” [sheet], N. Wallich s.n. (lectotype, designated here, BM BM000521849!*). = Arbutus laurifolia Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don (1825: 151). = Gaultheria leschenaultii Candolle (1839: 593). = Leucothoe katagherensis Candolle (1839: 606). ≡ Andromeda katagherensis (DC.) Hooker (1839: t. 246). = Gaultheria fragrantissima Wallich (1820: 397) var. racemosa Hook.f. ex C.B.Clarke in Hooker (1882: 458). = Gaultheria forrestii Diels (1912: 210)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Wallich, N. (1820) Descriptions of some rare Indian plants. Asiatick Researches 13: 369 - 415.","Don, D. (1825) Prodromus florae Nepalensis. J. Gale, London, 256 pp.","Candolle, A. P. de (1839) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. Vol. 7. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris, 801 pp.","Hooker, W. J. (1839) Andromeda katagherensis. Icones plantarum 3: t. 426.","Hooker, J. D. (1882) The flora of British India. Vol. 3. L. Reeve, London, 712 pp.","Diels, L. (1912) Plantae Chinenses Forrestianae. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 5: 161 - 308."]}

19. Gaultheria semi-infera (C.B.Clarke) Airy Shaw (1941: 306). ≡ Diplycosia semi-infera C.B.Clarke (1882: 459). Type:— BHUTAN. 7,000–9,000 ft, W. Griffith 485, Kew distrib. no. 3482 (lectotype, designated by Panda & Reveal 2011, K K000780351, branchlet on lower half of sheet!* [the upper branchlet is W. Griffith 484]). = Gaultheria tetramera W.W.Smith in Anonymous (1919 publ. 1920: 211). = Gaultheria forrestii Diels (1912: 210) var. setigera C.Y.Wu in Xu (1981: 427)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Panda, S. & Reveal, J. L. (2011) Lectotypification of three names in Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Phytotaxa 38: 24 - 28. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 38.1.3","Anonymous (1919 publ. 1920) Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis congitarum. CCCCI - CCCCL. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 11: 191 - 232.","Diels, L. (1912) Plantae Chinenses Forrestianae. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 5: 161 - 308.","Xu, T. - Z. (1981) Preliminary study of classification of Chinese Gaultheria. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 3: 417 - 434."]}

4. Gaultheria crassifolia (Airy Shaw 1941: 326) P.W.Fritsch & Lu Lu in Fritsch et al. (2015: 9). ≡ Gaultheria sinensi s J.Anthony in Anonymous (1933: 19) var. crassifolia Airy Shaw (1941: 326). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: [Chayu Xian,] Salwin-Kiu Chiang divide, 28°40’N, 98°15’E, October 1919, G. Forrest 19286 (holotype K K000227996!, isotype E E00225813!).

Classification — Gaultheria sect. Monoanthemona D.J. Middleton (1991: 240) ser. Nummularioideae Airy Shaw (1941: 308). Phylogenetic placement — Leucothoides s.l. clade. Literature — Kress et al. 2003, Fang & Stevens 2005, Fritsch et al. 2008. Myanmar specimens —Locality and date not indicated, S. Toppin 2750 (E E00231320!*). Kachin: [Bhamo District, Momauk Township,] Sin Lum, 29 April 1935, F.G. Dickason 4067 (A!*); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Valley of the Seinghku, 12,000 ft, 28°08’N, 97°25’E, 30 September 1926, F. Kingdon-Ward 7514 (K K000618938!); ditto, 11,000 ft, 28°10’N, 97°20’E, 20 October 1926, F. Kingdon-Ward 7600 (K K000618940!); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Upper Burma, neighborhood of forest region N of Tahawndam, Upper Adung Valley, 10,000–11,000 ft, 21 October 1931, F. Kingdon-Ward 10131 (BM BM000906366!); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Nam Tamai Valley, Mungku Hkyet, 8,000–9,000 ft, 19 August 1937, F. Kingdon-Ward 12971 (BM BM000906362!); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Nam Tamai Valley, Mungku Hkyet, 9,000–10,000 ft, 8 September 1937, F. Kingdon-Ward 13172 (BM BM000906361!); ditto, F. Kingdon-Ward 13172a (BM BM000906360!); ditto, 8,000–9,000 ft, F. Kingdon-Ward 13478 (BM BM000906363!); [Putao District, Khaunglanphu Township,] North Triangle, Uring Bum, above Ahkail, 8,500 ft, 24 May 1953, F. Kingdon-Ward 20895 (BM BM000906355!); [Putao District, Khaunglanphu Township,] North Triangle, Tama Bum, 9,250 ft, 20 October 1953, F. Kingdon-Ward 21491 (A!, BM BM000906352, E E00197159!); [Putao District, Khaunglanphu Township,] Tagulam Bum, 8,000–9,000 ft, 10 November 1953, F. Kingdon-Ward 21579 (BM BM000906353, E E00197160!*). Notes — Gaultheria repens , the type of which is from Indonesia, has been placed in synonymy of G. nummularioides by Sleumer (1967), Fang & Stevens (2005), and Fritsch et al. (2008). The Indonesian distribution of the species in Sumatra, Java, and Bali appears to be disjunct from the mainland Asian part of the species range. Our cursory observations indicate that G. repens has shorter stems and thicker leaves than mainland Asian G. nummularioide s, suggesting that further study as to the taxonomic status of G. repens is warranted. Although Fritsch et al. (2008) stated that the holotype of G. nummularioides is the BM (BM000521848) specimen of N. Wallich, only “Hab. in alpibus Nepaliae. Wallich.” was indicated in the protologue, without more specific information as to which of the Wallich specimens were examined; the selection of a lectotype is thus warranted. We have chosen to lectotypify on this BM specimen because 1) the types of the Prodromus florae Nepalensis (Don 1825) are at BM (Stafleu & Cowan 1976), 2) the writing on the label is clearly in Wallich’s handwriting, and 3) the specimen is in flower, corollas are evident, and no fruit is evident, all consistent with the original description, which includes characters of the flower, including the corolla, and not the fruit. In Wallich (1829), three collections are listed under entry 1524, the only entry for G. nummularioides in Wallich’s list: “1 Napalia 1821, 2 Gossain Than, 3 Kumaon RB.” Any or all of these might have comprised part of the original material but none appear to comprise a part of the same gathering as the “E Napalia. 1818” BM collection: the first has a clearly different date of collection, and the other two are ambiguous as to date but neither of their localities match the locality stated on the 1818 collection. The first two were presumably collected by E. Gardner and Bharul Singh, respectively, whereas the Kumaon specimen was collected by Robert Blinkworth (Majumdar & Banerjee 1976)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Middleton, D. J. (1991) Infrageneric classification of the genus Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 106: 229 - 258. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1991. tb 02293. x","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C., 590 pp.","Fang, R. - C. & Stevens, P. F. (2005) Gaultheria. In: Wu, Z. - Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 464 - 475.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214.","Sleumer, H. (1967) Ericaceae. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1. Vol. 6. Pt. 5. N. V. Dijkstra's Drukkerij V / H Boekdrukkerij Gebr. Hoitsema, Groningen, pp. 669 - 914.","Don, D. (1825) Prodromus florae Nepalensis. J. Gale, London, 256 pp.","Stafleu, F. & Cowan, R. (1976) Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. 2 nd ed. Vol. 1: A - G. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 1136 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48631","Wallich, N. (1829) A numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the East India Company's Museum collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company's botanic garden at Calcutta. Lithographed manuscript, London, 306 pp.","Majumdar, N. C. & Banerjee, R. N. (1976) A note on the citation of a Wallichian specimen. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 46: 415 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3667725"]}

12. Gaultheria insignis (R.C.Fang) P.W.Fritsch, comb. et stat. nov. ≡ Gaultheria griffithiana Wight var. insignis R.C. Fang (1999: 164). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Zayü Xian, 2800 m, 18 July 1973, Qinghai-Xizang Complex Expedition 73-781 (lectotype, designated here, PE 00198242!*, isotype PE 00198241!*). Shrubs or trees 1–5 m tall. Branchlets flexuous, when young brown in sicco, narrowly 3-winged, 2.2–5.0 mm wide, glabrous; overwintering floral buds ovoid. Leaves: petioles 2.0–3.0 × 2.0– 2.4 mm, abaxially rounded, glabrous; blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 11.5–14.2 × 4.2–6.0 cm, 2.5–3.2 times as long as wide, coriaceous, abaxially light green to (in sicco) light brown and dark red- to black-setulose with setae conical and up to 0.1 mm long, adaxially deep green in vivo and light green in sicco, glabrous, midvein abaxially prominent, adaxially caniculate, secondary veins 9 to 12 on each side of midvein, not extending to margin, proximal secondary veins arcuate, distal secondary veins straight, perpendicular to midvein and meeting the distalmost arcuate veins, secondary and tertiary veins abaxially raised, adaxially planar to impressed, base shallowly cordate, sinus sharply angled and basal leaf blade lobes not or just reaching attachment point of petiole to stem or slightly below, margin regularly serrate with 73 to 93 strongly incurved teeth per side and with terminal setae borne at notch formed by the serration and margin, slightly revolute, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate, very tip with a gland. Inflorescences of axillary and pseudoterminal racemes from both proximal and distal leaf axils along branchlet, 1 per axil, placed below the leaves, 3.5 (not fully expanded)– 5.8 cm long, 11- to 19-flowered, flowers congested, pendulous; peduncle obscured by perules; peduncle and rachis ca. 1 mm wide, slightly angled, white-villous with trichomes up to ca. 1 mm long; perules persistent, broadly ovate to suborbicular, cucullate, 4.0–4.6 × 4.2–4.8 mm, glabrous or pubescent, margin ciliolate, apex rounded; bracts suborbicular to orbicular, cucullate, not keeled, 2.5–3.5 × 2.4–3.2 mm, white-sericeous-villous to -hirsute on both sides at least on basal half, margin ciliolate, apex acute to rounded. Pedicels 5–9 mm long, white-hirsute to -villous; bracteoles borne medially, suborbicular to ovate, keeled, 2.8–3.2 × 1.5–3.0 mm, abaxially glabrous or white-sericeous-villous to -hirsute on and near midvein, adaxially white-sericeous-villous, margin ciliolate, apex acute, often aristulate. Calyx 4.1–5.2 mm long, tube crateriform, glabrous, lobes 5, green in vivo, lanceolate-deltoid, 3.0–3.9 × 1.9–2.4 mm, outside glabrous, smooth, inside sericeous especially toward base, margin ciliolate, apex acute. Corolla white, in vivo globose or slightly depressed-globose, usually appearing campanulate in sicco because of splitting when pressed and dried, 6.5–7.7 × 5–6 mm, glabrous; lobes 5, lanceolate-deltoid, 0.5–0.8 × 0.7–0.9 mm. Stamens 10; filaments ca. 1.5–2.0 mm long, dilated submedially, glabrous; anthers without tubules, cells 1.1–1.7 mm long, awns 2 per theca, 0.6–0.8 mm long. Nectar disk 10-dentate. Ovary white-sericeous-lanate, trichomes up to 0.3 mm long; style 2.3–2.7 mm long, glabrous. Fruit unknown., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Fang, R. - C. (1999) New taxa of Ericaceae from China. Novon 9: 162 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3391793"]}

20. Gaultheria sinensis J.Anthony in Anynomous (1933: 19). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: [Deqin County,] Tsarong, SE Tibet, Ka-gwr-pu [Kawagarbo], Mekong-Salwin divide, 12,000 ft, 28°25’N, July 1917, G. Forrest 14216 p. p. (lectotype, designated by Fritsch et al. 2015, E E00029787, upper plant of two on sheet!, isolectotype K K000227994!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Fritsch, P. W., Lu, L., Wang, H. & Li, D. - Z. (2015) New species, taxonomic renovations, and typifications in Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae). Phytotaxa 201 (1): 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 201.1.1"]}

17. Gaultheria obovata (Airy Shaw) P.W.Fritsch & Lu Lu in Fritsch et al. (2015: 17). ≡ Gaultheria trichophylla Royle (1835: 260) var. obovata Airy Shaw (1941: 324). Type:— MYANMAR. Kachin: [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Upper Burma, Seinghku Wâng, 11,000 ft, 28°08’N, 97°24’E, 17 June 1926, F. Kingdon-Ward 6944 (holotype K K000227987!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Fritsch, P. W., Lu, L., Wang, H. & Li, D. - Z. (2015) New species, taxonomic renovations, and typifications in Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae). Phytotaxa 201 (1): 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 201.1.1","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216"]}

11. Gaultheria hypochlora Airy Shaw (1941: 324). Type:— Assam [South Tibet / Arunachal Pradesh]: Delei Valley, 10,000 ft, 31 May 1928, F. Kingdon-Ward 8266 (holotype K K000442409!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216"]}

Classification — Gaultheria sect. Chiogenopsis D.J. Middleton (1991: 235) ser. Hispidulae Airy Shaw (1941: 308). Phylogenetic placement — Chiogenopsis clade. Literature —This publication. Myanmar specimen— Kachin: [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Nam Tamai Valley, Ka Karpo Razi, 28°15’N, 97°30’E, 12,000 ft, 10 October 1937, F. Kingdon-Ward 13406 (BM BM013823044!*). Notes —Although the collection F. Kingdon-Ward 13406 was made in 1937, prior to the publication of the literature sources cited in the present list, apparently the authors of these sources did not see this specimen. This species is thus newly recorded for Myanmar., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Middleton, D. J. (1991) Infrageneric classification of the genus Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 106: 229 - 258. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1991. tb 02293. x","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216"]}

Classification — Gaultheria sect. Brossaea (Linnaeus 1753: 1190) D.J. Middleton (1993: 325) ser. Leucothoide s (Airy Shaw 1941: 308) D.J. Middleton (1993: 325). Phylogenetic placement — Leucothoides s.l. clade. Literature — Fritsch et al. 2008, Kang et al. 2017. Myanmar specimens — Kachin: [Putao District, Khaunglanphu Township,] Valley of the Nam Tisang, 27°30’N, 97°50’E, 3,000 ft, 8 September 1926, F. Kingdon-Ward 7376 (K K000618952!); [Putao District, Khaunglanphu Township,] hills E of Nam Tisang, 1,200 m, 4 January 1931, F. Kingdon-Ward 9091 (A!); Upper Burma, Kachin Hills, March 1898, Shaik Mokim s.n. (CAL CAL0000031059!*, CAL CAL0000031060!*, E E00231078!*, L L.2615009!*). Kayah or Kayin: from the Nat-toung Mts. Burmah 1861, Mr. Gross No. 2 (CAL CAL0000031057!*); Moulmein, Mts. Nattoung [Mt. Nattaung], top, 7,200 ft, S. Kurz 429 (CAL CAL0000031058!*, CAL CAL0000031067!*, L L.2615010!*); Moulmein, Expedition to Nat-toung, C. Parish s.n. (K K000618953!). Notes — Fritsch et al. (2008) treated Gaultheria longibracteolata as a synonym of G. discolor and this treatment is followed here. In addition to G. discolor, Kress et al. 2003 listed Diplycosia discolor as a distinct species but the latter is a homotypic synonym of G. discolor. The specimens from Kayin state have leaves that are smaller than normal for G. discolor and appear disjunct to the south from the main range of the species. The label of one of the two specimens of S. Kurz 429 from CAL (CAL0000081067) has the name “ Gaultheria punctata DC. var. pygmaea,” which apparently was never published. Examination by P.W.F. of the C. Parish s.n. specimen from K revealed no taxonomically significant differences from the Himalayan specimens of G. discolor, although there was only one poor-quality flower and one fruit on the specimen. The collection of more and better material from Kayin state might provide more information in this regard., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. 2 vols. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 1200 pp.","Middleton, D. J. (1993) Infrageneric combinations in Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 110: 325.","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214.","Kang, D. - H., Ling, S. M., Kim, Y. - D. & Ong, H. G. (2017) New records of flowering plants of the flora of Myanmar collected from Natma Taung National Park (Chin State). Korean Journal of Botany 47: 199 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.11110 / kjpt. 2017.47.3.199","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C., 590 pp."]}

6. Gaultheria dolichopoda Airy Shaw (1941: 321). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Tsangpo Gorge, near Sechen La, 10,000– 11,000 ft, 1 December 1924, F. Kingdon-Ward 6331 (holotype K K000227986!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216"]}

Classification — Gaultheria sect. Brossaea ser. Gymnobotrys (Airy Shaw 1941: 308) D.J. Middleton (1993: 325). Phylogenetic placement —Gymnobotrys clade. Literature — Kress et al. 2003 (as Gaultheria laxiflora, G. yunnanensis), Fang & Stevens 2005, Fritsch et al. 2008. Myanmar specimens — Kachin: [Myitkina District, Chipwi Township,] Hpimaw Hill, 7,000–8,000 ft, 23 September 1919, R.J. Farrer 1324 (E E00887326!); [Myitkyina District, Chipwi Township,] Kang-fang, N Burma, 6,000 ft, 4 January 1939, F. Kingdon-Ward 188 (A!, BM BM000834413!, NY 02651438!); [Myitkyina District, Tsawlaw Township,] ridge of Naung-chaung-Nmai Divide, 8,000 ft, 28 February 1914, F. Kingdon-Ward 1840 (E E00197164!). Notes — Kress et al. (2003) did not list Gaultheria leucocarpa but instead listed the synonyms G. laxiflora and G. yunnanensis, each as distinct species.A critical reassessment of the infraspecific taxonomy of G. leucocarpa appears to be warranted. No attempt has been made here to distinguish or identify the varieties or forms. Specimens from outside of Myanmar can have rounded to subcuneate leaf blade bases. Sleumer (1957) restricts the type material of Gaultheria leucocarpa to specimens with glabrous inflorescences. Sleumer’s annotation of Blume s.n., Java, K K000780333!* states that the specimen is possibly part of the type collection because it has glabrous inflorescences. Sleumer’s annotation of Blume s.n. G-DC G00342279!* states that it is probably part of the type collection and the label “ Gaultheria leucocarpa Java Herb. Dr Bl” appears to be in Blume’s handwriting (Burdet 1972), but only the right-hand branchlet has glabrous inflorescences. Although the specimen NY 00010870 does not indicate the collector, it can be considered a possible isolectotype by the presence of Blume’s handwriting on the label. The specimen NY 00010869!*, Java, with glabrous inflorescences, also does not indicate collector but “ Thibaudia ” on the label may be in Blume’s handwriting and it is thus another possible isolectotype; an annotation by T. Zanoni indicates status as a probable type., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Middleton, D. J. (1993) Infrageneric combinations in Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 110: 325.","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C., 590 pp.","Fang, R. - C. & Stevens, P. F. (2005) Gaultheria. In: Wu, Z. - Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 464 - 475.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214.","Sleumer, H. (1957) Florae Malesianae praecursores XIV. The genus Gaultheria in Malaysia. Reinwardtia 4: 163 - 188.","Burdet, H. M. (1972) Cartulae ad botanicorum graphicem. Candollea 27: 307 - 340."]}

Classification — Gaultheria sect. Chiogenopsis ser. Trichophyllae. Phylogenetic placement — Trichophyllae clade. Literature — Airy Shaw 1941, Kress et al. 2003, Fang & Stevens 2005, Fritsch et al. 2008, Fritsch & Lu 2020). Myanmar specimens — Kachin: Putao District, Putao Township, Hponganrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, between Ye Khe Sap and Hponganrazi summit, 3,176 m, 27°30’52.6”N, 96°56’30.5”E, 22 October 2016, K. Armstrong et al. 2004 (E!, NY 02653289!, RAF!); [Putao District, Khaunglanphu Township,] Chawchi Pass, 11,000 ft, 2 July 1920, R.J. Farrer 1676 (E E00231071!); ditto, 12,500 ft, 18 July 1920, R.J. Farrer 1737 (E E00231073!); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Advance Base Seingkhu Wang, 10,000 ft, 6 April 1924, F. Kingdon-Ward 6845 (K [2 sheets]!); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] sources of the Irrawaddy, Adung Valley, 28°20’N, 97°40’E, 10,000–11,000 ft, 10 June 1931, F. Kingdon-Ward 9628 (BM BM013823048!*)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C., 590 pp.","Fang, R. - C. & Stevens, P. F. (2005) Gaultheria. In: Wu, Z. - Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 464 - 475.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214.","Fritsch, P. W. & Lu, L. (2020) A taxonomic revision of Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 14: 289 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.17348 / jbrit. v 14. i 2.1010"]}

15. Gaultheria natmataungensis P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. Type:— MYANMAR. Chin: [Mindat District, Kanpetlet Township,] 5–6 miles from the entrance of Natma Taung National Park, between Kampetlet [Kanpetlet] and 10 miles base camp of national park, Natma Taung National Park, 2,400 m, 20°12’48.9”N, 93°59’29.6”E, 5 December 2012 (fl), K. Fujikawa, K. Miyake, M.M. Aung, K. Yabe, M. Hlaing, L.S. Man & L. Shine 090559 (holotype BRIT BRIT713359!, isotype MBK No. 0246774!). Diagnosis— This new species resembles Gaultheria discolor but differs by its longer petioles with slightly winged margin, adaxially glandular-punctate or setulose leaves adaxially, smaller narrowly deltoid bracts, and smaller bracteoles that are borne medially on pedicels. Description— Shrubs or trees 0.3–2.0 m tall, erect. Branchlets ± straight, when young brown in sicco, red in vivo, when older dark gray, rounded, with dark red to black straight- to uncinate-ascending setae from nearly globose to 0.6 mm long, occasionally also patchily white-puberulous; overwintering floral buds not seen (absent?). Leaves: petioles 8–22 × (medially) 1.0– 2.5 mm, setulose, slightly winged throughout by decurrent leaf blade base, abaxially rounded, adaxially caniculate, adaxially white-puberulous towards base and along furrow; blades broadly elliptic to slightly ovate, 5.0–10.7 × 3.0– 5.4 mm, 1.2–2.2 times as long as wide, subcoriaceous, abaxially greenish brown to pale or whitish brown in sicco, whitish green in vivo, adaxially light green to grayish green or light brown in sicco, bright green to deeply flushed red in vivo, dark red- to black-glandular punctate- or usually appressed to ascendingsetulose on both sides, more densely so abaxially, with setae persistent, up to 0.40 mm long, adaxially puberulous on midvein toward base or ± throughout and often on secondary veins, midvein abaxially prominent, adaxially caniculate, secondary veins 3 to 6 on each side of midvein, arc-ascending, not extending to margin, abaxially raised, adaxially slightly raised to slightly impressed, tertiary veins raised or planar on both sides, base broadly cuneate or rarely subrounded, decurrent into petiole, margin serrulate with 15 to 20 setulose teeth per side, teeth more prominent toward apex, often reduced to punctae proximally, revolute, apex obtuse, bluntly glandular-mucronate, mucro 0.8–2.0 mm long. Inflorescences of axillary and pseudoterminal racemes (pseudoterminal inflorescences occasionally with 2 branches or rarely 7 branches) mainly from distal leaf axils along branchlet, 1 to 3 per leaf axil or up to 7 scattered along branchlet end, 3–4 cm long, 6- to 19-flowered, erect but flowers pendulous; peduncle and rachis 0.6–0.8 mm wide, slightly angled, setulose, occasionally white-puberulous; perules persistent, similar to bracts; bracts narrowly deltoid, cucullate, keeled, 1.3–2.3 × 0.8–1.5 mm, occasionally longer toward inflorescence base, abaxially glabrous or occasionally glandular-punctate, adaxially white-puberulous, margin ciliolate and often globose- to elongate-glandular, apex sharply acute. Pedicels 2.5–6 mm long, setulose or rarely glabrous below bracteoles and puberulous above bracteoles; bracteoles borne medially, narrowly deltoid, cucullate, not keeled, 1.2–2 × 0.7–1.3 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially white-puberulous, margin often ciliolate, often globose- to elongate-glandular, apex sharply acute. Calyx 1.9–3.5 mm long, tube broadly funnelform to cupuliform, white-puberulent especially toward base, trichomes up to 0.2 mm long, lobes 5, green to white or slightly flushed red, narrowly deltoid to deltoid-ovate, 1.6–2.6 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, outside sparsely puberulous, inside sericeous-puberulous, margin elongate-glandular and usually white-ciliolate, apex sharply acute. Corolla white or pinkish white, urceolate, 4.0–5.6 × 2.2–3.9 mm, outside glabrous or occasionally puberulous, inside white-hirtellous with trichomes up to 0.4 mm long; lobes 5, hemispherical, 0.8–1.1 × 0.7–1.2 mm. Stamens 10; filaments ca. 1.5 mm long, dilated submedially, papillate-puberulent; anther cells 0.8–1.2 mm long, awns 2 per theca, 0.2–0.6 mm long. Nectar disk 10-dentate. Ovary white-hirtellous, trichomes up to 0.4 mm long; style 2.5– 4.0 mm long, glabrous. Infructescences 3.5–8.3 cm long. Fruiting pedicels 4–8 mm long. Fruiting calyx in vivo blue to dark purple, occasionally glaucous, in sicco nigrescent, occasionally glaucous, slightly wrinkled, obturbinate, closed, 3.6–7.5 × 4.5–6.5 mm, fleshy; lobes ovate, 3.5–4.0 × 3.0– 3.5 mm, glabrous, margin not ciliolate, apex acuminate, in vivo fleshy and incurved, covering capsule, in sicco thin and spreading, not completely covering capsule. Capsule depressed-globose, 3.5–5.0 mm diam., white-sericeous. Seeds brown. Classification — Gaultheria sect. Brossaea ser. Leucothoide s. Phylogenetic placement — Leucothoides s.l. clade. Images — Figure 3. Illustration — Figure 4. Phenology —flowering February, August, November, December; fruiting May. Habitat, elevation range, and distribution —Evergreen forest, pine forest, meadow in forest gap, dry ridge, forest edge, roadside, open or semi-shaded with scattered Rhododendron Linnaeus 1753: 392) and Lyonia Nuttall (1818: 266); 1,829 – 2,710 m elevation. Endemic to Myanmar (Chin [Mindat District]); Figure 5. Additional specimens examined (paratypes) — MYANMAR. Chin: Mindat District, Kanpetlet Township. [Natma Taung National Park,] Mt. Victoria, 3 miles below, 27 May 1924 (fr), R.E. Cooper 5979A (E E00197148!); between Kanpetlet and 10 miles base camp of Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria), Natma Taung National Park, 2,220 m, 21°12’49.6”N, 94°00’50.7”E, 11 February 2012 (fl), K. Fujikawa et al. 086544 (MBK No. 0239732!); around 10 miles base camp of Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria), Natma Taung National Park, 2,710 m, 21°13’08.0”N, 93°56’23.8”E, 12 February 2012 (fl, young fr), K. Fujikawa et al. 086581 (MBK No. 0239743!); ca. 37 miles (Mindat–Matupi road) from Mindat, Mindat Township, Natma Taung National Park, 2,460 m, 21°33’59.0”N, 93°48’00.3”E, 26 May 2012 (fr), K. Fujikawa et al. 089310 (MBK No. 0243050!); ca. 4–8 miles from entrance of national park, between Kanpetlet and 10 miles base camp of Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria), Natma Taung National Park, 2,220–2,600 m, 21°12’19.6”N, 94°01’31.6”E, 29 May 2012 (fr), K. Fujikawa et al. 089541 (BRIT BRIT713360!, MBK No. 0246484!); 37 miles from Mindat, between Mindat and Matupi (Mindat–Matupi Road), Mindat Township, Natma Taung National Park, 2,450–2,545 m, 21°33’58.3”N, 93°48’01.5”E, 31 August 2013 (fl), K. Fujikawa et al. 094743 (BRIT BRIT713361!, MBK No. 0255051!); [Natma Taung National Park,] Mt. Victoria, Kanpetlet Road, 8,000 ft, 5 November 1956 (fl), F. Kingdon-Ward 22826 (BM BM013823055!*); [Natma Taung National Park,] Mt. Victoria, 7,000 ft, 16 April 1925 (young fr), R. Unwin 3048 (E E00887328!*). Possible additional specimen — Chin: [Mindat District, Kanpetlet Township,] Natma Taung National Park area near Kampetlet-Mindat Road on laurel forest edges, 2,560 m, 21°13’14”N, 93°57’35”E, 3 February 2014, Ling S.M. SM-41 (HHU n.v.; as Gaultheria longibracteolata in Kang et al. 2017). This specimen is listed as G. longibracteolata (= G. discolor) in Kang et al. 2017 but may be G. natmataungensis as judged from its locality. Conservation assessment— In the absence of definitive information, we recommend the category “Data Deficient” (DD) for Gaultheria natmataungensis in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2022). It grows within the protected area of Natma Taung National Park but has a risk of habitat loss from road expansion. The number of individuals and populations located in the park has not been assessed. Discussion —In the process of compiling this checklist, we encountered digital images of specimens collected by R.E. Cooper, F. Kingdon-Ward, and R. Unwin from Mt. Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria) that appeared to differ from the known species of Gaultheria. The new species status of these specimens was confirmed by examination of recent material collected by authors Fujikawa and Aung from Mt. Natma Taung in Natma Taung National Park and a review of the relevant literature (Sleumer 1967, Airy Shaw 1941, Fang & Stevens 2005, Fritsch et al. 2008, Watthana 2015, Panda 2015). The species is described above as Gaultheria natmataungensis, with the specific epithet referring to its occurrence on Mt. Natma Taung. It is the only known species of Gaultheria that is endemic to Myanmar. Gaultheria natmataungensis is assignable to Gaultheria sect. Brossaea D.J.Middleton ser. Leucothoides D.J.Middleton by leaf blade secondary veins pinnate, inflorescences of true racemes of> 4 flowers with perules, bracts et al. (2019a). It is unique within this series by the combination of setose branchlets, slightly winged petioles 8–22 mm long, leaf blades 5.0–10.7 × 3.0– 5.4 mm and glandular-punctate to setulose on both sides with broadly cuneate or rarely subrounded base, inflorescence peduncles and rachises setulose, bracts 1.4–2.3 × 0.8–1.5 mm, flowers strictly 5-merous, pedicels 2.5–6 mm long, bracteoles borne medially along pedicel, calyx outside white-puberulous, corollas urceolate, and stamens 10. See also Appendix Notes 3, 4 and 6., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. 2 vols. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 1200 pp.","Nuttall, T. (1818) The genera of North American plants. Vol. 1. D. Heartt, Philadelphia, 312 pp.","Kang, D. - H., Ling, S. M., Kim, Y. - D. & Ong, H. G. (2017) New records of flowering plants of the flora of Myanmar collected from Natma Taung National Park (Chin State). Korean Journal of Botany 47: 199 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.11110 / kjpt. 2017.47.3.199","IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 101 pp. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 17 September 2021).","Sleumer, H. (1967) Ericaceae. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1. Vol. 6. Pt. 5. N. V. Dijkstra's Drukkerij V / H Boekdrukkerij Gebr. Hoitsema, Groningen, pp. 669 - 914.","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Fang, R. - C. & Stevens, P. F. (2005) Gaultheria. In: Wu, Z. - Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 464 - 475.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214.","Watthana, S. (2015) Ericaceae. In: Newman, M. & Barfod, A. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand. Vol. 13. Pt. 1. The Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, pp. 101 - 141.","Panda, S. (2015) Diversity of the genus Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae) with special reference to the Eastern Himalayas of India, Nepal, and Bhutan. In: Hartmann, M. & Weipart, J. (Eds.) Biodiversity and natural heritage of the Himalaya. Vol. 5. Naturkundemuseum,","Middleton, D. J. (1991) Infrageneric classification of the genus Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 106: 229 - 258. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1991. tb 02293. x","Lu, L., Fritsch, P. W., Matzke, N. J., Wang, H., Kron, K. A., Li, D. - Z. & Wiens, J. J. (2019 a) Why is fruit colour so variable? Phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships between fruit-colour evolution, biogeography and diversification. Global Ecology and Biogeography 28: 891 - 903. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / geb. 12900"]}

18. Gaultheria pyrolifolia Hook.f. ex C.B.Clarke (1882: 457) [“ pyrolaefolia ”]. Type:— INDIA. Sikkim: Lachen, 13,000 ft, 20 June 1849, J.D. Hooker s.n. (lectotype, designated by Fritsch and Trock 2007, K000442406!, probable isolectotypes E E00231344!, GH 00014991!, NY 00010866!*, P P00538543!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Fritsch, P. W. & Trock, D. K. (2007) Lectotypification of Gaultheria pyrolifolia and G. pyroloides (Ericaceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1: 97 - 102. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 41971393]"]}

Key to the species of Gaultheria from Myanmar 1. Inflorescences always 1-flowered; larger leaf blades 0.15–1.5 × 0.1–0.9 cm (0.6–2.1 × 0.5–1.9 cm in G. nummularioides). 2. Bracteoles more than 2, not apical; corolla inside pubescent; filaments pubescent................................. G. nummularioides 2. Bracteoles 2, apical; corolla and filaments glabrous. 3. Branchlets long trailing; calyx lobes and corolla lobes 4; calyx at fruiting red............................. G. suborbicularis 3. Branchlets not long trailing; calyx lobes and corolla lobes 5 (rarely 4 in G. hypochlora and G. sinensis); calyx at fruiting blue, white, or rarely pinkish white or pink. 4. Calyx and often bracteoles ciliolate at apex (cilia often visible on fruiting calyx lobes as well). 5. Longer leaf blades elliptic to slightly obovate, 3.1–5.7 mm wide, abaxial setae 1 to ca. 23 situated along or near midvein, midvein thickened abaxially immediately below apical gland; flowering calyx red or green flushed red; fruiting calyx crateriform to broadly cupuliform....... G. ciliisepala 5. Longer leaf blades obovate to broadly obovate, 4.5–7.2 mm wide, abaxial setae 4 to ca. 100 situated along midvein and usually spread across surface often to near margin, midvein usually not thickened or occasionally thickened abaxially immediately below apical gland; flowering calyx green; fruiting calyx broadly turbinate or rarely broadly cupuliform.......................... G. hypochlora 4. Calyx and bracteoles eciliolate. 6. Fruiting calyx white. 7. Leaf blades 2–3 mm long; overwintering flower bud pedicels 0.1–0.2 mm long; capsule maroon....................................................................................... G. bryoides 7. Leaf blades 6–14 mm long; overwintering flower bud pedicels 0.9–2.4 mm long; capsule green (color unknown in G. thymifolia). 8. Corolla urceolate, lobes 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.9 mm; anther cells 0.8–1.0 mm long, awns 0.5–0.6 mm long; style 2.5–3.0 mm long; fruiting calyx 8–11 × 7–8 mm................................................................................ G. cardiosepala 8. Corolla campanulate, lobes 1–3 × 1–2 mm; anther cells 0.4–0.7 mm long, awns 0.2–0.3 mm long; style ca. 1.5 mm long; fruiting calyx 6–8 × 8–11 mm............................................................................................ G. thymifolia 6. Fruiting calyx blue. 9. Fruiting calyx closed. 10. Fruiting pedicels 9–17 mm long.................. G. dolichopoda 10. Fruiting pedicels 2–4 mm long....................... G. crassifolia 9. Fruiting calyx open. 11. Leaf blade marginal setae 0.1–0.4 mm long............................................................................ G. sinensis 11. Leaf blade marginal setae 0.5–1.3 mm long. 12. Leaf blades always glabrous abaxially, marginal teeth (setae) 3 to 8 per side; overwintering flower bud pedicels 1.1–1.5 mm long....................................... G. minuta 12. At least some leaf blades abaxially with one or more setae along midvein, marginal teeth (setae) 8 to 14 per side; overwintering flower bud pedicels 1.7–3.8 mm long............................................................ G. obovata 1. Some or all inflorescences with more than one flower; larger leaf blades 1.4–17.0 × 0.7–9.7 cm. 13. At least one secondary vein on each side of leaf blade arising at or near base of blade and extending to apex or nearly so. 14. Leaf blade secondary veins 2 to 4 on each side of midvein, margin with 10 to 25 teeth per side; rachis and pedicels hirsute or lanate; bracteoles apical; corolla urceolate, villous inside........................................................ G. discolor 14. Leaf blade secondary veins 1 or 2 on each side of midvein, margin with 25 to many teeth per side; rachis and pedicels glabrous or puberulent; bracteoles basal; corolla campanulate, glabrous................................. G. dumicola 13. Secondary veins all arising along midvein with proximal veins becoming faint or anastomosing before reaching apex. 15. Bracteoles apical or subapical along pedicel. 16. Leaf blades lanceolate, rounded to truncate or cordate at base; corolla campanulate............................................................................................................................................................. G. leucocarpa 16. Leaf blades elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate, cuneate to subrounded at base; corolla urceolate to subglobose. 17. Branchlets glabrous or occasionally sparsely setulose (or puberulent or both); corolla 3.5– 5.0 mm long; stamens 10; filaments 1.5–2.0 mm long, sparsely pilose.... G. fragrantissima 17. Branchlets densely setose and puberulent; corolla 2.0– 3.5 mm long; stamens (2 to)5(to 8); filaments 0.5–1.3 mm long, glabrous.............................................................. G. semi-infera 15. Bracteoles ± medial along pedicel. 18. Leaf blades abaxially patent- to erect-villous-hirsute; bracts rhombic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, apex long-recurved-acuminate; calyx lobes acuminate at apex....................................................................................................................... G. wardii 18. Leaf blades abaxially glandular-punctate or appressed to ascending-setose or stipitate-glandular; bracts narrowly deltoid, broadly elliptic, ovate, or suborbicular, apex rounded to short-acuminate; calyx lobes obtuse to sharply acute at apex. 19. Leaf margins with ca. 40 to 90 teeth per side. 20. Stems narrowly 3-winged; petioles 2–3 mm long; base of leaf blade shallowly cordate; inflorescence peduncle and rachis white-villous, trichomes up to ca. 1 mm long; bracts abaxially sericeous-villous to -hirsute at least on basal half;... bracteoles 2.8–3.2 mm long; calyx lobes 3.0–3.9 × 1.9–2.4 mm............................................ G. insignis 20. Stems rounded to angulate; petioles 4–12 mm long; base of leaf blade cuneate to rounded; inflorescence peduncle and rachis whitepubescent, trichomes up to ca. 0.2 mm long; bracts abaxially glabrous; bracteoles 1.5–2.0 mm long; calyx lobes 1.5–2.8 × 1.3– 1.8 mm....................................................................... G. griffithiana 19. Leaf margins with ca. 8 to 40 (to 47 in some G. stapfiana) teeth per side. 21. Petioles slightly winged, 8–22 mm long; bracts keeled, 1.3–2.3 mm long................................... G. natmataungensis 21. Petioles not winged, 1–8(–10) mm long; bracts not keeled, 2.3–6 mm long. 22. Shrublets 0.03–0.50 m tall; leaf blades 1.4–3.7 cm long, abaxially stipitate-glandular, margin with 8 to 19 teeth per side; inflorescences 1- to 5-flowered; bracts obtuse to rounded at apex........ G. pyrolifolia 22. Shrubs 0.3–3.0 m tall; leaf blades 3.0– 12.7 cm long, abaxially gland-dotted to appressed setulose or setose, margin with 20 to 40(to 47) teeth per side; inflorescences 7- to 24-flowered; bracts acute to shortly acuminate at apex. 23. Branchlets sparsely hispid setose, setae generally appressed-ascending..................................................................... G. stapfiana 23. Branchlets densely hispid-setose, setae generally patent-erect................. G. hookeri, Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 54-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451

14. Gaultheria minuta Merrill (1941: 152). Type:— MYANMAR. Kachin: [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Adung Valley, 12,500 ft, 28°20’N, 97°45’E, 25 June 1931, F. Kingdon-Ward 9701 (holotype A 00014989!, photograph of A in K, isotype BM BM000996565!*). = Gaultheria sinensis J.Anthony in Anonymous (1933: 19) var. layaensis S.J.Rae & D.G.Long in Long (1988 publ. 1989: 334)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1941) The Upper Burma plants collected by Captain F. Kingdon Ward on the Vernay-Cutting Expedition, 1938 - 39. Brittonia 4: 20 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2804985","Anonymous (1933) Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis congitarum. DLI - DLXIX. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 18: 17 - 36.","Long, D. G. (1988 publ. 1989) Notes relating to the flora of Bhutan: XIII. Ericaceae Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45: 327 - 335."]}

7. Gaultheria dumicola W.W.Sm. in Anonymous (1916: 106). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: [Tengchong Xian,] hills west of Tengyueh, 6,000 ft, 25°N, July 1912, G. Forrest 8573 (lectotype, designated by Fritsch et al. 2008, E E00231122!, isolectotypes A00057740!, K K000227988!). = Gaultheria dumicola W.W.Sm. var. petanoneuron Airy Shaw (1933: t. 3206). = Gaultheria dumicola W.W.Sm. var. aspera Airy Shaw (1941: 312). = Diplycosia pauciseta Merrill (1941: 153). = Diplycosia alboglauca Merrill (1941: 153). = Gaultheria dumicola W.W.Sm. var. pubipes Airy Shaw (1948: 110)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Anonymous (1916) Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum. CLI - CCL. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 9: 71 - 144.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214.","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1933) Gaultheria dumicola var. petanoneuron Airy-Shaw. Hooker's Icones plantarum 33: t. 3206.","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Merrill, E. D. (1941) The Upper Burma plants collected by Captain F. Kingdon Ward on the Vernay-Cutting Expedition, 1938 - 39. Brittonia 4: 20 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2804985","Airy Shaw, H. K. (1948) Studies in the Ericales: VI. Further notes on Gaultheria dumicola W. W. Sm. Kew Bulletin 3: 109 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4118932"]}

22. Gaultheria suborbicularis W.W.Smith in Anonymous (1914: 186). ≡ Chiogenes suborbicularis (W.W.Sm.) Ching ex T.Z. Hsu (1984: 40). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Western Yunnan, 15,000 ft, F. Kingdon-Ward 850 (lectotype, designated by Fritsch et al. 2008, E E00231017!, isolectotype E E00231018!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Anonymous (1914) Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum. LI - CII. (Species chinenses.) Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 8: 173 - 212.","Hsu, T-Z. (1984) Taxonomy and phytogeography of Chiogenes Salisbury. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 6: 39 - 42.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214."]}

13. Gaultheria leucocarpa Blume (1826: 856). ≡ Brossaea leucocarpa (Blume) Kuntze (1891: 388). Type:— INDONESIA. Java: C.L. Blume s.n. (lectotype, designated by Sleumer 1957, L 0007112!*). = Gaultheria laxiflora Diels (1900: 515). = Pieris fortunati H. Léveillé (1907: 369). = Pieris vaccinium H. Léveillé (1911: 448). = Embelia vaniotii H. Léveillé (1914 –1915: 285). = Gaultheria crenulata Kurz (1873: 195). = Vaccinium yunnanense Franchet (1895: 368). ≡ Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder (1934: 282)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio generum plantarum. Parts 1 & 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig, 1011 pp.","Sleumer, H. (1957) Florae Malesianae praecursores XIV. The genus Gaultheria in Malaysia. Reinwardtia 4: 163 - 188.","Diels, L. (1900) Die flora von Central-China. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 29: 169 - 659.","Leveille, H. (1907) Nouvelles especes de la China. pp. 368 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1907.10831277","Leveille, H. (1911) Decades plantarum novarum. LIX - LXX. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 9: 441 - 463. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19110092706","Leveille, H. (1914 - 1915) Flore du Kouy-Tcheou. Lithograph of hand-written manuscript, Le Mans, France, 532 pp.","Kurz, S. (1873) On a few plants from Yunan. Journal of Botany 11: 193 - 196.","Franchet, A. (1895) Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 9: 364 - 368.","Rehder, A. (1934) Notes on the ligneous plants described by Leveille from eastern Asia. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 15: 267 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 185315"]}

3. Gaultheria ciliisepala Airy Shaw ex P.W.Fritsch & Lu Lu in Fritsch et al. (2015: 5). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan Dulongzu Nuzu Zizhixian, Dulongjiang Xiang, Sandui, W side of Gaoligong Shan, along Gamolai He on trail from Xishaofang to Bapo, 2,570 m, 27°43’00”N, 98°25’20”E, 17 July 2002, H. Li 15033 (holotype KUN 0789567!, isotype CAS 435517!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Fritsch, P. W., Lu, L., Wang, H. & Li, D. - Z. (2015) New species, taxonomic renovations, and typifications in Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae). Phytotaxa 201 (1): 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 201.1.1"]}

3. Gaultheria ciliisepala Airy Shaw ex P.W.Fritsch & Lu Lu in Fritsch et al. (2015: 5). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan Dulongzu Nuzu Zizhixian, Dulongjiang Xiang, Sandui, W side of Gaoligong Shan, along Gamolai He on trail from Xishaofang to Bapo, 2,570 m, 27°43’00”N, 98°25’20”E, 17 July 2002, H. Li 15033 (holotype KUN 0789567!, isotype CAS 435517!).

21. Gaultheria stapfiana Airy Shaw (1952: 171). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: [Tengchong Xian,] western flank of the Shweli-Salwin divide, 25°40’N, 9,000 ft, June 1919, G. Forrest 18021 (holotype E E00197227!, isotypes A 00115242!, K K000227998!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1952) Studies in the Ericales: X. An undescribed Asiatic Gaultheria, with a key to the Sino-Himalayan species of Section Leucothoides. Kew Bulletin 7: 171 - 174. 1952. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4109259"]}

Key to the species of Gaultheria from Myanmar 1. Inflorescences always 1-flowered; larger leaf blades 0.15–1.5 × 0.1–0.9 cm (0.6–2.1 × 0.5–1.9 cm in G. nummularioides). 2. Bracteoles more than 2, not apical; corolla inside pubescent; filaments pubescent................................. G. nummularioides 2. Bracteoles 2, apical; corolla and filaments glabrous. 3. Branchlets long trailing; calyx lobes and corolla lobes 4; calyx at fruiting red............................. G. suborbicularis 3. Branchlets not long trailing; calyx lobes and corolla lobes 5 (rarely 4 in G. hypochlora and G. sinensis); calyx at fruiting blue, white, or rarely pinkish white or pink. 4. Calyx and often bracteoles ciliolate at apex (cilia often visible on fruiting calyx lobes as well). 5. Longer leaf blades elliptic to slightly obovate, 3.1–5.7 mm wide, abaxial setae 1 to ca. 23 situated along or near midvein, midvein thickened abaxially immediately below apical gland; flowering calyx red or green flushed red; fruiting calyx crateriform to broadly cupuliform....... G. ciliisepala 5. Longer leaf blades obovate to broadly obovate, 4.5–7.2 mm wide, abaxial setae 4 to ca. 100 situated along midvein and usually spread across surface often to near margin, midvein usually not thickened or occasionally thickened abaxially immediately below apical gland; flowering calyx green; fruiting calyx broadly turbinate or rarely broadly cupuliform.......................... G. hypochlora 4. Calyx and bracteoles eciliolate. 6. Fruiting calyx white. 7. Leaf blades 2–3 mm long; overwintering flower bud pedicels 0.1–0.2 mm long; capsule maroon....................................................................................... G. bryoides 7. Leaf blades 6–14 mm long; overwintering flower bud pedicels 0.9–2.4 mm long; capsule green (color unknown in G. thymifolia). 8. Corolla urceolate, lobes 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.9 mm; anther cells 0.8–1.0 mm long, awns 0.5–0.6 mm long; style 2.5–3.0 mm long; fruiting calyx 8–11 × 7–8 mm................................................................................ G. cardiosepala 8. Corolla campanulate, lobes 1–3 × 1–2 mm; anther cells 0.4–0.7 mm long, awns 0.2–0.3 mm long; style ca. 1.5 mm long; fruiting calyx 6–8 × 8–11 mm............................................................................................ G. thymifolia 6. Fruiting calyx blue. 9. Fruiting calyx closed. 10. Fruiting pedicels 9–17 mm long.................. G. dolichopoda 10. Fruiting pedicels 2–4 mm long....................... G. crassifolia 9. Fruiting calyx open. 11. Leaf blade marginal setae 0.1–0.4 mm long............................................................................ G. sinensis 11. Leaf blade marginal setae 0.5–1.3 mm long. 12. Leaf blades always glabrous abaxially, marginal teeth (setae) 3 to 8 per side; overwintering flower bud pedicels 1.1–1.5 mm long....................................... G. minuta 12. At least some leaf blades abaxially with one or more setae along midvein, marginal teeth (setae) 8 to 14 per side; overwintering flower bud pedicels 1.7–3.8 mm long............................................................ G. obovata 1. Some or all inflorescences with more than one flower; larger leaf blades 1.4–17.0 × 0.7–9.7 cm. 13. At least one secondary vein on each side of leaf blade arising at or near base of blade and extending to apex or nearly so. 14. Leaf blade secondary veins 2 to 4 on each side of midvein, margin with 10 to 25 teeth per side; rachis and pedicels hirsute or lanate; bracteoles apical; corolla urceolate, villous inside........................................................ G. discolor 14. Leaf blade secondary veins 1 or 2 on each side of midvein, margin with 25 to many teeth per side; rachis and pedicels glabrous or puberulent; bracteoles basal; corolla campanulate, glabrous................................. G. dumicola 13. Secondary veins all arising along midvein with proximal veins becoming faint or anastomosing before reaching apex. 15. Bracteoles apical or subapical along pedicel. 16. Leaf blades lanceolate, rounded to truncate or cordate at base; corolla campanulate............................................................................................................................................................. G. leucocarpa 16. Leaf blades elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate, cuneate to subrounded at base; corolla urceolate to subglobose. 17. Branchlets glabrous or occasionally sparsely setulose (or puberulent or both); corolla 3.5– 5.0 mm long; stamens 10; filaments 1.5–2.0 mm long, sparsely pilose.... G. fragrantissima 17. Branchlets densely setose and puberulent; corolla 2.0– 3.5 mm long; stamens (2 to)5(to 8); filaments 0.5–1.3 mm long, glabrous.............................................................. G. semi-infera 15. Bracteoles ± medial along pedicel. 18. Leaf blades abaxially patent- to erect-villous-hirsute; bracts rhombic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, apex long-recurved-acuminate; calyx lobes acuminate at apex....................................................................................................................... G. wardii 18. Leaf blades abaxially glandular-punctate or appressed to ascending-setose or stipitate-glandular; bracts narrowly deltoid, broadly elliptic, ovate, or suborbicular, apex rounded to short-acuminate; calyx lobes obtuse to sharply acute at apex. 19. Leaf margins with ca. 40 to 90 teeth per side. 20. Stems narrowly 3-winged; petioles 2–3 mm long; base of leaf blade shallowly cordate; inflorescence peduncle and rachis white-villous, trichomes up to ca. 1 mm long; bracts abaxially sericeous-villous to -hirsute at least on basal half;... bracteoles 2.8–3.2 mm long; calyx lobes 3.0–3.9 × 1.9–2.4 mm............................................ G. insignis 20. Stems rounded to angulate; petioles 4–12 mm long; base of leaf blade cuneate to rounded; inflorescence peduncle and rachis whitepubescent, trichomes up to ca. 0.2 mm long; bracts abaxially glabrous; bracteoles 1.5–2.0 mm long; calyx lobes 1.5–2.8 × 1.3– 1.8 mm....................................................................... G. griffithiana 19. Leaf margins with ca. 8 to 40 (to 47 in some G. stapfiana) teeth per side. 21. Petioles slightly winged, 8–22 mm long; bracts keeled, 1.3–2.3 mm long................................... G. natmataungensis 21. Petioles not winged, 1–8(–10) mm long; bracts not keeled, 2.3–6 mm long. 22. Shrublets 0.03–0.50 m tall; leaf blades 1.4–3.7 cm long, abaxially stipitate-glandular, margin with 8 to 19 teeth per side; inflorescences 1- to 5-flowered; bracts obtuse to rounded at apex........ G. pyrolifolia 22. Shrubs 0.3–3.0 m tall; leaf blades 3.0– 12.7 cm long, abaxially gland-dotted to appressed setulose or setose, margin with 20 to 40(to 47) teeth per side; inflorescences 7- to 24-flowered; bracts acute to shortly acuminate at apex. 23. Branchlets sparsely hispid setose, setae generally appressed-ascending..................................................................... G. stapfiana 23. Branchlets densely hispid-setose, setae generally patent-erect................. G. hookeri

Classification — Gaultheria sect. Brossaeopsis Airy Shaw (1941: 307) ser. Dumicolae Airy Shaw (1941: 307). Phylogenetic placement — Leucothoides s.l. clade. Literature — Airy Shaw 1941, Kress et al. 2003, Fang & Stevens 2005, Fritsch et al. 2008. Myanmar specimens — Kachin: Putao District, [Putao Township,] Hponganrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, Hponyinrazi Camp 2, 2505 m, 27°36’54.4”N, 96°58’57.1”E, 2 May 2018, K. Armstrong et al. 4062 (NY 04290204!, RAF!); [Putao District, Sumprabum Township,] Sumprabum Sub-Division, Janrawng Bum, 7,000–9,000 ft, 7 January 1962, J. Keenan et al. 3172 (E E00197167!, K K000618954!); [Myitkyina District, Chipwi Township,] Pyepat Ridge, 6,000 ft, 17 December 1938, F. Kingdon-Ward 128 (NY 00009985!); [Myitkyina District, Tsawlaw Township,] Chaungmaw, 7,000 ft, 10 August 1919, F. Kingdon-Ward 3486 (E E00231075!); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Adung Valley, 1800 m, 17 February 1931, F. Kingdon Ward 9245 (A!, BM BM000802683!*); [Putao District, Nawngmun Township, Hkakaborazi National Park,] Nam Tamai Valley, Mungku Hkyet, 7,000–8,000 ft, 1937, F. Kingdon-Ward 13489 (BM BM000834407!); [Putao District, Khaunglanphu Township,] North Triangle, Uring Bum, above Ahkail, 7,000 ft, 30 May 1953, F. Kingdon-Ward 20944 (BM BM000834406, E E00197194!); [Myitkyina District, Chipwi Township,] Kang-fang, 1600 m, 6 December 1938, Vernay-Cutting Expedition (F. Kingdon Ward) 84 (NY 00009984!*). Notes — Kress et al. 2003 did not list G. dumicola but instead listed two of its heterotypic synonyms, i.e., Diplycosia alboglauca and D. pauciseta., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C., 590 pp.","Fang, R. - C. & Stevens, P. F. (2005) Gaultheria. In: Wu, Z. - Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 464 - 475.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214."]}

23. Gaultheria thymifolia Stapf ex Airy Shaw (1941: 322). Type:— MYANMAR. Kachin: [Myitkyina District, Chipwi Township,] NE Upper Burma, W flank of the N’Maikha-Salwin divide, 12,000 ft, 26°24’N, 98°48’E, June 1925, G. Forrest 26867 (holotype K K000227985!, isotypes AU045662!*, BM BM000834397!, E E00231094!, NY 02651432!, S 08-3001!*)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Airy Shaw, H. K. (1941) XLIII - Studies in the Ericales: IV. Classification of the Asiatic species of Gaultheria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1940: 306 - 330. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4120216] https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4120216"]}

10. Gaultheria hookeri C.B.Clarke in Hooker (1882: 458). Type:— INDIA. Sikkim: Lachen, 10,000–11,000 ft, 2 August 1849, J.D. Hooker s.n. (lectotype, designated by Fritsch et al. 2008, K K000442396!). = Gaultheria hookeri C.B.Clarke in Hooker (1882: 458) var. angustifolia C.B.Clarke in Hooker (1882: 458). = Gaultheria veitchiana Craib (1912: 188)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Hooker, J. D. (1882) The flora of British India. Vol. 3. L. Reeve, London, 712 pp.","Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214.","Craib, W. G. (1912) New or noteworthy plants. Gardeners' Chronicle, ser. 3, 52: 188."]}

1. Gaultheria bryoides P.W.Fritsch & L.H.Zhou in Fritsch et al. (2008: 154). Type:— MYANMAR. Kachin: [Putao District, Nawngmun Township,] Nam Tamai Valley, 1937–1939, F. Kingdon-Ward 13216a (holotype BM BM000834414!)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Fritsch, P. W., Zhou, L. - H., Lu, L. & Bartholomew, B. (2008) The flowering plant genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in the Gaoligong Shan, along the border region of China and Myanmar. [Ser. 4] Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 59: 147 - 214."]}

16. Gaultheria nummularioides D. Don (1825: 150). ≡ Brossaea nummularioides (D.Don) Kuntze (1891: 388). Type:— NEPAL. Hab. in alpibus Nepaliae [protologue], N. Wallich s.n., “E Napalia. 1818” [sheet] (lectotype, designated here, BM BM000521848!). = Gaultheria nummularioides D.Don var. elliptica Rehder & E.H.Wilson (1913: 555). = Gaultheria nummularioides D.Don var. microphylla C.Y.Wu & T.Z.Hsu in Xu (1986: 697). = Gaultheria repens Blume (1826: 857). ≡ Pernettya repens (Blume) Zollinger & Moritzi in Moritzi (1846: 42)., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Don, D. (1825) Prodromus florae Nepalensis. J. Gale, London, 256 pp.","Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio generum plantarum. Parts 1 & 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig, 1011 pp.","Xu, T. - Z. (1986) Leucothoe. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Eds.) Flora Xizangica. Vol. 3. Science Press, Beijing, p. 684.","Moritzi, A. (1846) Sytematisches verzeichniss. Verlage des Verfassers, Druck von Fr. X. Zepfel, Solothurn, 144 pp."]}

24. Gaultheria wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw in Marquand (1929: 198). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Tong-kyuk, 9,000 ft, 10 August 1924, F. Kingdon-Ward 6071 (holotype K K000442412!). = Gaultheria trichoclada C.Y.Wu in Xu (1981: 424). = Gaultheria wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw in Marquand (1929: 198) var. elongata R.C. Fang (1999: 174).

Classification — Gaultheria sect. Brossaea ser. Leucothoides. Phylogenetic placement — Leucothoides s.l. clade. Images — Figure 1. Illustration — Figure 2. Phenology —flowering April. 1 Habitat, elevation range, and distribution —Primary forest, Tsuga (Endlicher 1847: 83) Carrière (1855: 185) forest margins, 2,386 – 2,800 m elevation. China (Xizang: Zayü; Myanmar (Kachin: Putao District). Myanmar specimen — Kachin: Putao District. Hponganrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, between Hponyinrazi camp 1 and camp 2, 2,386 m, 27°36’47.1”N, 96°58’55.1”E, 30 April 2018 (fl), K. Armstrong et al. 4036 (ASM!, BRIT BRIT541063!, E!, NY 04290478!, RAF!). Notes — Gaultheria griffithiana var. insignis was described by R.C. Fang (1999) on the basis of a single collection from Zayü County, Xizang Province, China and stated by Fang to differ from the nominate variety by lanuginose rachises (versus pubescent), tomentose pedicels (versus pubescent), densely sericeous bracts and calyx interiors (versus subglabrous), and subcordate bases of the leaf blades (versus obtuse-rounded). In addition to these characters (although described slightly differently above), we find that it also differs by narrowly 3-winged stems (versus at most angulate), petioles 2–3 mm long (versus 4–12 mm), leaf blade secondary veins 9 to 12 on each side of midvein (versus 3 to 6), proximal secondary veins arcuate, distal secondary veins straight (versus not notably differentiated), leaf blade marginal teeth 73–93 per side (versus 40–75 per side), overwintering buds ovoid (versus linear), bracteoles 2.8–3.2 mm long (versus 1.5–2.0 mm long), and calyx lobes 3.0–3.9 × 1.9–2.4 mm (versus 1.5–2.8 × 1.3–1.8 mm), inside glabrous (versus white-tomentose at least apically). We consider these differences to align more with recognition at the species level and accordingly raise var. insignis to the rank of species. Although Gaultheria insignis was originally described as a variety of G. griffithiana, in the key to Gaultheria in the Flora of China (Fang & Stevens 2005) the taxon perhaps keys best to G. brevistipes by the key characters 1b, inflorescence racemose or corymbose, 10b, leaf blade more than 4 cm, 17a, twigs glabrous, 18a, leaf blade base rounded to auriculate-cordate, 19b, inflorescences racemose and secondary veins more than 3 pairs, and 20a, leaf blade auriculate-cordate at base, twigs trigonous and winged and rachis and pedicels pubescent. However, G. insignis is easily distinguished from G. brevistipes by the leaf blade marginal teeth with terminal setae borne at the notch formed by the serration and margin (versus at or toward the apex of the tooth); the leaf blade base shallowly cordate, with the basal sinus sharply angled and basal lobes not or just reaching the attachment point of the petiole to the stem or slightly below (versus base deeply cordate, with the basal sinus rounded and lobes extending well below the attachment point of the petiole to the stem); inflorescences placed below the leaves (versus usually above); peduncle and rachis villous (versus puberulous); bracts persistent (apparently—the fruits in the type material are immature) and sericeous-villous to -hirsute (versus caducous and glabrous); calyx lobes smooth (versus shrivelled; floral characters from Panda 2005); corolla globose or slightly depressed-globose (versus narrowly campanulate); and filaments glabrous (versus pilose). Two specimens, i.e., CHINA. Xizang. [Motuo Xian,] Medog County, Hanmi Village, 2300–2400 m, 3 August 2007 (fr.), L. Lu 07404 (CAS 684674!), and South Tibet /Arunachal Pradesh: [Mechuka, Shi Yomi district], Pachakshiri District, Nyug La, 8,500 ft, 28°45’N, 94°00’E, 11 May 1938 (fl.), F. Ludlow et al. 3737 (E E00197191!) were identified by Lu and Fritsch, respectively, as Gaultheria griffithiana var. insignis. However, in both of these specimens the leaf bases are rounded or only slightly cordate, the inflorescence rachises are puberulent instead of lanate, the bracts and bracteoles are glabrous instead of lanate, and the calyx lobes are ovate-deltoid instead of lanceolate-deltoid. On this basis, we tentatively exclude these specimens from G. insignis. Whether they represent a variant of G. insignis or some other species, a hybrid, or an undescribed taxon requires further study beyond the scope of the current treatment. A lectotype was selected because the KUN specimen cited as the holotype in the protologue and recorded as barcode 482924 in the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (www.cvh.ac.cn; but without image) is missing. Of the two specimens of the Qinhai-Xizang Complex Expedition 73-781 collection at PE, PE 00198242 was selected as lectotype because it has more leaves and inflorescences than PE 00198241., Published as part of Fritsch, Peter W., Armstrong, Kate E., Aung, Mu Mu, Fujikawa, Kazumi & Lu, Lu, 2023, Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination, pp. 37-61 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7889451, {"references":["Endlicher, S. (1847) Synopsis coniferarum. Scheitlin & Zollikofer, Sangalli, 368 pp.","Carriere, E. - A. (1855) Traite general des coniferes. Ed. 1. Published by the author, Paris, 656 pp.","Fang, R. - C. (1999) New taxa of Ericaceae from China. Novon 9: 162 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3391793","Fang, R. - C. & Stevens, P. F. (2005) Gaultheria. In: Wu, Z. - Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 464 - 475.","Panda, S. (2005) Gaultheria brevistipes (C. Y. Wu & T. Z. Hsu) R. C. Fang (Ericaceae) - a new record for India from Talle Valley, Arunachal Pradesh. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47: 177 - 182."]}

The paper summarizes the knowledge on three Vietnamese species of Ericaceae. Craibiodendron yunnanense is newly documented for the flora of Vietnam. The presence of Lyonia villosa in the country is confirmed by specimen citation. We publish a new combination, Vaccinium glaucorubrum, to accommodate the taxon earlier known as Vaccinium gaultheriifolium var. glaucorubrum at species rank. We provide a detailed morphological description of V. glaucorubrum and revise the geographical distribution of this species. We review type material of V. glaucorubrum and designate the specimen at KUN (1208884) as a lectotype. We illustrate all three species with analytical photographs of the plants in the living state.

Vaccinium carmesinum is described as a new species of Ericaceae from Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines. It is similar to V. platyphyllum Merrill and V. luzoniense S.Vidal but is distinct from the former by longer and wider leaves, longer racemes, longer bracts, glabrous corollas, and glabrescent fruits, and from the latter by longer petioles, leaf glands distributed along the blade margin, glabrous rachis, and lanate filaments. Vaccinium carmesinum bears the widest leaves among Philippine Vaccinium. Its discovery increases the number of Vaccinium species recognized in the Philippines to 37.

Vaccinium jubatum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. (Figs. 3–4). Type: — PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Municipality of Impasug-ong, Sitio Intavas, Mt. Kitanglad, 18 July 1991, PPI [Philippine Plant Inventory] 3256 (holotype BRIT BRIT26945!, isotype L L3786394!). Paratypes: — PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Mt. Kitanglad (southern slope), 2200 m elevation, 16 March 1949, Sulit 3390 (A 00016194!, L L0008222!). Diagnosis:— Vaccinium jubatum resembles V. sylvaticum Elmer (1911: 1095) but differs by having dentate leaf margins (vs. entire), shorter inflorescences (2–5 cm vs. 5–8 cm), shorter pedicels (3.0–5.0 mm vs. ca. 7.5 mm), a glabrous calyx (vs. puberulent), and shorter filaments (2.5–2.8 mm vs. ca. 3.5 mm). Description:—Habit shrub or vine, epiphytic, evergreen, multi-branched. Branchlets brown, terete, 2–5 mm wide, glabrous, lenticellate; perennating buds broadly triangular, 1.5–2.0 mm long; bud scales overlapping, margins ciliolate. Leaves persistent on older branchlets, spirally and evenly arranged, glossy and dark green adaxially, light green abaxially, slightly overlapping, internodes 5–10 mm long; petiole dark brown, in cross-section rounded abaxially and flattened adaxially, 3.0–7.0 × 1.5–3.0 mm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, with larger blades on each branchlet 4.0–7.5 × 1.2–2.0 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces glabrous, brown, abaxially with scattered minute punctae; midvein strongly raised abaxially, slightly raised adaxially, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein with first pair arising from base and remainder along midvein, arc-ascending, abaxially and adaxially raised, tertiary veins faintly evident or obscure, base cuneate, margin dentate, non-revolute, teeth tipped by a prominent gland, 8 to 12 per side, scattered along length of margin but more concentrated toward apex, 0.5–0.8 mm wide, apex acuminate. Inflorescences pseudo-terminal or terminal, racemose, developing beyond confines of perennating bud, 1 per axil, 2–5 cm long at anthesis, densely 10- to 14-flowered; peduncle and rachis dark brown, slightly ridged, terete, glabrous; bracts early caducous. Pedicel nodding, 3–5 × 0.4–0.5 mm at anthesis, terete, spreading, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or 2 globose glands near base; ebracteolate. Flowers articulated at junction with pedicel, 2.5–6.0 mm long. Hypanthium dark brown, 1.2–1.4 × 1.2–1.5 mm, glabrous; calyx limb 0.9–1.1 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes 5 or 6, crescent-shaped, 0.7–0.8 mm long, glabrous, margin entire, ciliolate, rounded, with a sessile terminal gland. Corolla ampullaceous, white in upper 1/3 portion, pink at base, 4–5 × 1.3–2.2 mm, both sides glabrous; corolla lobes 5 or 6, 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens 8–10, monomorphic, 3.5–4.0 mm long; filaments light brown, straight, bulged at base, 2.5–2.8 mm long, white-lanate especially toward base, trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm long; anthers 1.0– 1.2 mm long, cells 0.7–0.8 mm long, minutely echinulate, tubules parallel, broadly cylindrical, opening by oblique ventrally oriented apical pores, 0.3–0.4 mm long, pore apex rounded or truncate, spurs absent. Ovary 5- or 6-locular but appearing pseudo-10- to 12- locular with false partitions extending ca. 0.5 mm from inner wall; ovules in two columns per locule. Disk annular, slightly bulky, ca. 0.7 mm × ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous, margin obscurely ridged. Style brown, not exserted from corolla, 4–6 mm long, glabrous. Fruit dark brown, globose, smooth, non-ridged, 4–5 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, slightly recurved; fruiting pedicels ca. 5 mm long. Distribution and Habitat: —This new species is endemic to Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines. It occurs on the northeastern and southern slopes of Mt. Kitanglad Range. Paratypes of V. jubatum were collected near the vicinity of the summit at 2200 m elevation. Etymology: —The specific epithet “ jubatum ” is derived from the Latin word “jubatus” meaning “crested.” This is in reference to the dentate leaf margin of the new species that is tipped by a prominent gland. Phenology: —Flowering in March and July. Proposed Conservation Status: — Vaccinium jubatum is currently only known from its type locality. We know of no other collections of this species. Although Mt. Kitanglad Range is a protected area, the lack of population data precludes assessment with IUCN guidelines. Thus, we recommend a Data Deficient (DD) status for this species (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022). Discussion: — Vaccinium jubatum is a member of Vaccinium sect. Bracteata Nakai in Nakai and Koidzumi (1927: 234) sensu Sleumer (1966 –1967) as per its multi-flowered racemose inflorescences, (minute) caducous bracts, absence of a membranaceous wing at the sinuses of the corolla, and anthers that open by short terminal pores or introrse slits (Sleumer 1966 –1967; Co et al. 2002; Salares et al. 2018). In the artificial key to Philippine Vaccinium (Copeland 1930) and the key to the Malesian Vaccinium (Sleumer 1966 –1967), V. jubatum keys to V. sylvaticum, a species endemic to Mindanao Island. It is distinguished from this species by having longer petioles (3–7 mm vs. ca. 5 mm), shorter corollas (4–5 mm vs. ca. 8 mm), shorter anthers (1.0– 1.2 mm vs. ca. 1.5 mm), and a shorter style (4–6 mm vs. ca. 8 mm) (Elmer 1911; Sleumer 1966 –1967). In the key to Bornean Vaccinium (Argent 2019), V. jubatum keys to V. phillyreoides Sleumer (1940: 163). However, the new species is distinct from V. phillyreoides by having glabrous branchlets (vs. puberulent), larger leaf blades (4.0–7.5 × 1.2–2.0 cm vs. 2.2–3.0 × 0.5–1.0 cm) with dentate leaf margins (vs. entire), glabrous inflorescences (vs. pubescent), shorter pedicels (3–5 mm vs. 5–7 mm), shorter corollas (4–5 mm vs. 8–9 mm), shorter stamens (3.5–4.0 mm vs. 6.0–7.0 mm), and a glabrous disk (vs. densely pubescent). Moreover, the dentate leaf margins with large and raised marginal glands are unique to V. jubatum among the species of Philippine Vaccinium. The specimens Sulit 3390 (A 00016194!; L L0008222!) were annotated as Vaccinium sulitii P.F.Stevens, a name that apparently was never published. These specimens clearly belong to V. jubatum as exhibited by the dentate leaf blade margins. The reason that this name was not published might be because the specimens are merely in flower bud, thus making it difficult to dissect and examine the flower characters within the corolla.

Vaccinium jubatum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. (Figs. 3–4). Type: — PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Municipality of Impasug-ong, Sitio Intavas, Mt. Kitanglad, 18 July 1991, PPI [Philippine Plant Inventory] 3256 (holotype BRIT BRIT26945!, isotype L L3786394!). Paratypes: — PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Mt. Kitanglad (southern slope), 2200 m elevation, 16 March 1949, Sulit 3390 (A 00016194!, L L0008222!). Diagnosis:— Vaccinium jubatum resembles V. sylvaticum Elmer (1911: 1095) but differs by having dentate leaf margins (vs. entire), shorter inflorescences (2–5 cm vs. 5–8 cm), shorter pedicels (3.0–5.0 mm vs. ca. 7.5 mm), a glabrous calyx (vs. puberulent), and shorter filaments (2.5–2.8 mm vs. ca. 3.5 mm). Description:—Habit shrub or vine, epiphytic, evergreen, multi-branched. Branchlets brown, terete, 2–5 mm wide, glabrous, lenticellate; perennating buds broadly triangular, 1.5–2.0 mm long; bud scales overlapping, margins ciliolate. Leaves persistent on older branchlets, spirally and evenly arranged, glossy and dark green adaxially, light green abaxially, slightly overlapping, internodes 5–10 mm long; petiole dark brown, in cross-section rounded abaxially and flattened adaxially, 3.0–7.0 × 1.5–3.0 mm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, with larger blades on each branchlet 4.0–7.5 × 1.2–2.0 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces glabrous, brown, abaxially with scattered minute punctae; midvein strongly raised abaxially, slightly raised adaxially, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein with first pair arising from base and remainder along midvein, arc-ascending, abaxially and adaxially raised, tertiary veins faintly evident or obscure, base cuneate, margin dentate, non-revolute, teeth tipped by a prominent gland, 8 to 12 per side, scattered along length of margin but more concentrated toward apex, 0.5–0.8 mm wide, apex acuminate. Inflorescences pseudo-terminal or terminal, racemose, developing beyond confines of perennating bud, 1 per axil, 2–5 cm long at anthesis, densely 10- to 14-flowered; peduncle and rachis dark brown, slightly ridged, terete, glabrous; bracts early caducous. Pedicel nodding, 3–5 × 0.4–0.5 mm at anthesis, terete, spreading, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or 2 globose glands near base; ebracteolate. Flowers articulated at junction with pedicel, 2.5–6.0 mm long. Hypanthium dark brown, 1.2–1.4 × 1.2–1.5 mm, glabrous; calyx limb 0.9–1.1 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes 5 or 6, crescent-shaped, 0.7–0.8 mm long, glabrous, margin entire, ciliolate, rounded, with a sessile terminal gland. Corolla ampullaceous, white in upper 1/3 portion, pink at base, 4–5 × 1.3–2.2 mm, both sides glabrous; corolla lobes 5 or 6, 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens 8–10, monomorphic, 3.5–4.0 mm long; filaments light brown, straight, bulged at base, 2.5–2.8 mm long, white-lanate especially toward base, trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm long; anthers 1.0– 1.2 mm long, cells 0.7–0.8 mm long, minutely echinulate, tubules parallel, broadly cylindrical, opening by oblique ventrally oriented apical pores, 0.3–0.4 mm long, pore apex rounded or truncate, spurs absent. Ovary 5- or 6-locular but appearing pseudo-10- to 12- locular with false partitions extending ca. 0.5 mm from inner wall; ovules in two columns per locule. Disk annular, slightly bulky, ca. 0.7 mm × ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous, margin obscurely ridged. Style brown, not exserted from corolla, 4–6 mm long, glabrous. Fruit dark brown, globose, smooth, non-ridged, 4–5 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, slightly recurved; fruiting pedicels ca. 5 mm long. Distribution and Habitat: —This new species is endemic to Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines. It occurs on the northeastern and southern slopes of Mt. Kitanglad Range. Paratypes of V. jubatum were collected near the vicinity of the summit at 2200 m elevation. Etymology: —The specific epithet “ jubatum ” is derived from the Latin word “jubatus” meaning “crested.” This is in reference to the dentate leaf margin of the new species that is tipped by a prominent gland. Phenology: —Flowering in March and July. Proposed Conservation Status: — Vaccinium jubatum is currently only known from its type locality. We know of no other collections of this species. Although Mt. Kitanglad Range is a protected area, the lack of population data precludes assessment with IUCN guidelines. Thus, we recommend a Data Deficient (DD) status for this species (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022). Discussion: — Vaccinium jubatum is a member of Vaccinium sect. Bracteata Nakai in Nakai and Koidzumi (1927: 234) sensu Sleumer (1966 –1967) as per its multi-flowered racemose inflorescences, (minute) caducous bracts, absence of a membranaceous wing at the sinuses of the corolla, and anthers that open by short terminal pores or introrse slits (Sleumer 1966 –1967; Co et al. 2002; Salares et al. 2018). In the artificial key to Philippine Vaccinium (Copeland 1930) and the key to the Malesian Vaccinium (Sleumer 1966 –1967), V. jubatum keys to V. sylvaticum, a species endemic to Mindanao Island. It is distinguished from this species by having longer petioles (3–7 mm vs. ca. 5 mm), shorter corollas (4–5 mm vs. ca. 8 mm), shorter anthers (1.0– 1.2 mm vs. ca. 1.5 mm), and a shorter style (4–6 mm vs. ca. 8 mm) (Elmer 1911; Sleumer 1966 –1967). In the key to Bornean Vaccinium (Argent 2019), V. jubatum keys to V. phillyreoides Sleumer (1940: 163). However, the new species is distinct from V. phillyreoides by having glabrous branchlets (vs. puberulent), larger leaf blades (4.0–7.5 × 1.2–2.0 cm vs. 2.2–3.0 × 0.5–1.0 cm) with dentate leaf margins (vs. entire), glabrous inflorescences (vs. pubescent), shorter pedicels (3–5 mm vs. 5–7 mm), shorter corollas (4–5 mm vs. 8–9 mm), shorter stamens (3.5–4.0 mm vs. 6.0–7.0 mm), and a glabrous disk (vs. densely pubescent). Moreover, the dentate leaf margins with large and raised marginal glands are unique to V. jubatum among the species of Philippine Vaccinium. The specimens Sulit 3390 (A 00016194!; L L0008222!) were annotated as Vaccinium sulitii P.F.Stevens, a name that apparently was never published. These specimens clearly belong to V. jubatum as exhibited by the dentate leaf blade margins. The reason that this name was not published might be because the specimens are merely in flower bud, thus making it difficult to dissect and examine the flower characters within the corolla., Published as part of Tamayo, Maverick N. & Fritsch, Peter W., 2022, Two new endemic species of blueberry (Vaccinium L., Ericaceae) from Luzon and Mindanao islands, Philippines, pp. 139-148 in Phytotaxa 564 (2) on pages 143-145, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7087136, {"references":["Elmer, A. D. E. (1911) The Ericaceae of Mt. Apo. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 3: 1089 - 1107.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. 1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 10 September 2022).","Nakai, T. & Koidzumi, G. (1927) Trees and shrubs indigenous in Japan proper (revised Ed.), Vol. 1. Seibido Shoten, Tokyo, 714 pp.","Sleumer, H. (1966 - 1967) Ericaceae. In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1, Vol. 6, Parts 4, 5. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, pp. 469 - 914.","Co, L. L., Madulid, D. & Argent, G. (2002) A new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) from the Philippines. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 59 (3): 373 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428602000227","Salares, V. B., Obico, J. J. A., Ormerod, P., Barcelona, J. F. & Pelser, P. B. (2018) Taxonomic novelties from Cebu: a new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) and a new record of Phaius (Orchidaceae) for the Philippines. Phytotaxa 360 (3): 255 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 360.3.5","Copeland, H. F. (1930) Philippine Ericaceae, II: the species of Vaccinium. Philippine Journal of Science 42: 537 - 607.","Argent, G. (2019) Rigiolepis and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Borneo. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 76: 55 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428618000276","Sleumer, H. (1940) Neue Ericaceen aus Malesien. Botanische Jahrbucher 71: 138 - 168."]}

Vaccinium burburan M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2). Type:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon Island, Ifugao Province, Municipality of Banaue, Mt. Semegar, along the ridge, 1704 m elevation, 28 March 1994, PPI [Philippine Plant Inventory] 12790 (holotype BRIT BRIT26917!, isotype L L3786386!). Paratypes:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon Island, Mountain Province, Mt. Polis, 2042 m elevation, March 1948, Celestino 7974 (L L2625604!, A02006792!); Luzon Island, Ifugao and Bontoc Provinces, May 1923, Zschokke & Laraya 29412 (UC UC 237454!); Luzon Island, Banaue, Ifugao, 16 May 1967, Mendoza 97474 (L L2625603!). Diagnosis:— Vaccinium burburan resembles V. tenuipes Merrill (1908: 375), but differs by having shorter petioles (1.0–2.0 mm vs. 2.0–3.0 mm), pubescent adaxial leaf surface (vs. glabrous), a cordate leaf blade base (vs. rounded), shorter pedicels (5.0–6.0 mm vs. 10–20 mm), shorter corollas (5.0–6.0 mm vs. ca. 10 mm) with exterior apical pubescence (vs. glabrous), and pubescent filaments throughout (vs. pubescent only at base). Description:—Habit shrub or vine, epiphytic, evergreen, multi-branched. Branchlets brown, lanate when young, sparsely pubescent at maturity, with a combination of simple and stipitate-glandular trichomes, 0.3–3.0 mm long, rounded in cross section, 1.5–5.0 mm wide, lenticellate; perennating buds triangular, obtuse, 1.0– 1.3 mm long; bud scales non-overlapping, hirsute. Leaves persistent on older branchlets, spirally and evenly arranged, condensed, overlapping, internodes 2–10 mm long; petiole brown, in cross section abaxially and adaxially rounded, 1.0–2.0 × 0.8–1.0 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to cordate, with larger blades on each branchlet 2.2–4.0 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces reddish when young turning dull green abaxially and dark green adaxially, without punctae, pubescent on both surfaces, partially glabrescent adaxially when mature, hirsute, trichomes simple, abaxial surface generally more pubescent than adaxial surface; midvein raised abaxially and adaxially, secondary veins 2 to 4 on each side of midvein with first pair arising from base and remainder along midvein, arc-ascending, abaxially raised, adaxially faintly evident or obscure, tertiary veins faintly evident or obscure, base cordate, margin entire, thinly revolute, apex acuminate, marginal glands slightly raised, ca. 1.0 mm from leaf base, one pair per leaf, 0.3–0.4 mm wide. Inflorescences pseudo-terminal or terminal, racemose, developing beyond confines of perennating bud, 1 per axil, 1.5–2.5 cm long at anthesis, 4- or 5-flowered; peduncle and rachis brown, terete, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets; bracts semi-persistent, reddish brown, non-foliaceous, ovate to elliptic, planar or occasionally cucullate, 1.0–1.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, subcoriaceous, glabrous abaxially, pubescent adaxially, margin entire, occasionally with 1 or 2 glands near base. Pedicel ascending to slightly erect, 5.0–6.0 × 0.5–0.7 mm at anthesis, terete, pubescent; bracteoles borne at base of pedicel, linear or lanceolate, ca. 0.2 mm long, pubescent. Flowers articulated at junction with pedicel, 5.0–7.0 mm long. Hypanthium dark brown, triangular-obtuse, 1.0–1.2 × 0.8–1.0 mm, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets; calyx limb ca. 1.5 mm long; calyx lobes 5 or 6, narrowly triangular, 1.0– 1.2 mm long, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets, margin entire, apex acuminate, without sessile terminal gland. Corolla narrowly conical-urceolate, tapering at middle toward apex, dark brown, 5.0–6.0 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, glabrous outside except for apical portion including corolla lobes, inside glabrous; corolla lobes 5 or 6, pubescent, 0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Stamens 8 to 10, monomorphic, distinct, 3.7–4.5 mm long; filaments brown, straight, dilated at base, 2.8–3.1 mm long, white-lanate especially toward base, trichomes 0.4–0.5 mm long; anthers 1.0– 1.4 mm long, cells 0.6–0.9 mm long, obscurely echinulate, tubules parallel, broadly cylindrical, opening by oblique ventrally oriented apical pores, 0.4–0.5 mm long, pore apex shallowly crested, spurs absent. Ovary 5- or 6-locular but appearing pseudo-10- to 12-locular with false partitions extending ca. 0.8 mm from inner wall; ovules in two columns per locule. Disk annular, bulky, conspicuously larger than hypanthium, 0.7–1.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm, puberulent, margin obscurely ridged. Style not seen. Fruit dark brown, globose, non-ridged, 3.0–3.5 × 2.5–3.0 mm, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets; calyx lobes persistent, slightly recurved, disk bulged, annular, ca. 1.0 × ca. 2.0 mm; fruiting pedicels ca. 5 mm long. Distribution and Habitat: —This new species is endemic to Luzon Island, Northern Philippines. It can be found within the montane forests of the central Cordillera Mountain Range in Ifugao and Mountain Provinces. Etymology: —The new species is notably hairy on the stem, leaves, and inflorescences. We have therefore used “ burburan,” derived from the Iloco (Ilokano) language meaning hairy, for the specific epithet. Iloco (Ilokano) is the most frequently spoken regional language in the north and central parts of Luzon Island. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from March to May. Proposed Conservation Status: — Vaccinium burburan is restricted to montane forests of the central Cordillera Mountain Range. It has a very narrow distribution that is confined only to the high-elevation area. Based on the available data of its distribution (EOO 48.986 km 2), we recommend that this species be categorized as critically endangered [CR:B1(i,iv)] (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022). Discussion: —We consider Vaccinium burburan to be a member of Vaccinium sect. Bracteata Nakai in Nakai and Koidzumi (1927: 234) sensu Sleumer (Sleumer 1966 –1967), as based on its multi-flowered racemose inflorescences, caducous bracts, absence of a membranaceous wing at the sinuses of the ampullaceous corolla, and anthers that open by short terminal pores or introrse slits (Sleumer 1966 –1967; Co et al. 2002; Salares et al. 2018). In the keys to Philippine Vaccinium [Merrill 1908; Copeland 1930 (the artificial key in the treatment)] and Malesian Vaccinium sect. Bracteata (Sleumer 1966 –1967), V. burburan keys to V. tenuipes. Vaccinium tenuipes is also present in Luzon Island and is typically found as an epiphyte in high-elevation forests (1800–2800 m elevation) (Tamayo pers. obs.). In addition to the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, V. burburan can be distinguished from V. tenuipes by its fewer-flowered (4 or 5 vs. 5 to 10) and shorter [1.5–2.5 cm vs. (2–) 3–5 cm] inflorescences. In the key to the Bornean species of Vaccinium (Argent 2019), the species best keys to Vaccinium beamanianum Wilbur & Luteyn (2008: 219, non Vaccinium cordifolium Stapf 1894: 189). However, the new species is distinct by having non-leafy bracts (vs. leafy), shorter pedicels (5.0–6.0 mm vs. 8.0– 12 mm), shorter and narrower corollas (5.0–6.0 × 2.0– 2.5 mm vs. 12–15 × 5.0–6.0 mm) that are narrowly conical-urceolate (vs. tubular urceolate), apically pubescent corollas (vs. glabrous), shorter filaments (2.8–3.1 mm vs. 6.0–7.0 mm), and an absence of dorsal spurs (vs. presence). Moreover, the leaves of V. burburan are pubescent (vs. glabrous except basally in V. beamanianum). The new species also bears stipitate-glandular trichomes on its stem and inflorescence, a character not present in V. beamanianum. Vaccinium burburan has long been presumed to be a phenotypic variant of V. tenuipes. In his treatment of the Philippine Vaccinium, Copeland (1930) cited the specimen Zschokke & Laraya 29412 (UC UC237454!) as V. tenuipes; however, he also suspected that this variant might soon result in the description of a new infraspecific taxon or even species once more material had been studied. His decision to consider the specimens as conspecific under a broad V. tenuipes circumscription may also be due to the absence of flowers in any of the specimens previously available. The paratype Celestino 7974 (L L2625604!) was annotated as Vaccinium polisense Merr. & Quisumb., a name that apparently was never published. This specimen clearly represents V. burburan as exhibited by its spirally arranged and condensed leaves that are pubescent on both surfaces, cordate leaf blade base, and the presence of stipitate glands on the stem and inflorescence. The reason that this name was not published might be because the specimen is sterile, preventing a complete description for the species or leaving some doubt as to its distinctness.The isotype (L L3786386!) was annotated by Dr. George Argent as “ Vaccinium sp. ” We presume that this specimen was not confidently identified because the specimen is sterile, thus precluding confident identification. Vaccinium burburan is only one of two species in the Philippines that possesses a cordate leaf blade base, the other being V. oscarlopezianum Co (2002: 373) (Co et al. 2002). However, V. burburan is distinct from V. oscarlopezianum by the presence of stipitate-glandular trichomes (vs. absence), smaller leaf blades (2.2–4.0 × 2.0– 2.5 cm vs. 4.0–8.0 × 2.0– 4.2 cm), shorter inflorescences (1.5–2.5 cm vs. 8.0– 15 cm), non-foliaceous bracts (vs. foliaceous), apically pubescent corollas (vs. non-apically pubescent), and shorter stamens (3.7–4.5 mm vs. 5.0–7.0 mm). Moreover, the widespread Vaccinium myrtoides (Blume 1826: 861) Miquel (1859: 1062) on occasion may exhibit a cordate leaf blade base. However, V. burburan can be distinguished from this species by the presence of stipitate-glandular trichomes on its branches, leaves, and hypanthium (vs. absence), and a narrowly conical corolla (vs. urceolate) that is apically pubescent (vs. glabrous)., Published as part of Tamayo, Maverick N. & Fritsch, Peter W., 2022, Two new endemic species of blueberry (Vaccinium L., Ericaceae) from Luzon and Mindanao islands, Philippines, pp. 139-148 in Phytotaxa 564 (2) on pages 140-143, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7087136, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1908) Philippine Ericaceae. The Philippine Journal of Science, vol. 3, section C (Botany): 369 - 382.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. 1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 10 September 2022).","Nakai, T. & Koidzumi, G. (1927) Trees and shrubs indigenous in Japan proper (revised Ed.), Vol. 1. Seibido Shoten, Tokyo, 714 pp.","Sleumer, H. (1966 - 1967) Ericaceae. In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1, Vol. 6, Parts 4, 5. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, pp. 469 - 914.","Co, L. L., Madulid, D. & Argent, G. (2002) A new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) from the Philippines. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 59 (3): 373 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428602000227","Salares, V. B., Obico, J. J. A., Ormerod, P., Barcelona, J. F. & Pelser, P. B. (2018) Taxonomic novelties from Cebu: a new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) and a new record of Phaius (Orchidaceae) for the Philippines. Phytotaxa 360 (3): 255 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 360.3.5","Copeland, H. F. (1930) Philippine Ericaceae, II: the species of Vaccinium. Philippine Journal of Science 42: 537 - 607.","Argent, G. (2019) Rigiolepis and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Borneo. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 76: 55 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428618000276","Wilbur, R. L. & Luteyn, J. L. (2008) A synopsis of the Mexican and Central American species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2: 207 - 241.","Stapf, O. (1894) On the flora of Mt. Kinabalu in north Borneo. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4: 69 - 263.","Blume, C. L. (1826) Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Lands Drukkerij, Batavia, 1169 pp.","Miquel, F. A. W. (1859) Flora van Nederlandsch Indie, Vol 2. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam, 1103 pp."]}

Craibiodendron yunnanense W.W. Smith (1912: 159) (Fig. 1) Literature: ��� Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 790), Fang & Ming (1986: 585, Fig. 167, 6���8), Judd (1986: 453, Fig. 4), Hsu (1991: 41, Fig. 13), Kress et al. (2003: 215), Fang et al. (2005: 460, Fig. 648), Tang (2011: 641). TYPE: ��� CHINA. Yunnan Province: vicinity of Yunnan-sen, E. E. Maire 1790 (lectotype, designated by Judd [1986: 454]: E: E00327742 photo!; image of lectotype: B: B101068094 photo!; isolectotype: IBSC: 0002407). Images of lectotype available at http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/ E00327742, https://pictures.bgbm.org/digilib/Scaler/ IIIF / B!10!10!68!09! B _10_1068094.jpg/full/2048,/0/default.jpg Nomenclatural notes: ���When selecting the lectotype of C. yunnanense, Judd (1986) indicated the presence of an isolectotype at E. Judd most likely referred to a remaining syntype E. E. Maire 2463 (E00327743 photo!), which is not listed by Judd among the representative specimens. Both syntypes were collected from the same location. Additional specimens examined:��� VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Bat Xat District, Bat Xat Nature Reserve, 6 km SE of Y Ty village, near trail to Lao Than summit, disturbed forest, N 22��37���55������ E 103��39���12������, elev. 1830 m, 12 June 2019, M. S . Nuraliev 2703 (BRIT: BRIT582225; IBSC; MW: MW0757539 https://depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/ item/ MW0757539, MW0757750 https://depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/item/ MW0757750). Ecology and phenology: ���Thickets and open rocky areas, temperate to warm-temperate forests, margins of coniferous forests; 1200���3200 m. Flowering from (May) June to August (October). Distribution: ���N Myanmar, China (Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan), Vietnam (Lao Cai: Bat Xat Nature Reserve). Craibiodendron yunnanense is reported here from Vietnam for the first time. Hiep & Ho (1996), Ho (1999) and Hiep (2003) listed four species of Craibiodendron known in Vietnam. With our finding, Vietnam appears to be the only country inhabited by all five species of the genus (although the records of C. henryi W.W. Smith [1912: 158] seem doubtful to us)., Published as part of Tong, Yihua, Fritsch, Peter W., Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Averyanov, Leonid V., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2022, Novelties in Vietnamese Craibiodendron, Lyonia and Vaccinium (Ericaceae), pp. 21-34 in Phytotaxa 538 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.538.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6331972, {"references":["Smith, W. W. (1912) New species of Craibiodendron. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 5: 157 - 160.","Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Symbolae Sinicae 7. Wien, Julius Springer, 1450 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 878","Fang, R. C. & Ming, T. L. (1986) Ericaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Ed.) Flora Yunnanica. Vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 336 - 602. [In Chinese]","Judd, W. S. (1986) A taxonomic revision of Craibiodendron (Ericaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 67 (4): 441 - 469.","Hsu, T. Z. (1991) Craibiodendron. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Vol. 57 (3). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 37 - 41. [In Chinese]","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y. (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1 - 590.","Fang, M. Y., Fang, R. C., He, M. Y., Hu, L. Z., Yang, H. B., Qin, H. N., Min, T. L., Chamberlain, D. F., Stevens, P. F., Wallace, G. D. & Anderberg, A. (2005) Ericaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 242 - 517.","Tang, S. C. (2011) Ericaceae. In: Guangxi Inst. of Botany (Eds.) Flora of Guangxi. Vol. 3. Guangxi Science and Technology Press, Nanning, pp. 578 - 642. [In Chinese]","Hiep, N. T. & Ho, P. H. (1996) Fam. Ericaceae Juss. - Do quyen. In: Averyanov, L. V., Ban, N. T., Hiep, N. T. & Loc, P. K. (Eds.) Vascular plants synopsis of Vietnamese flora. Vol. 2. Mir I Semya- 95, Saint Petersburg, pp. 82 - 94.","Ho, P. H. (1999) An illustrated flora of Vietnam. Vol. 1. Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 991 pp. [In Vietnamese]","Hiep, N. T. (2003) 83. Ericaceae Juss. 1789. In: Ban, N. T. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species in Vietnam. Vol. 2. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 437 - 448. [In Vietnamese]"]}

Vaccinium glaucorubrum (C.Y.Wu) Y.H.Tong & P.W.Fritsch, comb. et stat. nov. (Fig. 3) Basionym: — Vaccinium gaultheriifolium var. glaucorubrum C.Y.Wu in Fang & Wu (1987: 379). Fang (1991: 85), Huang & Fang (1991: 328), Fang et al. (2005: 481), Hummer et al. (2017: 422, Fig. 6). TYPE: —[CHINA.] Yunnan Province: Maguan Xian, hill slope, in deciduous shrubs, 1800–2560 m, 28 July 1961, S. K. Wu 61-3574 (lectotype, designated here: KUN: 1208884!; isolectotype: KUN: 1208885!) [T]. Description Shrubs, terrestrial or sometimes epilithic, evergreen, to 4 m tall, without tuber-like structures at stem base, profusely branched. Mature branchlets ± terete but irregularly ridged, brown, 1.5–4.0 mm in diam., lenticellate, glabrous; epidermis grayish, not peeling; perennating buds dimorphic, one per leaf axil, with multiple overlapping scales; the larger scales ovoid, 4.7–7.3 mm long. Leaves alternate, distichous, evenly scattered; petiole 6–11 mm long × 2–3 mm in diam. at base, slightly dilated distally, glabrous; leaf blade broadly elliptic, broadly lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, larger blades on each branchlet 8.0–11.2 × 3.5–6.7 cm, 1.3–3.0 times as long as wide, subcoriaceous, adaxially green in vivo and green to brown in sicco, abaxially light green or greenish white and glaucous in vivo and light green to light brown in sicco, both surfaces dull, glabrous; base broadly cuneate or broadly rounded to slightly cordate; margin entire, slightly revolute, with one sessile basal gland 0.5–0.7 mm in diam. per side, occasionally another smaller gland present more distally along margin; apex caudate-acuminate to acuminate; midvein raised on both sides; secondary veins pinnately arranged, slightly raised on both sides, 7–9 on each side of midvein, more or less arcuate-ascending, basal veins reaching margin, apical veins meeting in a closed loop near margin; tertiary veins slightly raised or planar and obscure adaxially, slightly raised abaxially. Inflorescences axillary (occasionally appearing pseudoterminal), indeterminate (racemose and developing mostly beyond the confines of the perennating buds), 1 per axil, 2.0– 3.5 cm long at anthesis, 1- to 15-flowered; peduncle absent or very short; rachis green or flushed red in vivo, 1.2–2.0 mm in diam., glabrous; bracts caducous, rhomboid, cucullate, white or flushed pink in vivo, 8.8–11.0 × 2.1–4.0 mm, glabrous, margin entire, ciliolate, apex acute or slightly acuminate. Flowers pendent, articulated with pedicels, 5-merous, 9–13 mm long. Pedicels magenta, occasionally slightly glaucous, the proximal ones to 11 mm long, gradually shorter distally (to ca. 3 mm), at anthesis 0.6–0.7 mm in diam. medially, slightly dilated distally, glabrous; bracteoles 2, attached at base of pedicel (or slightly above), subopposite, caducous, linear, white in vivo, ca. 4.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex ciliolate. Calyx (excluding ovary) erect, cupuliform, dull magenta in vivo, glaucous basally, 1.5–1.9 mm long, glabrous; connate portion (tube) 0.5–0.7 mm long; lobes 5, appressed to corolla, deltoid, 0.9–1.5 × 1.1–1.4 mm, glabrous on both sides, margin entire, smooth (e.g., without sessile glands or cilia), apex acute, without terminal gland. Corolla in bud closed and 5-ribbed in line with petal midveins on distal 3/4, deep pink; gamopetalous for ca. 85% length, cylindrical or cylindrical-urceolate, at anthesis pale pink toward base and along petal midveins, deep pink-red in distal half between midveins and maroon to blackish toward lobe margins, 7.6–11.0 × 2.4–3.5 mm, scattered white-hirtellous on lobes inside, otherwise glabrous; lobes 5, recurved in vivo, erect to recurved in sicco, deltoid-ovate, 1.5–2.0 × 1.1–1.3 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 10, monomorphic (or slightly dimorphic with respect to spur length and angle of spur attachment), free from corolla, included in corolla, distinct from each other except slightly conjoined by lateral sides of thecae, ca. 7.5 mm long; filaments slightly incurved, bright pink in bud and becoming almost white during anthesis, ca. 5 mm long, evenly white-hirtellous throughout, trichomes to 0.4 mm long; anthers dorsifixed, white in bud, 3.4–3.7 mm long, each with 2 spurs; thecae ca. 2 mm long, smooth, eglandular; tubules parallel, ca. 1.5–1.8 mm long, opening by strongly oblique ventral apical pores 1.0– 1.5 mm long, pore apex acute; spurs borne dorsally at base of tubules, straight, oriented at ca. 30° to 45° angle from floral axis. Ovary inferior, cupuliform, terete in cross section, green or flushed red in vivo, glaucous, 1.5–1.9 × 1.4–1.6 mm, 5-locular with 5 incomplete false septa protruding to ca. 1/3 of each locule; disk annular, slightly smaller than ovary, glabrous; style pink to pinkish-white (paler toward base), ± even with bases of corolla lobes or slightly exceeding them (but never exserted from open corolla), ca. 9 mm long, whitehirtellous apically and otherwise glabrous. Infructescences up to ca. 5 cm long. Fruit (berry) globose, blue, glaucous, 4.8–6.9 × 3.9–5.8 mm excluding calyx, fleshy, glabrous, pseudo-10-locular, bearing persistent erect calyx 1.0– 1.7 mm long; disk ca. 1/3 width of fruit. Seeds ovoid to conical, 0.9–1.3 × 0.5–0.7 mm; testa yellowish brown, reticulate, soft. Nomenclatural notes: —In the original description of V. gaultheriifolium var. glaucorubrum, Fang & Wu (1987) indicated the collection Wu 61-3574 as a type, and KUN as the only herbarium of deposition of this collection. We have found two duplicates of Wu 61-3574 in KUN matching the detailed description and specimen label information included in the protologue. These duplicates should be treated as syntypes in accordance with Art. 9.6 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We selected the specimen with the barcode 1208884 as the lectotype following Arts. 9.3 and 9.11 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018) as it bears numerous flowers, and has already been labeled in shed. as a type or a holotype by various researchers, including R. C. Fang. The other specimen (1208885) is an isolectotype. Taxonomic notes: —Both type specimens as well as the paratype in KUN were annotated on 29 June 1965 by C. Y. Wu as “ Vaccinium glauco-rubrum C.Y.Wu, sp. nov. ”, indicating that Wu initially intended to treat this entity as a distinct species. Here, we revive this view based on the study of more ample material, and formally publish the new combination to accommodate Wu’s taxon at species rank. Vaccinium glaucorubrum differs from V. gaultheriifolium (Griffith 1854: t. 512) Hook.f. ex C. B. Clarke (1882a: 453) s.s. (V. gaultheriifolium var. gaultheriifolium prior to our publication here; Fig. 4) in having a petiole 6–11 mm (vs. 4–7 mm) long, a completely glabrous leaf blade (vs. a sparsely glandular-setose blade on the midvein abaxially) with an entire (vs. minutely denticulate) margin, 1 or rarely 2 (vs. 3) basal glands per side of the leaf blade, adaxially slightly raised or planar and obscure (vs. often conspicuously raised) tertiary veins, pedicels to 11 mm at raceme base and to ca. 3 mm at raceme apex, resulting in an elongate inflorescence shape (vs. pedicels 6–12 mm, resulting in a corymb-like inflorescence shape), corolla 7.6–11.0 mm (vs. 6–7 mm) long, and stamens ca. 7.5 mm (vs. ca. 4 mm) long (Table 1). The geographical evidence (Fig. 5) shows that the taxa in question are strictly allopatric. Vaccinium glaucorubrum is distributed in SE Yunnan and N Vietnam (see below), whereas V. gaultheriifolium s.s. is a strictly Himalayan species, known from NE India (including Sikkim), Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and China (SE Tibet, NW Yunnan) (Sleumer 1941, Long & Rae 1991, Fang et al. 2005). Specimens of V. gaultheriifolium examined by us are listed in the Appendix. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Wenshan County, Xiaojie Town, Laojunshan, hill slope, 2200 m, 23 February 1990, T.L. Min, H. Sun 426 (KUN: 0233303) [1]; Yunnan Province: Wenshan County, Laojunshan Forest Station, Xiaoyantou, hill slope, stream side, 2000 m, 22 September 1992, Y. M. Shui 00160 (KUN 233302) [2]; Yunnan Province:Wenshan County,Laojunshan Mountain Nature Reserve, evergreen forest, N23°16’39.8’’ E 103°57’42.7’’, 1840 m, 02 November 2017, D. M. He WSLJS1083 (IBSC) [3]; Yunnan Province: Malipo, hill slope, 1800–2600 m, 26 May 1962, K. M. Feng 22889 (paratypes, IBSC: 0421082; KUN: 1208886, 1208887) [4]; Yunnan Province: Malipo County, Laojunshan Mountain, rocky hill, 24 April 1974, Anonymous s.n. (KUN: 1208888) [5]; Yunnan Province: Malipo County, Laojunshan Mountain, hill slope, bushes, 23 April 2016, Y. H. Tong, X. E. Ye TYH-669 (IBSC, 4 sheets) [6]; same location and date, Y. H. Tong, X. E. Ye TYH-670 (IBSC, 2 sheets) [7]; same location and date, Y. H. Tong, X. E. Ye TYH-671 (IBSC) [8]. VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Sa Pa District, near middle way go to Binh Lu, evergreen forest on high mountain, waysides, sunlight place, N 22°21’66.3’’ E 103°47’44.5’’, 1763 m, 14 September 2005, X. P. Vu, D. H. Duong, V.D. Nguyen, Q. B. Nguyen, T.X. Do, R. de Kok, G. Bramley, G. Challen, M. Vorontsova HNK 385 (HN, 3 sheets) [9]; Lao Cai Province: Sa Pa, 12 December 2004, N.Q. Binh, D.D. Cuong VN 1422 (HN: 0000022325, 0000022326) [10]; Cao Bang Province: Nguyen Binh district, Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park, 11 km WSW of Nguyen Binh town, Phia Oac summit area, disturbed wet foggy mossy crooked forest, N 22°36’58’’ E 105°51’46’’, elev. 1910 m, 03 October 2018, M. S. Nuraliev 2243 (BRIT: BRIT 582224; IBSC; MW: MW 0757559 https://depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/item/ MW 0757559) [11]; Cao Bang Province: Nguyen Binh district, Nguyen Binh municipality, about 41 km to W of Cao Bang town, elevation from Le A pass to Na Ni mt. peak, old secondary closed evergreen wet mountain forest on soils developed on granite and shale rocks, N 22°37’ E 105°52’, 11–12 November 1998, L.V. Averyanov, N.Q. Binh, N. T. Hiep, P. K. Loc, N.X. Tam CBL 073 (HN: 0000021621; LE: LE01041980 http:// en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=1101; MO: not seen) [12]; Cao Bang Province: on the way from Phia Oac conservation state to the hill top, bushes, epilithic, 17 May 2018, N. H. Xia et al. TYH-1431 (IBSC, 2 sheets) [13]; Cao Bang Province: Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park, edge of the road to the summit of Phia Oac, about 1 km from the summit, sedimentary limestone melange, N 22.613950° E 105.86678343°, elev. 1831 m, 07 November 2015, K. E. Hummer, T. T. T. Hoai, N.V. Kien, J. M. Oliphant VN-2015-073 (NA: NA-0103559) [14]; s.loc., s.d., N.V. Du 98 (HN, 3 sheets); s.loc., s.d., Phuong 8318 (HN, 3 sheets). Ecology and phenology: —Forest and thickets on mountain slopes; 1600–2600 m. Flowering from July to October (December); fruiting from September to May. Distribution: — China (SE Yunnan: Maguan, Malipo, Wenshan), Vietnam (Cao Bang: Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park, Lao Cai: Hoang Lien National Park) (Fig. 5). We observed this species to be common on the slopes and summit of Phia Oac Mountain at least from the elevation of 1600 m. We exclude the specimen K. E. Hummer et al. VN-2015-045 (NA: NA-0110338!) collected in Hoang Lien National Park and cited by Tran et al. (2016) and Hummer et al. (2017) from V. glaucorubrum. We tentatively identify it as V. hiepii Kloet in Vander Kloet & Paterson (2000: 582) based on its elliptic leaf blades with obtuse or rounded apices and punctate surfaces, sunken pinnate secondary veins and short racemes.

Lyonia villosa (Hook.f. ex C.B.Clarke) Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 789) (Fig. 2) Literature: ��� Judd (1981: 177), Fang & Ming (1986: 569, Fig. 161, 1���4), Chang & Chen (1990: 258), Gao (1991: 35), Long & Rae (1991: 395, Fig. 46 k���n), Hiep & Ho (1996: 88), Ho (1999: 627), Hiep (2003: 440), Kress et al. (2003: 216), Fang et al. (2005: 463), Tang (2011: 637). Basionym: ��� Pieris villosa Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke (1882b: 461). Homotypic synonyms: ��� Andromeda villosa Wallich (1829: n. 762), nom. nud.; Xolisma villosa (Hook.f. ex C.B.Clarke) Rehder (1924: 53). TYPE: ��� NEPAL. Gosain Than, August 1821, N. Wallich Cat. no. 762 (lectotype, designated by Judd [1981: 179]: K-W: K001111813 photo!). Image of lectotype available at http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K001111813 Additional specimens examined:��� VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Bat Xat District, Bat Xat Nature Reserve, 9 km SE of Y Ty village, summit of Lao Than Mountain, shrubby thicket, N 22��36���38������ E 103��41���11������, elev. 2810 m, 12 June 2019, M. S. Nuraliev 2719 (BRIT: BRIT582223; IBSC; MW: MW0757538 https://depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/item/ MW0757538); [Lao Cai Province:] Chapa [Sa Pa area], Massif du Fan Tsi Pan [Fansipan Mountain area], ca. 2900 m, August 1942, P. A. P��telot 7986 (P: P03950447 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p03950447, P03950448 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p03950448); same location and date, P. A. P��telot 8021 (P: P03950445 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p03950445, P03950446 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p03950446). Ecology and phenology: ���Conifer and mixed forests, thickets; 1000���4100 m. Flowering from May to August; fruiting from August to October. Distribution: ���NE India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Myanmar, China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, SE Tibet, Yunnan), Vietnam (Lao Cai: Bat Xat Nature Reserve and Fansipan Mountain area). Notes: ���1. The presence of Lyonia villosa in Vietnam was indicated by Hiep & Ho (1996), Ho (1999) and Hiep (2003), but until now has not been confirmed by specimen citation. Ho (1999) reported the species to be found in Hoang Lien Son Mountain Range, apparently basing the report on the specimens P��telot 7986 and 8021. Hiep & Ho (1996) and Hiep (2003) listed L. villosa for Lao Cai and Kon Tum provinces; we were unable to trace any specimens of this species from Kon Tum. In addition, Trang et al. (2018) reportedly collected L. villosa in Son La Province of Vietnam, but according to the published image (Trang et al. 2018: Fig. 2L) their collection is likely to belong to L. ovalifolia (Wallich 1820: 391) Drude (1889: 44). 2. Based on their hairy petioles and abaxial leaf surface, we identify the Vietnamese gatherings as Lyonia villosa var. pubescens (Franchet 1887: 44) Judd (1981: 182), which is also known to occur in Bhutan, N Myanmar, SE Tibet, N Yunnan, SW Sichuan and Guizhou (Rehder 1934, Judd 1981, Chang & Chen 1990)., Published as part of Tong, Yihua, Fritsch, Peter W., Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Averyanov, Leonid V., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2022, Novelties in Vietnamese Craibiodendron, Lyonia and Vaccinium (Ericaceae), pp. 21-34 in Phytotaxa 538 (1) on pages 22-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.538.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6331972, {"references":["Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Symbolae Sinicae 7. Wien, Julius Springer, 1450 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 878","Judd, W. S. (1981) A monograph of Lyonia (Ericaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 62 (2): 129 - 209.","Fang, R. C. & Ming, T. L. (1986) Ericaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Ed.) Flora Yunnanica. Vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 336 - 602. [In Chinese]","Chang, S. S. & Chen, X. (1990) Ericaceae. In: Li, Y. K. (Ed.) Flora Guizhouensis. Vol. 2. Guizhou People's Publishing House, Guiyang,","Gao, B. C. (1991) Lyonia. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Vol. 57 (3). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 27 - 37. [In Chinese]","Long, D. G. & Rae, S. J. (1991) Family 149. Ericaceae. In: Grierson, A. J. C. & Long, D. G. (Eds.) Flora of Bhutan. Vol. 2, part 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, pp. 357 - 404.","Hiep, N. T. & Ho, P. H. (1996) Fam. Ericaceae Juss. - Do quyen. In: Averyanov, L. V., Ban, N. T., Hiep, N. T. & Loc, P. K. (Eds.) Vascular plants synopsis of Vietnamese flora. Vol. 2. Mir I Semya- 95, Saint Petersburg, pp. 82 - 94.","Ho, P. H. (1999) An illustrated flora of Vietnam. Vol. 1. Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 991 pp. [In Vietnamese]","Hiep, N. T. (2003) 83. Ericaceae Juss. 1789. In: Ban, N. T. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species in Vietnam. Vol. 2. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 437 - 448. [In Vietnamese]","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y. (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1 - 590.","Fang, M. Y., Fang, R. C., He, M. Y., Hu, L. Z., Yang, H. B., Qin, H. N., Min, T. L., Chamberlain, D. F., Stevens, P. F., Wallace, G. D. & Anderberg, A. (2005) Ericaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 242 - 517.","Tang, S. C. (2011) Ericaceae. In: Guangxi Inst. of Botany (Eds.) Flora of Guangxi. Vol. 3. Guangxi Science and Technology Press, Nanning, pp. 578 - 642. [In Chinese]","Clarke, C. B. (1882 b) Order LXXXII. Ericaceae. In: Hooker, J. D. (Ed.) Flora of British India. Vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 456 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 678","Wallich, N. (1829) A numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the East India Company's Museum collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company's botanic garden at Calcutta. London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1917","Rehder, A. (1924) New species, varieties and combinations from the herbarium and the collections of the Arnold Arboretum (continued). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 5 (1): 49 - 59.","Trang, P. T., Thu, N. T., Tuyen, P. T., Truong, D. V., Chun, L. T. & Quyen, H. M. (2018) Diversity and distribution of Ericaceae species in Muong La Nature Reserve, Son La Province. Journal of Forestry Science and Technology 2: 147 - 156.","Wallich, N. (1820) Asiatic Researches, or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal for inquiring into the history and antiquities, the arts, sciences and literature of Asia 13. Calcutta Gazette Office, Calcutta, 466 pp.","Drude, O. (1889) Ericaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4 (1). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 15 - 65.","Franchet, A. R. (1887) Plantae Davidianae ex Sinarum Imperio 2 (suite). Plantes du Thibet oriental (Province de Moupine). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 2 (10): 33 - 188.","Rehder, A. (1934) Notes on the ligneous plants described by Leveille from eastern Asia. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 15 (4): 267 - 326."]}

Type of Vaccinium diaphanoloma Hand. -Mazz.: CHINA. NW Yunnan Province: near Tibet-Burmese border, valley of Djiou-djiang [Dulongjiang] river, subtropical broadleaved forest, 1725���2150 m, 06 July 1916, H. R. E . Handel-Mazzetti 9402 (WU: 0043160)., Published as part of Tong, Yihua, Fritsch, Peter W., Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Averyanov, Leonid V., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2022, Novelties in Vietnamese Craibiodendron, Lyonia and Vaccinium (Ericaceae), pp. 21-34 in Phytotaxa 538 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.538.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6331972

Vaccinium carmesinum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. (Figs. 1���2) Type:��� PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Municipality [City] of Malaybalay, Barangay Kibalabag, Mt. Limbawon, [Mt. Tago Range,] accessory trail to peak, 8.26217��N, 125.18055��E, 1546 m elevation, 10 June 2019, Plants and Lichens of the Southern Philippines Survey 611 (holotype PNH!, isotypes A!, BRIT BRIT572077!, CAS!, CMUH!, NY!). Paratypes:��� PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island: Province of Bukidnon, Municipality [City] of Malaybalay, Barangay Kibalabag, Mt. Limbawon, [Mt. Tago Range,] open area with Pandanus, 8.27577��N, 125.18333��E, 1832 m elevation, 30 June 2015, Peter W. Fritsch 2081 (BRIT BRIT554025!, CAS 490415!); Mt. Kiamo summit, [Mt. Tago Range,] on ridge of heathland scrub, 8.2563��N, 125.14799��E, 1760 m elevation, 7 May 2014, Darin S. Penneys 2377 (BRIT BRIT554030!, CAS 490401!). Diagnosis:��� Vaccinium carmesinum resembles V. platyphyllum Merrill (1917: 294) and V. luzoniense S. Vidal (1886: 168), but differs from the former by longer and wider leaves, longer racemes, longer bracts, glabrous corollas, and glabrescent fruits, and from the latter by longer petioles, leaf glands distributed along the length of the blade margin, a glabrous inflorescence rachis, and lanate filaments. Description: ��� Terrestrial leaning shrub or tree, evergreen, 2���5 m tall, sparsely branched. Branchlets glabrous, red when young, grayish brown at maturity, terete, 3���8 mm wide, lenticellate; perennating buds compressed-ovoid, 1.5���2.5 mm long; bud scales overlapping with minutely ciliate margins. Leaves persistent on older branchlets, spirally and evenly arranged, slightly overlapping, internodes 1���5 cm long; petiole crimson red, in cross section rounded abaxially and slightly raised adaxially, 10���18 �� 1���5 mm, glabrous; lamina broadly elliptic, ovate, or rarely subrounded, with the larger leaves on each branchlet 7���15 �� 0.4���9 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces reddish when young turning pale green abaxially and glossy adaxially, in sicco both surfaces light brown to ferrugineous, without punctae, glabrous; midvein flattened or sunken adaxially, strongly raised abaxially, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein with first pair arising from base and remainder along midvein, arc-ascending, abaxially raised, adaxially sunken, tertiary veins faintly evident or obscure, base cuneate to truncate, margin entire, weakly revolute, apex slightly acuminate, marginal glands sunken, 10���18 per side, scattered along length of margin but more concentrated towards the apex, 0.3��� 0.5 mm wide. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal or terminal, racemose, developing beyond confines of perennating bud, 1 per axil, 6���8 cm long at anthesis, densely 10- to 12-flowered; peduncle and rachis crimson red, slightly ridged, terete, glabrous; flower bracts caducous, crimson red, dark brown in sicco, foliaceous, ovate to elliptic, planar or occasionally cucullate, 6���15 �� 2.5���3.5 mm, coriaceous, glabrous, margin entire, ciliolate, with several yellowish or reddish globose glands, 0.15���0.20 mm diameter mainly on basal half and with cilia ca. 0.1 mm mainly on apical third, apex acute to obtuse with a terminal gland. Pedicel 3.5���15 �� 0.5���0.9 mm at anthesis, terete, spreading, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or 2 globose glands near base or occasionally on apical half, ebracteolate. Flowers articulated at junction with pedicel, 3.5���12 mm long. Hypanthium crimson red, cupuliform, 1.5���2 �� 2���2.5 mm, white-hirsutulous with trichomes 0.10���0.15 mm long; calyx limb 1.0��� 1.2 mm long, white-hirsutulous; calyx lobes broadly triangular, 0.8���1.2 mm long, white hirsutulous, margin entire, often ciliolate, apex acute, with a prominent greenish (reddish in sicco) globose sessile terminal gland ca. 0.25 mm diameter. Corolla broadly acute, lustrous white, conical-urceolate, 7���12 �� 2.5���6 mm, outside glabrous, inside white-lanate especially on upper and lower third, trichomes 0.5���1 mm long; corolla lobes 5 or 6, 1���2 �� 1���1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Stamens 8 to 10, monomorphic, distinct, 5.5���7.2 mm long; filaments white, straight, gradually dilated at base, 3.5���4.8 mm long, pink towards base, densely white-lanate with trichomes 0.5���1 mm long; anthers 2���2.4 mm long, cells 1.4���1.6 mm long, echinulate, tubules parallel, narrowly cylindrical, distinctly narrower than cells, opening by oblique ventrally oriented apical pores, 0.6���0.8 mm long, pore apex rounded, spurs absent. Ovary 5- or 6-locular but appearing pseudo-10- to 12-locular with false partitions extending ca. 1.5 mm from inner wall; ovules in two columns per locule. Disk disciform, ca. 2 mm in diameter, puberulent, margin shallowly ridged. Style reddish, not exserted from corolla, 10���12 mm long, glabrous. Fruit on pedicels 1.4���2.1 cm long, deep purple, dark brown or reddish in sicco, globose, slightly ridged, 4���6 �� 4���6 mm, glabrescent except for minute cilia on calyx lobe margins; persistent calyx lobes erect; disk ca. 4.5 mm in diameter. Seeds numerous, minute, brown, ca. 0.8 mm long. Distribution and Habitat:��� Vaccinium carmesinum is endemic to two mountains (Mt. Kiamo and Mt. Limbawon) in Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao, growing in tropical lower montane rainforest to upper montane rainforest. Populations of V. carmesinum were mostly found near summits where they thrive on volcanic-igneous or clay substrate with abundant humus. They also occur in areas of open shaded mossy forests, or on ridges covered in heathland scrub. Paratypes of the new species were collected on ca. 10���30% west-facing slopes. Etymology:��� The epithet carmesinum is derived from the Greek word for crimson (blood red), as depicted by its crimson red petioles, floral bracts, peduncle, rachis, pedicels, hypanthium, and calyces. Moreover, a crimson red stain is extracted in notable quantity when the plants are soaked in a denatured alcohol solution. Phenology: ��� Flowering in June. Fruiting from January to May. Proposed Conservation Status:��� Mt. Tago Range has not been extensively explored botanically, which results in uncertainty as to the conservation status of the species. This range is a non-protected area; thus, the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy for the species cannot be assessed. There are only two populations currently known. Hence, we recommend a conservation status of data deficient (DD) (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019). Discussion:��� In its combination of morphological characters, Vaccinium carmesinum matches no other species treated in relevant taxonomic treatments. In the artificial key to the species of Philippine Vaccinium (Copeland 1930), V. carmesinum keys to V. platyphyllum. The new species differs from V. platyphyllum by having longer and wider leaves (7���15 �� 0.4���9 cm vs. 11���14 cm �� 5���7 cm), longer racemes (6���8 cm vs. 4���6 cm), longer bracts (6���15 mm vs. ca. 8 mm), longer pedicels (3.5���15 mm vs. ca. 8 mm) that are glabrous (vs. slightly pubescent) and ebracteolate (vs. bracteolate), a glabrous (vs. sparsely pubescent) corolla outside, longer anthers (2.0��� 2.3 mm vs. ca. 1.5 mm), and longer (4.0���6.0 mm vs. ca. 3 mm) and glabrescent (vs. pubescent) fruits (Merrill 1917). Vaccinium carmesinum can be distinguished from all other species of Philippine Vaccinium by its leaves, which are the widest of any Vaccinium in the Philippines. The pedicels are also notably ebracteolate and have 0 to 2 globose glands near the base or occasionally on the apical half. These glands might be homologous with bracteoles (typically two per pedicel in Vaccinium) with a reduction in size and/or number. Copeland (1930) mentioned pedicel glands in V. luzoniense. Unfortunately, this character was not thoroughly described for the other Philippine species in former publication where the absence of bracteoles in a specimen is noted as ���unobserved��� (i.e. Sleumer 1966 ���1967). Vaccinium carmesinum is a member of V. section Bracteata Nakai in Nakai & Koidzumi (1927: 234) sensu Sleumer (Sleumer 1966 ���1967) as based on the combination of many-flowered racemose inflorescences, caducous foliaceous bracts, absence of a membranaceous wing at the sinuses of the corolla, and anthers that open by short introrse slits or terminal pores (Sleumer 1966 ���1967; Co et al. 2002; Salares et al. 2018). In Sleumer���s (1966 ���1967) key to the Malesian V. section Bracteata, V. carmesinum keys to V. luzoniense. Vaccinium carmesinum differs from V. luzoniense, however, by having longer petioles (10���18 mm vs. ca. 10 mm), longer and wider leaves (7���15 �� 0.4���9 cm vs. 7���9 cm �� 3���4.5 cm), with leaf glands distributed along the length of the leaf margin (vs. with merely a pair of glands near the base), glabrous rachis (vs. with capitate-glandular trichomes), white (vs. red) corollas, and densely lanate (vs. sparsely pubescent) filaments (Vidal 1886; Copeland 1930). In the key to the Bornean species of Vaccinium (Argent 2018), V. carmesinum keys to V. sarawakense subsp. montanum Argent (2018: 108) but differs from it by having an inflorescence with fewer flowers (10- to 12-flowered vs. 7- to 20-flowered), glabrous rachis (vs. densely covered by short brown curved glandular trichomes), calyx lobes with a sessile terminal gland (vs. absent), white (vs. pale pink) corollas, and the absence of anther spurs (vs. presence). In the sectional treatment of Vaccinium (Vander Kloet and Dickinson 2009), V. carmesinum can be treated as a member of V. section Euepigynium Schlechter (1919: 174) by its evergreen habit, monomorphic perennating buds, each with more than two scales, one perennating bud per leaf axil, plinerved leaf blade venation, entire leaf blade margin, peduncle longer than pedicels, calyx tube completely fused to the ovary, and pseudo-10-locular ovary. However, the boundaries of V. section Euepigynium and other sections of Malesian Vaccinium delimited by Vander Kloet and Dickinson (2009) were vaguely defined (i.e. the species included in each section are not provided). Hence, the sectional limits of Vaccinium in Malesia need further study. During the process of diagnosing Vaccinium carmesinum as distinct from other Philippine species, we have become cognizant of problems in the taxonomy of the Philippine species. For example, V. ilocanum Merrill (1919: 441) and V. rizalense Merrill (1925: 43) were synonymized under V. platyphyllum by Copeland (1930) but characters seem divergent among these species and the justification relied mainly on macroscopic characters. A detailed study of this complex is currently in progress with emphasis on, e.g., ovary indumentum, corolla surfaces, and stamen characters., Published as part of Tamayo, Maverick N., Coritico, Fulgent P., Amoroso, Victor B., Penneys, Darin S., Tandang, Danilo N. & Fritsch, Peter W., 2022, Vaccinium carmesinum (Ericaceae), a new species of blueberry from Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines, pp. 173-180 in Phytotaxa 533 (3) on pages 174-178, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6048443, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1917) New Philippine shrubs and trees. Philippine Journal of Science, section C, Botany, 12 (1): 1 - 391.","Vidal, S. (1886) Revision de plantas vasculares Filipinas, Fam. 67 - Vacciniaceas. Establecimiento Tipo-Litografico de M. Perez, Hijo, Binondo, Manila. pp. 1 - 455.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed: 14 September 2021)","Copeland, H. F. (1930) Philippine Ericaceae, II: the species of Vaccinium. Philippine Journal of Science 42: 537 - 607.","Sleumer, H. (1966 - 1967) Ericaceae: In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1, Vol. 6, Parts 4, 5. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, pp. 469 - 914.","Nakai, T. & Koidzumi, G. (1927) Trees and shrubs indigenous in Japan proper (revised Ed.), Vol. 1. Seibido Shoten, Tokyo, 714 pp.","Co, L. L., Madulid, D. & Argent, G. (2002) A new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) from the Philippines. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 59 (3): 373 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428602000227","Salares, V. B., Obico, J. J. A., Ormerod, P., Barcelona, J. F. & Pelser, P. B. (2018) Taxonomic novelties from Cebu: a new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) and a new record of Phaius (Orchidaceae) for the Philippines. Phytotaxa 360 (3): 255 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 360.3.5","Argent, G. (2018) Rigiolepis and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Borneo. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 76: 55 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428618000276","Vander Kloet, S. P. & Dickinson, T. A. (2009) A subgeneric classification of the genus Vaccinium and the metamorphosis of V. section Bracteata Nakai: more terrestrial and less epiphytic in habit, more continental and less insular in distribution. Journal of Plant Research 122 (3): 253 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10265 - 008 - 0211 - 7","Schlechter, R. (1919) Die Ericaceen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. Botanische Jahrbucher 55: 137 - 194.","Merrill, E. D. (1919) New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XV. Philippine Journal of Science 14 (4): 1 - 694.","Merrill, E. D. (1925) New species of Philippine plants collected by A. Loher. Philippine Journal of Science 27 (1): 1 - 59."]}

Perrottetia taronensis from the Dulong Jiang valley in northwestern Yunnan Province, China and the Babulongtan mountain range in northern Kachin State, Myanmar is here described as a new species of the Dipentodontaceae. It is the third species of the genus to be recognized for China and the first to be reported for Myanmar. It is similar to P. alpestris s.s. but differs by characters of its leaf margins, inflorescences, and fruit. The three subspecies of P. alpestris recognized by Hou in "Flora Malesiana" are here recognized as three distinct species, i.e., P. alpestris, P. moluccana, and P. philippinensis on the basis of differences in diagnostic characters and distribution. The report in the "Flora of China" of the Taiwan species P. arisanensis from Yunnan is determined to be incorrect due to misidentification of two specimens at KUN.

Stephan, Jeyamary, Fritsch, Peter W., Akhil, Rajkumar (2021): Symplocos mohananii sp. nov. (Symplocaceae) from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Phytotaxa 480 (2): 195-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.8

Galindon, John Michael M., Penneys, Darin S., Lagunday, Noel E., Tandang, Danilo N., Coritico, Fulgent P., Amoroso, Victor B., Fritsch, Peter W. (2021): Hypericum perryongii (Hypericaceae), a new species from Philippines. Phytotaxa 478 (1): 61-66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.4