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Background: Lentil is one of the most significant pulse crops, frequently referred to as "poor man's meat" because of its high protein content and inexpensive price. The present study was assessed for eleven morphological and yield variables to determine genetic variability, correlation and path co-efficients. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design using 56 different homogeneous progenies of a spontaneous mutant of lentil variety DPL 62 and four control varieties in triple replica during rabi 2017-18. Result: Significant amount of variability was observed for all the traits. High phenotypic coefficients of variance and genotypic coefficients of variance coupled with high heritability and genetic advance were observed for peduncle length, number of pods per plant, seed width, seed yield per plant suggesting that these traits are genetically controlled by additive gene action. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive association with number of branches/plant and number of pods/plant while number of pods/plant revealed highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight, number of branches per plant, days to maturity and leaflet breadth. Therefore, selection for these characters will directly lead to improvement in the yielding ability of lentil genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower production can be increased by exploring genetic variability present in the population. The nature of relationship between yield and its associated traits should be clearly understood to achieve parallel improvement of yield by indirect selection of beneficial traits. In the present study, 50 sunflower accessions along with five checks were evaluated for nine biometrical traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, hundred seed weight, volume weight, hull content, oil content and single plant yield to assess the variability and character association. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation among the genotypes for all the traits under consideration. Phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation values were high for hundred seed weight and single plant yield. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for the traits viz. days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, volume weight, oil content, hundred seed weight and single plant yield. Correlation studies revealed the presence of a positive and significant correlation between single plant yield and the traits head diameter and hundred seed weight. Similarly, oil content exhibited a positive and significant correlation with head diameter and volume weight. Path analysis also indicated the presence of high and moderate positive direct effect of head diameter and hundred seed weight on single plant yield. Based on the above, head diameter and hundred seed weight could be used as selection indices for yield improvement in sunflower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was focused on evaluating the F3 population of VBN 11 x LBG 17 based on 10 yield components and the per cent disease index (PDI) for powdery mildew. Variability, correlation, and path analyses were performed to examine the data. The F3 population exhibited a wide range of variation for both yield components and PDI. Notably, the number of branches per plant, PDI, and seed yield per plant (g) showed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation. Furthermore, PDI alone displayed high heritability along with a high genetic advance as a percentage of mean. Moderate heritability and high genetic advance as a percentage of mean were observed for plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, and seed yield per plant (g). These findings suggest that these traits are influenced by additive gene action and are suitable for effective selection. Correlation analysis revealed that all traits, except PDI and 100-seed weight, were significantly associated with seed yield per plant (g). Path analysis indicated that the total number of pods per plant had a substantial direct effect. Consequently, the total number of pods per plant can serve as a selection index for yield improvement programs. Notably, PDI exhibited no association with seed yield per plant (g), suggesting that resistant genotypes can be developed without any adverse correlation among yield components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty two genotypes of Indian bean were examined for the genetic variability parameters and trait correlation for 11 yield contributing traits in F5 progenies. Analysis revealed that these genotypes had a considerable level of diversity. The magnitude of GCV and PCV was high for seed yield per plant, which indicated the potential for selection based genetic enhancement. The GCV and PCV values were moderate for pod weight, pods width and pod length. High heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent mean was recorded for pod width, pod length, pod weight and seed yield per plant. The seed yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with pod weight, plant height, pod length, pod width and seeds per pod. The overall genotypic path analysis revealed that racemes per plant exhibited the highest positive direct effects on seed yield per plant followed by direct effects of pod length, pods per raceme, pod width and pod weight. Therefore, simple selection is advised for pod length, pod width and pod weight to boost the yield of the Indian bean. Based on mean values, the progenies W-19-26, W-19-22 and W-19-25 of GNIB-21 × GP-167 among all crosses had shown significantly higher seed yield over the check varieties GNIB-21 and GNIB-22 and hence identified as elite genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the variability and performance of thirty horsegram genotypes collected from various regions of Kerala and outside for yield and yield attributing characters. Analysis of variance was carried out based on the recorded observations, and it showed significant differences among the 30 genotypes for all the fifteen characters studied. Most of the traits exhibited narrow differences between PCV and GCV except for seeds per pod, the number of primary branches per plant and yield per plant. Yield per plant was found to be significant and positively correlated to primary and the number of secondary branches per plant, nodes per plant, pod number per plant, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that pod number per plant, seeds per pod, nodes per plant, 100 seed weight and days to maturity were the major yield contributing characters owing to their favorable direct effect on yield per plant. Genetic diversity studies using Mahalanobis' D² statistics assembled the 30 genotypes into eight clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two crosses in F3 generation were studied for their variability, correlation and path analysis. The cross VRI 8 × K6 had better mean performance in all traits with very good pod and kernel yield per plant with mean of 36.59 g and 22.56 g, respectively compared to that of BSR 2 × K 6 with mean pod and kernel yield per plant of 24.95 g and 15.59 g, respectively. The cross also had high heritability of pod yield (79.45 %) and kernel yield (82.83 %) with low and moderate GAM for pod (8.87 %) and kernel yield (10.19 %), respectively. Though the crosses were in early generations, the PCV and GCV values were low to moderate for both crosses expect for the kernel yield (27.70 % & 26.71 %) in BSR 2 × K 6 and pod yield in both the crosses (23.67 % & 21.24 % in BSR 2 × K 6 and 23.73 % & 21.16 % in VRI 8 × K 6, respectively) with higher PCV, GCV values. In correlation analysis, there was a highly significant positive correlation between kernel yield and number of matured pods, number of pods, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, pod yield and shelling percentage in both the crosses. Highly significant correlation was observed between shelling percentage and days to flowering in VRI 8 × K 6. Similarly, in BSR 2 × K 6, shelling percentage and 100 kernel weight were highly significantly correlated. Path analysis revealed that, there was a high positive direct effect on kernel yield by 100 kernel weight and pod yield in both the crosses. Shelling percentage in VRI 8 × K 6 had a negligible positive direct effect on the yield. Thus, on the basis of correlation and path analysis, 100 kernel weight, number of matured pods, shelling percentage, pod yield per plant were proved to be the outstanding characters influencing kernel yield in groundnut and need to be given importance in selection to achieve higher kernel yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to figure out genetic variability, correlation and path co-coefficients for seven traits in 42 F3 families of the cross Azucena/CB 87R*1 aimed for developing new restorer lines with indica tropical japonica background for their utilization in a hybrid program. The population exhibited high PCV and GCV for the traits viz., the number of productive tillers per plant, panicle weight and single plant yield. For the same traits, high heritability combined with high GAM was also deduced. The traits panicle weight, the number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width showed positive and significant associations with single plant yield. Though the traits panicle weight and the number of productive tillers were negatively correlated, they both exerted a high direct effect on single plant yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out to determine the genetic variability parameters and character associations for eleven quantitative traits in Indian bean genotypes. It revealed a significant amount of variability present among these genotypes. Seed yield per plant had high Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values, showing the potential for improvement by selection. Racemes per plant, pods per raceme, pods per plant, and pod weight had moderate GCV and PCV values. There was high heritability combined with a high genetic advance for pod weight and seed yield per plant. Plant height, pods per plant, and pod weight were significantly and positively associated with seed yield per plant. Pods per plant had the most positive direct effect on seed yield per plant, followed by racemes per plant, plant height, pod weight, pod length, and seeds per pod. Therefore, selection for such traits is advised to bring about improvement in Indian beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the highly consumed legumes and has the ability to withstand wide environmental conditions. Sixty greengram genotypes were evaluated for genetic relatedness with 11 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, the number of primary branches per plant, the number of clusters per plant, the number of pods per cluster, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, pod length, hundred seed weight and single plant yield. The data were subjected to variability, genetic advance, heritability, correlation and path analysis. In this study, the phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was found to be high for the number of clusters per pod and the number of pods per plant. High heritability was noticed for single plant yield, plant height and hundred seed weight. The genetic advance was found to be very high for the number of pods per plant. Association studies revealed that the single plant yield was significantly correlated with the number of pods per plant (0.75) followed by the number of pods per cluster (0.60), the number of clusters per plant (0.58) and the number of seeds per pod (0.49). The direct and positive effect was recorded for the traits viz., days to maturity (1.44), the number of pods per cluster (0.67), pod length (0.46) and plant height (0.24). Phenotypic selection of traits contributing to grain yield exhibiting high heritability and genetic advance would help in the selection of superior genotypes for the improvement of grain yield in greengram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis for eight yield related traits in segregating F2 population of an aerobic restorer AR 9-18 × YPK 198 (Donor for yield enhancing genes Gn1a and OsSPL14) at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad during the kharif, 2019. The results indicated that, productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and plant yield showed high PCV and GCV. Height of plant, productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and plant yield exhibited a high heritability and also high genetic advance as per cent of mean which indicates simple selection would be effective for enhancement of these traits. Correlation studies indicated that plant yield was associated significantly positive with height of plant, productive tiller number, length of panicle and grain number per panicle. High positive direct effect on plant yield was recorded by productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and height of plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is a universal crop grown for its diversified end uses. A total of 250 plants of F2 generation were evaluated for nine quantitative characters of cross made between Paiyur 2 and Kottathur local 5. The minimum difference was observed between the phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits which reveals that the effect of environment was minimum on the expression of the character. High PCV was observed for plant height (20.36%), test weight (23.59%), and single plant yield (44.52%). Low PCV was observed for days to fifty percent flowering (9.80%), days to maturity (6.54%) and number of leaves (7.14%). High heritability accompanied with genetic advance was observed for plant height (h²=99.03%; GAPM=41.55%), leaf length (h²=97.87%; GAPM=23.70%), stem diameter (h²=94.49%; GAPM=27.36%), test weight (h²=99.03%; GAPM=48.13%), and single plant yield (h²=99.57%; GAPM=91.33%) and it indicates that the characters are under the additive gene action and suitable for the selection process. Plant height (0.6115) recorded positive significant correlation with single plant yield and hence selection towards the plant height directly improves the yield. Plant height (0.6132) and test weight (0.297) showed positive direct effect on single plant yield which indicates that the selection towards these characters will improve the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out using 40 mutants along with two check varieties CO(Kv)2 and MDU1 during Kharif 2019. Sixteen characters were studied and out of which only 11 traits showed significant variation. Correlation and path analysis were done for 11 traits viz., number of basal tillers, days to fifty percent flowering, flag leaf length, panicle length, plant height, number of raceme, number of productive tillers, number of leaves in main tiller, average leaves in side tiller, single ear head weight and single plant yield. Among the eleven biometrical traits, high heritability was recorded by traits such as number of basal tillers, days to fifty percent flowering, flag leaf length, plant height, number of racemes, number of productive tillers, number of leaves in main tiller, single ear head weight and single plant yield. Correlation studies showed that number of productive tillers, single ear head weight and plant height possess significant positive correlation with yield at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path analysis showed that traits like number of basal tillers, single ear head weight and panicle length had high direct effect on yield. Thus, selection of these traits would be rewarding for yield improvement in barnyard millet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a study carried out with 71 genotypes of Indian mustard under sub-Himalayan condition during rabi 2017-18, it was found that all the genotypes differed significantly for yield and its attributing traits. Both GCV and PCV were found to be higher for height up to first fruiting branch, aphid count and penetration force indicating high variability in the genotypes. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for height up to first fruiting branch, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, siliquae per plant and 1000 seed weight. The trait association study revealed that secondary branches per plant and siliquae per plant had positive significant association with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that penetration force exhibited the highest direct effect on seed yield. Siliquae per plant and secondary branches per plant exhibited high direct positive effect and positive association with seed yield per plant. On the basis of all the eleven traits taken together, the genotype PRD-2013-9 (rank-1) was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted to explore the genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield and yield component traits in maize. One hundred maize inbred lines obtained from Department of millets,TNAU were raised along with five checks in Augmented block design II and observations were recorded on twenty morphological traits. Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variance for all the characters. High PCV, GCV heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for anthesis silking interval, number of tassel branches, number of kernels per row, grain yield per plant, cob weight, ear height and number kernel rows per cob. This indicated the effectiveness of selection towards these traits. Critical analysis of results obtained from character association indicated that grain yield per plant had positive significant association with cob weight, cob girth, number of kernels per row plant height, cob length, ear height, 100 kernel weight, tassel length and chlorophyll index. Thus selection for these traits could bring about an improvement in yield attributes of maize. Path analysis for the attributed traits revealed the direct influence of cob girth followed by number of kernels per row, shelling percentage, days to 50 percent silking and ear height on grain yield. Hence these traits could be used as an effective selection indicator to identify the elite genotypes from a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The F2 segregating generation of two crosses viz., CO 52 × CR Dhan 310 and RNR 15048 × CB 13543 were evaluated for variability parameters, character association and path coefficient analysis. The results revealed that both the crosses exhibited high GCV and PCV for the traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and single plant yield. The traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, hundred grain weight and single plant yield showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating the presence of additive gene effect and selection for these traits may be effective. Correlation studies revealed that plant height, number of productive tillers and panicle length had significant positive association with single plant yield in both crosses. Number of productive tillers per plant showed high positive direct effect on grain yield. Path analysis revealed that number of productive tillers per plant showed high positive direct effect on grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barnyard millet is one of the hardiest, climate resilient and fast growing crop that is bestowed with high nutrient content in grains. An experiment was carried out in barnyard millet under natural sodic soil condition to study the genetic variability and association for different morphological and yield contributing traits. Ninety nine barnyard millet genotypes including two commercial check varieties viz., MDU1 and CO (KV) 2 were evaluated under sodic soil condition. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the characters studied. High phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation and heritability were recorded for plant height, ear width, lower raceme length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and grain yield per plant. Association studies indicated that grain yield per plant had highly significant positive correlation with days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, ear width and thousand grain weight. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the highest direct and indirect effect on grain yield per plant was exhibited by days to fifty percent flowering. Thus, days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, ear width and thousand grain weight can be used as selection indices for increasing grain yield of barnyard millet in sodic soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability, correlation and path analysis of 24 yield and quality characters were assessed in turmeric using 15 genotypes. Wide genetic variability was observed among the genotypes for most of the characters studied. High GCV and PCV was observed for 17 characters except for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, primary rhizome length, secondary rhizome girth, diameter of inner core of primary rhizome and diameter of primary rhizome. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for 23 characters except secondary rhizome girth. Simple correlation analysis revealed that fresh rhizome yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with collar girth, length of mother rhizome, girth of mother rhizome, weight of mother rhizome, number of primary rhizome, weight of primary rhizome and number of secondary rhizome. From path analysis, it is understood that fresh rhizome yield exhibited high direct positive effect on girth of mother rhizome, weight of mother rhizome, weight of primary rhizome, number of secondary rhizome and curcumin content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundnut yield in rain fed areas has been limited by drought stress because pod yield and other growth parameters have been severely affected. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its contributing traits in 30 groundnut genotypes under drought. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences among genotypes for all characters studied. The magnitude of PCV and GCV was moderate to high for number of pods per plant, dry haulm yield, kernel yield, plant height and dry pod yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for kernel yield, plant height, dry pod yield, and hundred kernel weight indicating the role of additive gene in expressing these traits. Dry pod yield was significant positively correlated with kernel yield, no of pods per plant, hundred kernel weight and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR). Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of pods per plant and hundred kernel weight were essential traits to be considered for realizing the improvement in yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical assessment of the nature and magnitude of variability in the available germplasm and finding out associations among yield and its contributing characters are the pre-requisites to any breeding program. Keeping these points in view, genetic variability and interrelationship among 10 quantitative characters were studied in a set of 27 lentil genotypes during two growing seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. The field experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and conducted at the research farm, Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Dara'a, GCSAR, Syria. The results showed that sufficient variability was present among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The component of genotypic variance of characters like number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, biological yield, harvest index, and seed yield was higher than the environmental variance component; indicating that the genotypic component was the major contributor to total or phenotypic variance. Generally, the values of PCV were higher than the corresponding ones of GCV for all the characters, but in many cases, both values differed only slightly. Characters like number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield and seed yield have recorded accompanied high estimates of GCV, heritability and genetic advance over character mean. The seed yield showed positive and highly significant associations with number of primary branches per plant and biological yield at the both genotypic and phenotypic levels. The highest positive direct effects have belonged to number of primary branches per plant followed by plant height and days to 50 % flowering; suggesting the importance of these characters and necessity of adoption them as selection criteria for seed yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]