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Craterellus albidus is proposed as a new species based on both morphological evidence and DNA analyses. Morphologically, Cr. albidus is characterized by its small-sized whitish pileus, smooth to slightly folded hymenium, white to lemon-yellow stipe, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with a size of 7.8–11 × 6.1–8.2 µm, and a cutis pileipellis. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit ribosomal RNA (nrLSU) region provide further evidence that the described specimens represent a new species.

The genus Cantharellus, commonly known as chanterelles, has recently been divided into six subgenera, however, wider sampling approaches are needed to clarify the relationships within and between these groups. A phylogenetic overview of Cantharellus subgenus Parvocantharellus in China was inferred based on the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). A total of nine species from China were assigned to the subgenus, including seven novel species, namely Cantharellusaurantinus, C. austrosinensis, C. galbanus, C. luteolus, C. luteovirens, C. minioalbus, and C. sinominior, and two known species, namely C. albus and C. zangii. The detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided based on the newly obtained data, with the comparisons to closely related species. C. zangii was restudied based on the paratype specimens and multiple new collections from the type locality. Futhermore, the Indian species C. sikkimensis was identified as a synonym of C. zangii based on the morphological and molecular analyses. A key to the Chinese species belonging to the subg. Parvocantharellus is also provided.

The corticioid fungi from Santa Catarina Island mangroves were surveyed, and 42 specimens corresponding to 15 species and 13 genera were identified. The most commonly found species was Hjortstamia crassa, and the Itacorubi mangrove was the area where more specimens were found (17 out of 42 specimens). Most of the specimens were collected on dead wood, and the most common host was Avicennia schaueriana. Six species were previously unknown from mangroves around the world; Phanerochaete subglobosa is recorded for the first time outside Asia, Hjortstamia amethystea is newly reported from Southern Brazil, and four species are new records from the State of Santa Catarina. Taxonomic remarks are given for the treated species, and an updated checklist of xylophilous fungi and pseudofungi (Myxomycetes) known from Santa Catarina Island mangroves is provided.

Lichenicolous species are widely distributed in the Basidiomycota, and many are known to produce sclerotia or bulbils with few additional structures to permit taxonomic placement. The Cantharellales include many of these species and we here describe a new species that grows over Cladonia rangiferina and forms yellow-orange, initially immersed bulbils similar to Burgella flavoparmeliae Diederich & Lawrey, a familiar species in the order. We obtained sequences of nuLSU representing an isolated culture and herbarium specimen of the species, and initial searches in GenBank indicated it was a member of the Cantharellales. We inferred its phylogenetic placement in the order using an existing dataset that included all known lichenicolous species. Our results indicate that it is not closely related to any described lichenicolous species or to any other described bulbilliferous species in the order. Based on these results, we are now establishing a new genus and species, Neoburgoa freyi, in the Hydnaceae sensu Hibbett et al. (2014). We also introduce the new name Adamflakia for the genus Bulbilla as the latter coincides with the technical term ‘bulbilla' used in previous descriptions of bulbil-forming species and is therefore not validly published following the ICN (Art. 20.2); Adamflakia applanata comb. nov. is proposed.

Lichenicolous species are widely distributed in the Basidiomycota, and many are known to produce sclerotia or bulbils with few additional structures to permit taxonomic placement. The Cantharellales include many of these species and we here describe a new genus and species discovered in Austria that grows over Physcia aipolia and P. stellaris and forms minute dark reddish brown bulbils reminiscent of Ceratobasidium bulbillifaciens but much smaller in size. We obtained sequences of ITS and nuLSU rDNA representing the herbarium specimen of the species, and initial searches in GenBank indicated it was a member of the Cantharellales, with closest relatives in the genus Minimedusa. We inferred its phylogenetic placement in the order using an existing dataset that included all known lichenicolous species, augmented by sequences obtained by BLAST searches in GenBank. Our results indicate that the unknown is not closely related to any described lichenicolous species or to any other described bulbilliferous species in the order. Based on these results, we are now establishing a new genus and species, Bergerella atrofusca, in the Cantharellales family Hydnaceae.

Craterellus luteus sp. nov. is described from China. It is characterized by a light yellow to greenish yellow pileus, white to yellowish white hymenophore, broad basidiospores and lack of aromatic odor. Detailed morphological description, photographs and comparisons with phenetically similar taxa are provided.

In this paper, the authors report on first Craterellus collections from the poorly explored tropical deciduous scrub forest of Rajmahal hills, Jharkhand, India. In this habitat, dominated by Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae), a yellow to orange craterelloid species was abundantly growing in caespitose troops all over the forest floor. Morphological analysis and sequence data from the nucLSU revealed these specimens to belong to a hitherto undescribed Craterellus. As the new species is morphologically identical to Pterygellus polymorphus var. minor, our results suggest that Pterygellus is a later synonym of Craterellus.

A new species Sistotrema macabouense sp. nov., collected in Martinique (French West Indies), is described and illustrated. The differences to closely related species are discussed.

12 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure., [EN] Several morphological species of the genus Hydnum L. are known to occur in Europe, but little molecular evidence exists to confirm the exact number and delimitation of the species. The present study seeks to investigate the genus Hydnum through sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions and through morphological studies. The DNA sequences phylogenetic analysis revealed high diversity among the ITS region sequences in H. repandum (two clades) and H. rufescens (six clades) while the specimens of H. albidum, H. umbilicatum and H. ellipsosporum formed one and clearly separated clade per morphological species. Phylogenetic distances among the recognised species and the obtained morphologically unsupported clades are comparable and support the idea of several new, yet undescribed species. The intraspecific variability in the sequence data among phylogenetic species is generally low. Detailed morphological analysis of putative informative morphological characteristics could not support any of the observed non-monophyletic DNA-sequences clades within H. repandum or H. rufescens, and the proper use of names is not yet clear. Similar intraspecific variation has also been observed in many other ectomycorrhizal genera and could be explained by intensive speciation within variable groups under the influence of various factors (niche effect, ectomycorrhizal partner selection)., [ES] En Europa, sobre la base de la morfología se han identificado distintas especies en el género Hydnum L.; sin embargo, no se tenían datos moleculares para confirmar el número exacto de táxones y las relaciones entre los mismos. Este trabajo se basa en los análisis filogenéticos de las secuencias ITS del nrDNA, que se comparan con los estudios morfológicos y los análisis estadísticos. Los análisis filogenéticos revelan una alta diversidad en las secuencias de las regions ITS en H. repandum (dos clados) y en H. rufescens (seis clados), mientras que las muestras de H. albidum, H. umbilicatum e H. ellipsosporum se agrupan en clados únicos, que coinciden con especies tradicionales basadas en caracteres morfológicos. Los análisis morfológicos y filogenéticos son similares y apoyan la idea de que en este género existen todavía un número de especies no descritas. En las posibles especies filogenéticas, la variabilidad intraespecífica de las secuencias es baja. Por otro lado, el resultado del detallado análisis morfológico no apoya ninguno de los clados de H. repandum o H. rufescens, por lo que todavía no queda claro el táxon al que designan estos nombres. Una variabilidad intraespecífica similar se ha observado en otros géneros de hongos ectomicorrícicos y podría explicarse por especiación intensiva bajo la influencia de diversos factores (efecto de nicho, selección del hospedante ectomicorrícico)., The study was supported through the research programme P4- 0107, young researchers’ scheme and project Z4-7578, financed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports of the Republic of Slovenia, the Bilateral Project Spain-Slovenia (2000SI003), the BIOD-IBERIA projects A9 and A64, and Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CGL2006-12732-C02-01/BOS).

Non-poroid Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycota) in areas of the Atlantic Rain Forest in Northeast Brazil are reported. Auriscalpium villipes (Lloyd) Snell & E.A. Dick, Climacodon pulcherrimus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Nikol., Gloeodontia discolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Boidin, Irpex lacteus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. and Scytinostroma duriusculum (Berk. & Broome) Donk are new records to Northeast Brazil. Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycota) não poróides foram registrados em áreas de Mata Atlântica do Nordeste brasileiro. Auriscalpium villipes (Lloyd) Snell & E.A. Dick, Climacodon pulcherrimus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Nikol., Gloeodontia discolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Boidin, Irpex lacteus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. e Scytinostroma duriusculum (Berk. & Broome) Donk são novas ocorrências para o Nordeste do Brasil.

* Part I of the present series ("Cyphellaceae") was published in Reinwardtia 1: 199-220. 1951; Part II (Hymenolichens), in Reinwardtia 2: 435-440. 1954; Part III ("Clavariaceae"), in Reinwardtia 2: 441-493. 1954; Part IV ("Boletaceae"), in Reinwardtia 3: 275-313. 1955; Part V ("Hydnaceae"), in Taxon 5: 69-80, 95-115. 1956; Part VI (Brachybasidiaceae, Cryptobasidiaceae, Exobasidiaceae), in Reinwardtia 3: 113-118. 1956; Part VII, in Taxon 6: 17-28, 68-85, 106-123. 1957; Part VIII (Auriculariaceae, Septobasidiaceae, Tremellaceae, Dacrymycetaceae), in Taxon 7: 164-178, 193-207, 236-250. 1958; Part IX ("Meruliaceae" and Cantharellus s. str.), in Fungus 28: 7-15. 1958; [Part X] The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae, in Persoonia 1: 173-302. 1960; [Part XI] The generic names proposed for Agaricaceae. In press. ** Rijksherbarium, Leiden. to the Introduction to "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae" (Donk in Persoonia 1: 173-175. 1960), in which also some technical terms are explained. The use of 'per' instead of 'ex' between author's names may be briefly explained: 'per' connects the citation of an author who would validly have published the name if the starting point of a later date than May 1, 1753 of the group concerned had not been adopted (devalidated name) with the citation of the author who actually validly published the name (revalidated name); compare Donk (in Taxon 6: 255-256. 1957; 10: 68-69. 1961).

The finding of clamps throughout the tissues in Phellodon fibulatus sp. nov. raises a question as to the recognition of the family Bankeraceae, characterized mainly by hyaline echinulate spores and a distinctive odor when dried. Grand and Moore have shown that the ornamentation on the spores of Phellodon is the same as in Hydnellum and Hydnum, and Brady reports the presence of the thelephoric acid in the same genera. This leaves hyaline spores as the only significant difference between Hydnellum and Phellodon. Odor of the dried specimens is considered to be of doubtful value as a family character. It is concluded that the family Bankeraceae is superfluous, and its genera are referred to the Hydnaceae.