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Total lipids (TL) (2.1%), more than half of which were glycolipids (GL) (1.3%), and neutral lipids (NL) (0.54%) and phospholipids (PL) (0.26%) were isolated from the air-dried aerial part of Scutellaria ramosissima. The principal acids of the NL were 16:0, 18:2, and 18:3. Acid 16:0 (up to 40 mass% of the acids) dominated the glycolipids. Palmitic and linoleic acids dominated the PL with 18:1 in combination with 18:3 comprising slightly greater than 31%, like linoleic acid. The chlorophyll content was 197.3 mg% in the total lipids; carotinoids, 157.1 mg%; tocopherols, 357.0 mg% in unsaponified substances (US). The cytotoxic activity of the S. ramosissima lipid fractions was tested on HL-60 and HeLa cancer cell lines using the MTT test. PL, NL, and US showed cytotoxicity for HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 8.3, 22.0, and 24.3 μg/mL, respectively, and were inactive for HeLa cells. The GL and TL turned out to be slightly active.

Lipids from seeds of the new Indigofera tinctoria variety Feruz-1 that was grown in saline soil near the Aral Sea were studied for the first time. The seed oil content was 2.66%. The fatty-acid compositions of triacylglycerides, glyco- and phospholipids, free fatty acids, and fatty-acid esters of cyclic alcohols were determined. The dominant acids by mass were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2.

The yield of free and bound lipids from fruits of Solenanthus turkestanicus was 11.54%; of Onosma irrigans, 20.25%. The contents in them of neutral lipids were 10.32 and 19.75%; of glycolipids 0.82 and 0.26%; and of phospholipids, 0.40 and 0.24%, respectively. The fatty-acid compositions of all lipid groups of the studied plants were determined. It was shown that the characteristic fatty acids for plants of this family were γ-linolenic 18:3 (6, 9, 12) and stearidonic 18:4 (6 ,9, 12, 15), which were present in all groups of studied lipids.

Salinity is one of the major factors limiting agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Saline areas around the world are increasing and sources of fresh water are decreasing. The increasing importance of the use of brackish water to supplement regular irrigation has demonstrated a need for finding new potential plants with tolerance to irrigation with saline water which can be used in industrial agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine whether irrigation with brackish water of Crambe Abyssinica, a plant commonly used for industrial oil production and for ornamental purposes and with high economical value, especially in Central Asia and the Aral Sea region, is feasible. One more goal was to study how it influences growth and development, seed and oil yield and some physiological parameters such as photosynthesis, transpiration, chlorophyll content, osmotic potential and accumulation of fresh and dry weight. The effects of three salinity levels, 3, 6 and 9 dS m−1, were investigated in a greenhouse experiment during two consecutive years. Results of this study showed that growth of Crambe abyssinica in arid zones and irrigation with mild saline water up to EC 6 dS m−1, mostly common in these areas is feasible, suggesting tolerance to moderate salinity levels and feasibility of its culture in areas of the Aral Sea with adequate salinity levels. Consequently, in spite of the fact that biomass and seed yield were significantly decreased in plants irrigated with brackish water, Crambe abyssinica might be cultivated as an alternate source of green biomass and for industrial vegetable oil under conditions not suitable for conventional plant production.

Lipids from seeds with pericarp and leaves of Solenanthus circinnatus Ledeb. (Boraginaceae) were studied. The contents and class and fatty-acid compositions of neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids were established. The composition of unsaponified substances of lipids from seeds and leaves was determined. It was found that an insignificant part of S. circinnatus alkaloids was extracted with the lipids.

Lipids of Crambe abyssinica Hochst (Brassicaceae) seeds grown in hothouses in Israel and in the open in Uzbekistan in soil imported from the Aral Sea region were studied. It was found that the seed oil content decreased as the irrigation-water salinity increased. The content of total unsaturated fatty acids of neutral lipids was in the range 91.31–94.81%; of polar lipids, 69.59–83.78%.

The composition of free and bound lipids from seeds of Cortusa turkestanica A. Lozinsk (Primulaceae) was studied. The fatty acid composition of principal acyl-containing classes was established using GC/MS. It was found that triacylglycerines isolated from free and bound lipids contained the usual acids and rarely encountered polyunsaturated 18:3 ω-6 (γ-linolenic, 8.8 and 3.2%) and 18:4 ω-3 (stearidonic, 0.7 and 0.4%) acids and were enriched in linoleic acid (18:2, ω-6, 58.2 and 60.8%, respectively). It was found that polyunsaturated 18:3 ω-6 and 18:4 ω-3 acids were missing in the free form and were found among polar substances of bound lipids.

Lipids from seeds of three plants of the Asteraceae family, Cousinia franchetii, Arctium leiospermum, and Rhaponticum integrifolium, were studied. The principal constituents of lipids from the three plants were shown to be acylglycerides of ordinary fatty acids and oxygenated fatty acids using chemical and chromatographic analyses. The composition of the ordinary unoxidized and epoxy acids was determined by GC.

Chemical, chromatographic, and spectral methods were used to show that the main components of the lipid extract of flowers and leaves are free and bound aliphatic and cyclic alcohols (sterols and triterpenols) and essential oil. It was shown that the lipid extract of Artemisia annua has a positive influence on skin metabolism and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

Seed characteristics and the lipid and fatty-acid compositions were determined for the new cotton varieties ASh-25, Omad, 9771-I, Termez-43, and Bukhara-6.

Lipids of seeds with pericarp and an admixture of the air-dried aerial part (AP) of Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisch. et Mey. (Boraginaceae) were studied. The contents and component and fatty-acid compositions of neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids, and strongly bound lipids were established. It was found that part of the alkaloids was extracted together with the lipids from these plant organs. The chromatographic mobility of the heliotrope alkaloids was determined under the lipid separation conditions.

Lipids from Crambe amabilis Butk. et Majlun and C. kotschyana Boiss. grown in the open in Uzbekistan in soil imported from the Aral Sea region were studied. It was found that the seed oil content decreased with increasing salinity of irrigation water with EC 1.5 up to 9.0 dS/m. The content of polar lipids increased. The content of unsaturated acids from C. amabilis neutral lipids was 94.74–97.46%; C. kotschyana, 95.76– 96.78%.

Data from the last 50 years for various classes of compounds from certain plant species of the oleaster (Elaeagnaceae) family are reviewed

Chemical, chromatographic, and spectral methods are used for the first time to analyze neutral lipids, ordinary and hydroxylated fatty acids, and lipophilic components ofXanthium strumarium L. seeds.

The triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the seeds and fruit flesh ofManagora turcomanica have been investigated for the first time using the methods of mass spectrometry and enzymolysis. It has been found that in the TAGs of the seeds the 18∶2 acids undergo specific esterification in the sn-2 position, while in the TAGs of the flesh this position is acylated by 18∶1 and 18∶2 acids. For both parts of the fruit the main TAG species is sn-1(3)-oleoyldilinoleate, and the main types are represented by triunsaturated and monounsaturated-diunsaturated glycerides.

The chemical compositions of the waxes of the flowers ofRosa gallica L., Jasminum grandiflorum L., andViola odorata L. have been characterized. The waxes of these plants mainly contained hydrocarbons and fatty and cyclic alcohols and their esters with fatty acids. The highest level of free fatty acids (12.4%) was found in theJ. grandiflorum wax. Depending on the plant species, the above-mentioned groups of substances differed in composition and amount, but hydrocarbons predominated.

The lipids and fatty acids of the seeds ofOenothera biennis L, fam. Onagraceae, have been studied with the aid of chemical, chromatographic, and spectral analyses. In the lipids we identified the usual and oxygenated acylglycerides and five classes of lipophilic substances. The structures of four epxy acids and of 22 hydroxy acids have been determined. The physiologically active 18:3(6,9,12)- acid was found in all the acylcontaining classes.

Lipids of leaves, runners, and stems of Callisia fragrans were investigated. Classes of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The contents of ascorbic acid and organic acids and chlorophyll and carotinoid pigments in various plant organs were established.

Nine classes of lipids have been isolated in homogenous form from ripe seeds of the Japanese pagoda tree, and their fatty acid compositions have been established. The positional distributions of the fatty acids in the phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols have been determined.

The compositions and structures of the lipids and lipophilic components of the seeds ofArtemisia leucodes Sch. have been determined with the aid of the mass-spectrometral method and chemical transformations.

Lipids of Eminium Lehmannii leaves and tuber casings and cores were studied. Their class and fatty-acid compositions were determined. Leaf pigments were investigated.

The lipid and fatty acid compositions of the wastes arising in the production of drugs fromAralia mandshurica,Digitalis lanata,Glaucia flavum,Ephedra equisetina, andFerula varia have been studied.

The lipid complex of the seeds ofHeracleum lehmannianum B. has been studied. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospho- and glycolipids, and the fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing classes of lipids have been determined. It has been shown that the neutral and the polar lipids differ considerably from one another with respect to the level of certain fatty acids. The position-species compositions of the TAGS and of the main components of the phospholipids have been calculated from the results of lipolytic hydrolysis.

Phosphatidylinositol with a nontraditional position distribution of the fatty acids has been detected in germinating cotton seeds.

Fruits of two varieties of Hippophae rhamnoides L. collected in Kyrgyzstan (I) and Uzbekistan (II) were investigated. Differences in their morphological and biochemical properties were demonstrated. Titrable acids, ascorbic acid, and protein dominated in the fruits of I. Pulp oil of II contained more free fatty acids (acid number 2.9 mg KOH) and carotinoids (419.3 mg%). The principal pulp acid was 16:1. Among the rarely encountered acids of pulp oil, an insignificant quantity of 16:2 was detected (1.2–4.6%). Seed oil of the studied specimens contained >40% of the essential acids 18:2 and 18:3 (vitamin F).

It has been established that the bulk of the epicuticular lipids of common sea buckthorn leaves is represented by the class of higher aliphatic esters, while higher fatty acids, other acids of the aliphatic series, and cyclic acids of triterpene nature have also been detected. The intracellular lipids consist mainly of esters of various alcohols with higher fatty acids, while the same alcohols are found in the form of acetates and in the free state. In addition, the composition of the intracellular lipids includes hydrocarbons, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, carotenoids, aldehydes, and acids of triterpene nature.

We have studied the polar lipids and alkaloids of the biomass ofRuta graveolens L. (ram. Rutaceae) grownin vivo andin vitro and have determined the quantitative compositions of the classes of glyco- and phospholipids, the fatty-acid compositions of their individual acyl-containing components, and their alkaloid contents. The lipids of the biomass of thein vitro culture contained smaller amounts of phosphatidylcholine, of linolenic acid in all classes of acylglycerols, and of hexadec-trans,3-enoic acid in the phosphatidylgtycerol than those of thein vivo culture. Graveoline was found among the total alkaloids of both thein vivo andin vitro cultures and it was isolated from thein vivo culture.

The composition and amounts of various classes of lipids of the seeds of Hibiscus sp. have been investigated. Seven classes of neutral lipids, five of phospholipids, and five of glycolipids have been identified and their fatty-acid and triglyceride compositions have been established. The presence has been shown of 16 main types of triacylglycerols and 25 types of epoxyacyldiacylglycerols. An epoxy-18.0 and an epoxy-18:1 acid in a combined amount of 1.4% have been detected among the acids of the free lipids, together with 8.1% of cyclopropenoid acids.

Unsaponified compounds of lipids from Mediasia macrophylla were investigated. They were found to contain about 50% essential oil. The content of petroselinic acid in the mixture of acids isolated from the neutral lipids and glycolipids of the leaves was determined by TLC, GC, and destructive oxidation.

Among the oxidized lipids in the seed oil of the oliveElaeagnus angustifolia we have detected six epoxy acids and five hydroxy acids, of these 12-hydroxyoctadeca-8,10-dienone being new.

The lipids of the kernels of ripe cotton seeds of varieties resistant and susceptible to verticillium wilt have been determined. Intra- and intervariety changes in these indices for the infected plants have been revealed. Different directions of the post-infection changes in the lipids according to the degree of resistance of the variety to wilt have been shown. Differences have been observed both in healthy and in infected plants.

The lipids of the tuberous roots ofMandragora turcomanica Mizger (fam. Solanaceae) have been characterized for the first time. By using CC, TLC, Ag+-TLC, UV and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry, 20 classes of lipids and lipophilic substances have been characterized. The main components of the acyl-containing lipids that were isolated were found to be triacylglycerols and glycolipids, and among the lipophilic compounds they were alkanols and sterols; in the mixture of fatty acids of the acyl-containing lipids the 18:2, 18:1, and 16:0 acids predominated.

The yields and fatty acid compositions of the free lipids and lipids weakly and strongly bound to proteins from seeds of cottonplant varieties resistant and susceptible to verticillium wilt have been determined and the changes in these indices in the seeds of the infected plants have been measured. It has been established that the seeds of healthy plants of the two varieties are similar in the qualitative compositions of the lipids and fatty acids but differ with respect the amounts of lipids in them bound with protein in different ways and with respect to the amounts of the individual fatty acids. The observed changes in the lipid and fatty-acid compositions depend on the degree of resistance of the variety to wilt.

The phsicochemical indices and the fatty-acid and triacylglycerol compositions of cottonseed and palm oils, of cottonseed oil hydrogenate, and of compositions based on them have been determined with the aid of IR and UV spectroscopies, GLC analysis, and chemical transformations. The compositions and amounts of the main classes of lipids in the initial oils and the hydrogenate have been studied. It has been found that in the process of hydrogenation the amount of oxygenated components falls.

The class composition of the lipids of the biomass of the microalgaMonochrysis lutheri grown under the accumulation regime of cultivation has been investigated for the first time. A predominance of triacylglycerols in the neutral lipids, of phosphatidylcholine in the phospholipids, and of digalactosyldiacylglycerols in the glycolipids has been established. New natural alkan-8-ones of the C36-C50 series have been detected.

In the lipids of the biomass of the microalga Monochrysis lutheri, 37 fatty acids have been detected; the main ones are the 16:0 and 16:1 species, the latter being represented by two isomers. The specific localizations of the 16:1, 20:4, and 20:5 acids in the triacylglycerols and the phospho- and glycolipids have been found.

Lipids of Kazachok castor seeds were studied. The compositions of neutral lipids of the benzine extract and of the fatty acids of neutral and polar lipids were found. The principal acids were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and 12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic.

Lipids from Mediasia macrophylla leaves were studied. Classes of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids and their fatty-acid composition were determined. The content of chlorophyll and carotinoid pigments in the leaves and lipid extract was found. Essential oil was isolated by steam distillation and contained free and bound fatty acids.

The glycolipids and phospholipids of the fruit of Russian olive have been studied. The seeds yielded nine glycolipids and seven phospholipid components, and the pericarp eight glycolipids and three phospholipid components. Their fatty-acid compositions have been determined.

A lower content of chlorophylls, phospholipids, and linolenic acid and a higher content of rutin, carotenoids, and xanthophylls in the biomass ofRuta graveolens L. obtainedin vitro has been found as compared with these indices from the epigeal part of the plant grownin vivo.

The class composition and the total fatty acid composition of the readily- and difficulty-extractable lipids and the amino acid composition of a protein hydrolysate of the dry biomass from the golden-yellow microalgaMonochrysis lutheri have been determined for the first time. It has been established that the difficulty-extractable lipids differ sharply from the readily extractable lipids in the composition of the neutral and glycolipid components and also in that of the fatty acids; 27% of the weight of the fatty acids of the latter is composed of the 20:4 and 20:5 species. The protein hydrolysate ofM. lutheri contains almost the whole set of essential fatty acids.

The structures of the oxygenated fatty acids of the lipids ofOnopordum acanthium L. seeds have been studied by the methods of chemical, chromatographic, and spectral analyses. Triepoxy acids of the C18 series and 24 monohydroxy acids with chain lengths of C14–C18 have been identified, of which the 8-OH-9Z,12Z-18:2 and the 14-OH-9Z,12Z-18:2 acids have been isolated as natural compounds for the first time.

The influence of a number of defoliants on the gossypol pigments of cotton seeds of variety S-4880 has been studied. It was established that the qualitative compositions of the pigments of the defoliant-treated plants and of the control plants were identical. However, their quantitative composition in seeds treated with defoliants having a severe action had changed substantially: they contained larger amounts of the bound forms of gossypol than in the variants with defoliants having a mild action.

The compositions and amounts of polar lipids in cotton seeds and the products of their processing have been investigated. Six glycolipids have been identified, the main ones being monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDGs), digalactosyldiglycerides (DGDGs), and sterol glycosides. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. In the glycolipids, saturated fatty acids — palmitic and stearic — predominated.

Three epoxy-, fifteen monohydroxy-, and three dihydroxyacids from lipids ofArtemisia leucodesSch. Seeds were identified using chemical, chromatographic, and spectral analyses.

The mass of 1000Capsicum annuum(Solanaceae) seeds and their moisture, oil and ash contents were determined. The lipid composition and acid components were studied. Low-molecular-weight fatty acids, concentrated in the ester fraction, were detected

Lipids of the leaves, stems, and rhizomes with roots ofAcorus calamusL. were investigated. The neutral-lipid classes and fatty-acid composition of neutral-, glyco-, and phospholipids were determined. The essential oil content in the total lipids of A. calamus was established by steam distillation.