10,043 results
Search Results
2. SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER: Green light: a signal to slow down or stop
- Author
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Folta, Kevin M. and Maruhnich, Stefanie A.
- Published
- 2007
3. Invited Synthesis Paper: Regulation of Tillering by Apical Dominance: Chronology, Interpretive Value, and Current Perspectives
- Author
-
Briske, David D.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Paper-based electroanalytical devices for in situ determination of free 3-indoleacetic acid and salicylic acid in living Pyropia haitanensis thallus under various environmental stresses
- Author
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Yuejun Fei, Lijun Sun, Lingjuan Tang, Yu Pan, Qiong Wang, and Xiaohui Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,In situ ,Chemistry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Paper based ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Thallus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pyropia haitanensis ,Biophysics ,Differential pulse voltammetry ,Desiccation ,Salicylic acid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Phytohormones play a vital role in regulating plant developmental processes and signaling for defense, but little is known of the specific functions of phytohormones in Pyropia haitanensis. In this study, paper-based electroanalytical devices for sensitive, in situ detection of free 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA) based on their electrocatalytic oxidation under differential pulse voltammetry in P. haitanensis thallus were built. Then, this method was used to detect free IAA and SA in P. haitanensis thallus under different environmental stresses, including high temperature, high irradiance, desiccation, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The concentrations of SA increased after the different environmental stresses were imposed, while the concentrations of IAA significantly decreased after desiccation, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and high light. During exposure to high temperature, the concentrations of IAA increased in the first hour after treatment, and then returned to the normal level for the following 5 h. All of the electrocatalytic measurements were supported by measuring expression levels of IAA and SA synthesis-related genes in P. haitanensis. These results help to systematically clarify that IAA acts as a negative regulatory factor in regulating plant resistance to environmental stresses except for high temperature, while SA plays the opposite role.
- Published
- 2019
5. Indo-US workshop : global climatic changes : photosynthesis & plant productivity, January 08-12, 1991, New Delhi : abstracts of papers /
- Author
-
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, United States. Department of Agriculture. Far Eastern Regional Research Office, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, and United States. Department of Agriculture. Far Eastern Regional Research Office
- Subjects
Congresses ,Photosynthesis ,Plant physiology ,Plants, Effect of climatic changes on - Published
- 1991
6. On the contribution of reclaimed wastewater irrigation to the potential exposure of humans to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes - NEREUS COST Action ES1403 position paper
- Author
-
Costas Michael, Stéphanie Sayen, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Benjamin Piña, Fabio Polesel, Josep M. Bayona, Anastasis Christou, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou, Emmanuel Guillon, University of Cyprus (UCY), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Reclaimed wastewater ,Irrigation ,Antibiotic resistance ,medicine.drug_class ,Plant physiology ,Antibiotics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,[CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,medicine ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,[CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Risk assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Wastewater treatment and reuse ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Pollution ,6. Clean water ,Biotechnology ,Wastewater ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Position paper ,Livestock ,business ,Antibiotic resistance genes - Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is becoming a worldwide threat due to the increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains. There is a general consensus about the potential implications of the use of antibiotics in livestock on the onset of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), mainly through meat consumption. However, the ever-increasing use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) in agriculture may also contribute significantly to the non-accounted exposure to antibiotics, ARB, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This position paper aims at evaluating the current knowledge concerning the occurrence of antibiotics, ARBs, and ARGs in edible parts of different common crops irrigated with RWW. We will discuss which regulations on the use of RWW may contribute to the minimization of the prevalence of these contaminants in crops, and provide recommendations on how to minimize the impact of these practices., The authors would like to acknowledge the COST Action ES1403 NEREUS “New and emerging challenges and opportunities in wastewater reuse”, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, www.cost.eu) for enabling the collaboration among the authors of the paper.
- Published
- 2020
7. Printed paper waste as an alternative growing medium component to produce Brassica seedlings under nursery conditions
- Author
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Nikolaos Tzortzakis, Panayiota Xylia, Gorkem Akinci, Antonios Chrysargyris, and Konstantinos Moustakas
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Stomatal conductance ,enzymes ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Brassica ,TJ807-830 ,antioxidant activity ,Brassica oleracea ,recycling ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy sources ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Antioxidant activity ,GE1-350 ,printed paper waste ,Recycling ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Chlorophyll fluorescence ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Agricultural Sciences ,Peat ,Sustainable agriculture ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Printed paper waste ,Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries ,biology.organism_classification ,Enzymes ,Environmental sciences ,sustainable agriculture ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Seedling ,Catalase ,peat ,biology.protein ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Significant quantities of paper waste (PW) have been accumulated in recent years and the reuse/recycling of PW is required due to environmental concerns. In the present study, printed PW was used as a peat (P) substitute in growing medium for the Brassica seedlings production, considering recycling, sustainable agriculture, and partly peat replacement. Seeds of cauliflower, broccoli, and cabbage were seeded in growing media made of 0&ndash, 10&ndash, 30&ndash, 50% PW. The addition of PW improved the growing media pH and mineral content, reduced the media aeration, and affected seed emergence. The PW decreased plant growth and the effects were more pronounced at 50% PW. The PW &ge, 30% decreased stomatal conductance, while chlorophyll fluorescence and content of chlorophylls decreased with high PW ratio, negatively affecting the plant physiology. The PW decreased plant sodium and iron and increased potassium, calcium, magnesium, and copper content. The PW increased antioxidant activity to a certain degree for cauliflower and cabbage and resulted in no change for broccoli, while polyphenols increased in cabbage seedlings. The addition of PW did not cause cellular damage as both lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production remained at low levels, maintaining low levels on the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) metabolism. The present study shows that low PW content can partially replace peat for Brassica seedling production under a sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly scheme.
- Published
- 2020
8. Leaf silicon accumulation rates in relation to light environment and shoot growth rates in paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, Moraceae)
- Author
-
Kaoru Kitajima and Hirofumi Kajino
- Subjects
Silicon ,biology ,fungi ,Paper mulberry ,food and beverages ,Growing season ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,Moraceae ,Plant ecology ,Plant Leaves ,Horticulture ,Shoot ,Morus ,Transpiration - Abstract
While increasing numbers of studies report wide variations of leaf silicon (Si) accumulation among plant species, within-species variations of leaf Si accumulation have scarcely been examined for tree species. As in crop plants, environmental factors that affect transpiration rates may influence passive transpiration-dependent transport of Si uptake in trees. Here, we tested a hypothesis that leaf Si accumulation rate should be higher in shoots that receive more light and thus achieve faster growth, using Broussonetia papyrifera, a pioneer tree species with successive leaf production and Si accumulation with leaf age. We marked individual leaves weekly throughout the growing season (June-September), and measured Si concentration and light availability in relation to the chronosequence of leaf age in September. In shoots that continued growing and successively produced leaves throughout the growing season, leaf Si content increased linearly with leaf age. In support of our hypothesis, leaf Si accumulation rate varied widely among shoots with positive correlations with shoot growth and light availability. In conclusion, both leaf age and microenvironment affect within-species variations in leaf Si concentration of this species, a moderate Si accumulator.
- Published
- 2021
9. The Effect of Some Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and Substrates on Chelidonium majus L. Seed Germination and Seedling Growth.
- Author
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Doycheva, Iva V.
- Subjects
HEAVY metals ,TOXICITY testing ,GERMINATION ,PLANT physiology ,CROP quality ,FILTER paper - Abstract
The increasing heavy metal presence in the environment affects plant growth and physiology, seed production and crop quality. Moreover, it could indirectly influence people's health and the quality of the environment. Chelidonium majus L. is an object of study in order to investigate its sensitivity to the toxic effects of heavy metals because of its growth in populated areas and common occurrence. The results of this study revealed that the heavy metal influence on seed germination and seedling growth depended on the type and concentration of the heavy metals and the type of the substrate they supplemented. The studied heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) did not inhibit the germination of the seeds on filter paper but retarded root and hypocotyl growth on this substrate, except Pb
2+ , which did not. On agar substrate the metals inhibited both the germination (excl. Pb2+ ) and seedling growth regardless of concentrations applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
10. Researchers at Institute of Botany Release New Data on Plant Biology [A Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) Provides New Insights Into Its Forage and Papermaking Usage]
- Subjects
Genetic research ,Physical fitness ,Plant physiology ,Chinese history ,Genomics ,Obesity ,Genomes ,Anopheles ,Inventions ,Health - Abstract
2019 JUN 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in Biology - Plant Biology. According to news [...]
- Published
- 2019
11. Reports and papers on botany.
- Author
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Ray Society, Grisebach, A. (August), 1814-1879, Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859, Hudson, John, Macdonald, William Bell, 1807-1862, Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872, Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm von, 1817-1891, Rusk, George, 1807-1886, Zuccarini, J. G. (Joseph Gerhard), 1797-1848, University of California Libraries (archive.org), Ray Society, Grisebach, A. (August), 1814-1879, Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859, Hudson, John, Macdonald, William Bell, 1807-1862, Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872, Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm von, 1817-1891, Rusk, George, 1807-1886, and Zuccarini, J. G. (Joseph Gerhard), 1797-1848
- Subjects
Botany ,Coniferophyta ,Palms ,Phytogeography ,Plant cells and tissues ,Plant physiology - Published
- 1846
12. A selection from the physiological and horticultural papers published in the Transactions of the Royal and Horticultural Societies, by the late Thomas Andrew Knight ... to which is prefixed, a sketch of his life.
- Author
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Knight, T. A. (Thomas Andrew), 1759-1838, University of California Libraries (archive.org), and Knight, T. A. (Thomas Andrew), 1759-1838
- Subjects
(Thomas Andrew) ,Horticulture ,Knight, T. A ,Plant physiology - Published
- 1841
13. Observations on the phenomena of plant life : a paper presented to the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture / by W.S. Clark.
- Author
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Clark, William Smith, 1826-1886, University of California Libraries (archive.org), and Clark, William Smith, 1826-1886
- Subjects
Plant physiology - Published
- 1875
14. Effects of iron and root zone pH on growth and physiological responses of paper birch (Betula papyrifera), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) seedlings in a split-root hydroponic system
- Author
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Feng Xu, Janusz J. Zwiazek, Xiangfeng Tan, and Wenqing Zhang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,2. Zero hunger ,Chlorosis ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Root system ,15. Life on land ,Hydroponics ,01 natural sciences ,6. Clean water ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,Chlorophyll ,Soil pH ,Iron deficiency (plant disorder) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Transpiration - Abstract
Iron deficiency that is induced by high soil pH is a major factor affecting plant growth in calcareous soils and in some areas that have been reclaimed following industrial activities. Since the effects of high soil pH commonly involve Fe deficiency, in this study, we examined whether Fe provided to part of the root system exposed to low pH would alleviate high pH stress in paper birch (Betula papyrifera), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) seedlings. The plants were grown in a controlled environment growth room in mineral nutrient solution at pH 5 and 9 and provided with either 0 or 40 µM Fe in a split-root system for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatments, plant dry weights, net photosynthesis, transpiration rates, root ferric-chelate reductase activity, and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were measured, and elemental analyses were carried out in young leaves. The results demonstrated high root zone pH affected Fe, P and Zn concentrations in young leaves. In the three considered species, plants with part of their root system exposed to pH 5 had higher dry weights, net photosynthesis, and transpiration rates compared with the plants with the whole root system immersed in pH 9 solution. High root zone pH reduced photosynthesis, transpiration rates, leaf chlorophyll concentrations and the uptake of Fe, P, and Zn in plants. Partial exposure of the root system to low pH and Fe supply reduced leaf chlorosis and partly alleviated the high pH stress in the studied plants by improving Fe uptake, but did not alleviate root growth reductions.
- Published
- 2019
15. $1,000 AAAS Award Given for Paper on Root Pressure
- Published
- 1938
16. Effects of decadal exposure to interacting elevated CO2 and/or O3 on paper birch (Betula papyrifera) reproduction.
- Author
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Darbah, Joseph N.T., Kubiske, Mark E., Nelson, Neil, Oksanen, Elina, Vapaavuori, Elina, and Karnosky, David F.
- Subjects
TREE reproduction ,PLANT physiology ,LIFE (Biology) ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Abstract: We studied the effects of long-term exposure (nine years) of birch (Betula papyrifera) trees to elevated CO
2 and/or O3 on reproduction and seedling development at the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) site in Rhinelander, WI. We found that elevated CO2 increased both the number of trees that flowered and the quantity of flowers (260% increase in male flower production), increased seed weight, germination rate, and seedling vigor. Elevated O3 also increased flowering but decreased seed weight and germination rate. In the combination treatment (elevated CO2 +O3 ) seed weight is decreased (20% reduction) while germination rate was unaffected. The evidence from this study indicates that elevated CO2 may have a largely positive impact on forest tree reproduction and regeneration while elevated O3 will likely have a negative impact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Screening for boron tolerance in wheat (T. aestivum) by solution culture in filter paper
- Author
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A. J. Rathjen, G. J. Hollamby, David J. Smith, Y. Chantachume, and Jeffrey G. Paull
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Filter paper ,Chemistry ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Dry weight ,Botany ,Shoot ,Poaceae ,Phytotoxicity ,Genetic variability ,Boron - Abstract
A new screening technique for tolerance to high concentrations of boron, namely a filter paper technique, and a soil experiment were compared to investigate the response of wheat genotypes known to differ in tolerance to high concentrations of boron. Under high boron concentrations in filter papers, the more tolerant genotypes had significantly longer roots than those of the more sensitive genotypes. There was no significant correlation between the root lengths at the control treatment and the other three boron treatments (50, 100, 150 mg B L-1). Thus, the differences in root lengths at the high boron treatments could not be attributed to inherent differences in root growth but to the genetic variation in response to high boron concentrations among varieties. Root lengths at the three boron treatments in filter papers were highly significantly correlated with the three characters determined for plants grown in soil containing high levels of boron, namely the concentrations of boron in the shoots, plant dry weight and plant symptoms, indicating that root length could be used as a selection criterion in a genetic study or breeding program for boron tolerance.
- Published
- 1995
18. Extração de pigmentos vegetais em aulas virtuais de fisiologia vegetal.
- Author
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da Silva SANTOS, Leonardo, Silva de SOUZA, Giselle, and Rocha BRITO, Dacio
- Subjects
PAPER chromatography ,VIRTUAL classrooms ,LIFE sciences ,PLANT physiology ,PLANT pigments - Abstract
Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The use of iron oxide-impregnated filter paper for the extraction of available phosphorus from Taiwan soils
- Author
-
Sheng-Bin Ho, Kun-Huang Houng, and Tzu-Huei Lin
- Subjects
Filter paper ,Phosphorus ,Inorganic chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Iron oxide ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,Plant physiology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Soil phosphorus ,Environmental science - Abstract
Procedures were established for the preparation of iron oxide-impregnated filter paper and for its use in the determination of plant-available soil phosphorus.
- Published
- 1991
20. On the contribution of reclaimed wastewater irrigation to the potential exposure of humans to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes – NEREUS COST Action ES1403 position paper.
- Author
-
Piña, Benjamin, Bayona, Josep M., Christou, Anastasis, Fatta-Kassinos, Despo, Guillon, Emmanuel, Lambropoulou, Dimitra, Michael, Costas, Polesel, Fabio, and Sayen, Stéphanie
- Subjects
DRUG resistance in bacteria ,ANTIBIOTICS ,IRRIGATION ,BACTERIA ,ANTIBIOTIC residues ,POLLUTANTS - Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is becoming a worldwide threat due to the increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains. There is a general consensus about the potential implications of the use of antibiotics in livestock on the onset of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), mainly through meat consumption. However, the ever-increasing use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) in agriculture may also contribute significantly to the non-accounted exposure to antibiotics, ARB, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This position paper aims at evaluating the current knowledge concerning the occurrence of antibiotics, ARBs, and ARGs in edible parts of different common crops irrigated with RWW. We will discuss which regulations on the use of RWW may contribute to the minimization of the prevalence of these contaminants in crops, and provide recommendations on how to minimize the impact of these practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Characterization of wound responses of stems of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and European white birch (Betula pendula)
- Author
-
P. F. Loess, Daniel A. Herms, Pierluigi Bonello, Vanessa L. Muilenburg, and P. L. Phelan
- Subjects
Agrilus ,Larva ,Ecology ,Physiology ,Plant physiology ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Interspecific competition ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,White (mutation) ,Proanthocyanidin ,Betula pendula ,Botany ,Bronze birch borer - Abstract
Plants respond to feeding injury by chewing insects by inducing both a general response to mechanical wounding and a specific response to herbivore-associated elicitors. In both cases, plant response involves complex biochemical and physiological changes. We compared chemical and physical responses of paper birch (B. papyrifera) and European white birch (B. pendula) stems to mechanical injury to determine if aspects of their wound response correspond with the much higher resistance of paper birch to bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius). We also characterized stem responses to mechanical wounding plus bronze birch borer larval homogenate to determine if larval cues elicited a more specific response than mechanical wounding alone. In both species, wounding decreased concentrations of individual phenolics, total phenolics, and condensed tannins, perhaps because they were diverted to lignin biosynthesis, the concentration of which increased. Nitrogen concentration increased in both species while free amino acid concentrations declined, perhaps because they were utilized to synthesize proteins. Application of larval homogenate did not elicit a response different from that induced by mechanical injury. When comparing wound responses of the two birch species, phenolic profiles differed most conspicuously. However, multivariate analyses revealed no differences between constitutive and wound-induced phenolic profiles within each species, and the rate of wound periderm growth was equivalent between species. These results suggest that components of the wound response we measured may not contribute to interspecific variation in bronze birch borer resistance of paper birch and European white birch.
- Published
- 2013
22. STUDIES ON THE TRANSPIRING POWER OF PLANTS AS INDICATED BY THE METHOD OF STANDARDIZED HYGROMETRIC PAPER.
- Author
-
Bakke, A. L.
- Subjects
PLANT transpiration ,EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ,PLANT physiology ,HYGROMETRY ,BLOTTING paper ,ABSORPTION of water in plants - Abstract
The article discusses studies which investigated the transpiring power of plants as indicated by the method of standardized hygrometric paper. It explains the idea of a standard evaporating surface, the power of which to give off water to the hygrometric cobalt chloride paper was compared directly with the similar power possessed by the leaf surface in question. The use of saturated blotting paper as standard evaporating surface to avoid some of the difficulties arising from the use of the free water surface is also described.
- Published
- 1914
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Résumés des communications.
- Subjects
PLANT diseases ,PLANT physiology ,FUNGICIDES ,ROOT diseases ,PYTHIUM ,AGRICULTURAL pests - Abstract
The article presents abstracts of certain research papers published related to plant diseases. In the research paper "Efficacy of PRO-MIX ® With Biofungicide Against Root Disease Caused by Pythium spp," the authors C. Martinez, G. Roy, and A. Bourassa, developed in the past few years peat-based growing media mended with a biocontrol agent, "Bacillus subtilis" MBI600. This strain was selected as the one showing the most efficient biofungicidal activity after screening. Additional research was conducted to evaluate more extensively the biofungicidal activity against Pythium spp., the causal agent of damping-off and root rot. The research paper "Evaluation of Alternative Control Strategies Against the Apple Replant Disease," evaluates the impact of different soil amendment combinations of canola seedmeal, soil fungicides, fumigation, a commercial mycorrhizal inoculant, and of four rotation crops on tree growth and to evaluate the contribution of nematodes to the disease complex under local conditions.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Dislocations in Norway spruce fibres and their effect on properties of pulp and paper.
- Author
-
Nasko Terziev, Geoffrey Daniel, and Ann Marklund
- Subjects
- *
NORWAY spruce , *PLANT physiology , *WOOD chemistry , *POSTHARVEST physiology of plant products , *RESEARCH methodology - Abstract
Wood “cell-wall deformation” is a comprehensive term describing any physical dislocation in the wall caused by mechanical forces. The development and effect of fibre dislocations on wood fibres, and their ultimate impact on the mechanical properties of paper remain rather obscure and controversial. Dislocations are difficult to quantify through a lack of defined measurable features, and research is aggravated by the inherent difficulties of applying statistical tools. A direct approach for studying the effect of dislocations on the mechanical properties of paper was used in this study. Dislocations in fibre cell walls were introduced by exposing whole wood fibres in mature and juvenile wood samples to compression stress. Sapwood samples of Norway spruce ( Picea abies Karst.) were loaded by compression to their ultimate strength using an Alwetron-50 universal testing machine. Failure of samples conditioned to a moisture content of 9–15% always occurred in an oblique (relative to the fibre axis) plane and all fibres in the plane were deformed. When samples were loaded in a wet condition (i.e., moisture content close to the fibre saturation point), failure occurred at one end of the samples, resulting in highly disorganised fibres. Pulp and paper from the compressed fibres were produced and the mechanical properties of the paper were tested. Results of the mechanical tests were compared statistically to results derived from paper made from matched non-compressed control samples. Morphological features of fibres and dislocations after compression failure were characterised using microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, polarised light) on the whole wood and macerated fibres before and after paper testing. The above experimental approach showed that paper made from control samples had significantly better mechanical properties than paper made from samples loaded by compression under dry or wet conditions. At a tensile index of 90 N m/g, the tear index was measured as 23.6 mN m 2 /g for controls, while the corresponding values for compressed wet wood samples was 12.6 and 16.3 mN m 2 /g for samples at 9–15% moisture content. Paper made from juvenile wood also showed lower mechanical properties compared to controls. The results prove the negative effect of dislocations on the mechanical properties of paper in the worst case scenario and are of practical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Depth-dependency of trembling aspen and paper birch small-root responses to <tex>eCO_{2}$</tex> and <tex>eO_{3}$</tex>
- Author
-
Lee Rhea and John S. King
- Subjects
Biomass (ecology) ,Ecology ,Soil Science ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Trembling aspen ,Soil water ,Carbon dioxide ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem ,Growth stimulation ,Cycling ,Biology - Abstract
Projected changes in the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and tropospheric O-3 over the next 50 years are of significant concern due to the linkages in the cycling of carbon and water in forested ecosystems. Responses of tree roots to elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) and O-3 (eO(3)) have been characterized primarily by studies of relatively shallow roots, yet deeper roots often play a disproportionately large role in water acquisition relative to their biomass. We undertook the present study to determine if there were significant root responses to eCO(2) and eO(3) below the maximum soil depths typically studied. In the current study, we characterized small root biomass and morphometric responses to eCO(2) and eO(3) at the Aspen-FACE Experiment in Rhinelander, Wisconsin down to a depth of one meter. Elevated CO2 caused relatively undifferentiated growth stimulation. Elevated O-3 stimulated root growth in the AA community at depth, while in the AB community there was a reduction in root growth in the shallow soil layer that was reversed in the deeper layers. Root responses below depths typically studied were qualitatively similar than those within shallower soils for eCO(2), but were sometimes compensatory for eO(3).
- Published
- 2012
26. New Plant Biology Findings from University of Alberta Described [Effects of root medium pH on root water transport and apoplastic pH in red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) seedlings]
- Subjects
Plant physiology ,Biological sciences ,Health ,University of Alberta - Abstract
2016 NOV 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- Investigators discuss new findings in Life Science Research. According to news reporting from Edmonton, [...]
- Published
- 2016
27. Highly cited a Arabidopsis papers published in plant physiology
- Author
-
Minorsky, Peter V.
- Subjects
Arabidopsis ,Plant physiology ,Phanerogams ,Biological sciences ,Science and technology - Published
- 2003
28. RESEARCH PAPER:The BLUF-EAL protein YcgF acts as a direct anti-repressor in a blue-light response of Escherichia coli.
- Author
-
Tschowri, Natalia, Busse, Susan, and Hengge, Regine
- Subjects
- *
ESCHERICHIA coli , *PLANT physiology , *GENE expression , *BIOFILMS , *MICROBIAL proteins , *NUCLEIC acids - Abstract
The blue light using FAD (BLUF)-EAL protein YcgF is a known blue-light sensor of Escherichia coli, but its direct regulatory output and physiological function have remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that unlike other EAL domain proteins, YcgF does not degrade the signaling molecule c-di-GMP, but directly binds to and releases the MerR-like repressor YcgE from its operator DNA upon blue-light irradiation. As a consequence, a distinct regulon of eight small proteins (of 71-126 amino acids) is strongly induced. These include YmgA and YmgB, which, via the RcsC/RcsD/RcsB two-component phosphorelay system, activate production of the biofilm matrix substance colanic acid as well as acid resistance genes and the biofilm-associated bdm gene and down-regulate adhesive curli fimbriae. Thus, small proteins under YcgF/YcgE control seem to act as "connectors" that provide additional signal input into a two-component signaling pathway. Moreover, we found ycgF and ycgE expression to be strongly activated at low temperature, and we elucidate how blue light, cold, and starvation signals are integrated in the expression and activity of the YcgF/YcgE/small protein signaling pathway. In conclusion, this pathway may modulate biofilm formation via the two-component network when E. coli has to survive in an extrahost aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Is a physiological perspective relevant in a ‘genocentric’ age?* This paper was presented by invitation at the 2005 Kriton Hatzios Symposium of the Southern Section of the American Society of Plant Biologists. Florida Agricultural Experimental, ...
- Author
-
Sinclair, Thomas R. and Purcell, Larry C.
- Subjects
- *
PLANT physiology , *BOTANISTS , *REJUVENESCENCE (Botany) , *DEVELOPMENTAL biology , *PLANT performance , *AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
Currently, the major thrust of plant physiology research is to identify and understand the regulation of genes that might be relevant in plant development and growth. The dominance of a genocentric view of plant behaviour has, unfortunately, resulted in the development of major disconnects in the classical view of plant physiology as a partnership between fundamental and practical research contributing to improved plant production. One disconnect is that much of the genocentric research appears to be organized and executed without regard to the practical needs of enhancing plant performance under applied conditions. Although practical benefits from genocentric research are often claimed, basic assumptions guiding much research and the experimental protocols used are commonly not relevant for real-world plant production. A second disconnect is a failure fully to appreciate the lessons learned in 40 years of classical plant physiology research concerning the role of physiological processes in altering whole plant performance. Regulation of plant systems has proved to be complex and redundant. Alteration of a single physiological process is compensated or dampened so that commonly very little change in plant growth and yield results from modification of a single physiological process. Based on a few successful projects employing classical plant physiology to achieve crop yield increase, key characteristics for research projects that truly seek to increase plant performance in production systems are identified. Basically, the partnership between the fundamental and practical research long espoused for plant physiology needs to be re-established in an intimate and meaningful way. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. RESEARCH PAPER Assessment method for allelopathic effect from leaf litter leachates.
- Author
-
Fujii, Yoshiharu, Shibuya, Tomoko, Nakatani, Keiko, Itani, Tomio, Hiradate, Syuntaro, and Parvez, Mohammad M.
- Subjects
- *
ALLELOPATHY , *ALLELOPATHIC agents , *PLANT growth inhibiting substances , *BACTERIAL leaching , *LEACHATE , *PLANT physiology , *PLANT ecology - Abstract
In order to elucidate the allelopathic effect of leaf litter leachates under laboratory conditions, a modified ‘sandwich method’, which places leaves between two layers of agar, was used. Fifty mg of leaves was used per 10 cm2 cell. Agar concentrations at 0.5–1.0% were the best for gel support in determining radicle and hypocotyl elongation of lettuce. The optimum incubation time for bioassay was three days after imbibition onset. Among 20 typical tree species in Asia, Cymbopogon citratus and Derris scandens showed the strongest inhibitory activity determined by the sandwich method, followed by Piper betle, Tamarindus indica, and Gliricidia sepium. This bioassay seems to be a reliable method for screening allelopathic activity from leaf litter leachates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent on the seed germination of cowpea (Vigna sinensis).
- Author
-
Singh, Priti, Upadhyay, R. K., Upadhyay, Pratima, and Agrawal, S. R.
- Subjects
GERMINATION ,PLANT embryology ,PLANT physiology ,PULP mills ,PAPER mills - Abstract
In this communication, the results of seed germination inhibitory activity of pulp and paper mill effluent of Faizabad has been evaluated on the basis of experiments conducted under standard laboratory conditions during the year 2005-2006 in the Botany Department of K. S. Saket PG) College, Ayodhya, Faizabad (U.P.), India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
32. From Omics Analysis toward Physiological Mechanism Research in Plants.
- Author
-
Lu, Yan, Meng, Sen, and Luo, Jie
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGY ,ROOTING of plant cuttings ,GENETIC transcription regulation ,GENE expression ,PLANT physiology ,METABOLOMICS - Abstract
This document discusses the use of omics analysis, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, in plant research to uncover the physiological mechanisms of plant development, stress responses, and key trait formation. The document includes ten papers that cover topics such as hormone effects on cutting rooting in woody plants, gene expression in sandalwood and maize, volatile aroma formation in pears, and the transcriptional regulation of miRNAs in plants. The research papers highlight the importance of combining omics and physiological analyses to enhance plant conservation and utilization. Two review papers provide an overview of phosphate-binding loop guanosine triphosphatases (P-loop GTPases) and the transcriptional regulation of miRNAs in plants. The authors emphasize the need for further research using innovative omics techniques to expand our knowledge of plant physiology. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Seasonal patterns of foliar reflectance in relation to photosynthetic capacity and color index in two co-occurring tree species, Quercus rubra and Betula papyrifera
- Author
-
Dillen, Sophie Y., de Beeck, Maarten Op, Hufkens, Koen, Buonanduci, Michele, and Phillips, Nathan G.
- Subjects
- *
RED oak , *PAPER birch , *CLIMATE change , *PHOTOSYNTHESIS , *PLANT species , *PLANT physiology , *PLANT pigments , *PLANT growth , *REMOTE sensing - Abstract
Abstract: Although foliar reflectance in the visible wavelengths is largely understood, species-specific relations between leaf spectral properties, pigment content and carbon exchange, and interdependence of these fundamental drivers that ultimately produce large-scale signals complicate understanding of and upscaling in remote sensing applications. We recorded seasonal patterns in foliar reflectance in relation to leaf photosynthetic, biochemical, structural and optical properties in two co-occurring tree species, red oak (Quercus rubra) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Over the course of a growing season, we monitored the timing of phenological events, i.e. bud break, near-complete leaf expansion and leaf fall, on mature trees. On a monthly basis, maximum rate of carboxylation (V cmax) and maximum rate of electron transport (J max) were estimated from leaf-level gas exchange measurements in the upper crown for three individuals per species. Thereafter, visible and near infrared spectral properties, nitrogen content and specific leaf area were determined for sampled sunlit leaves. These data were compared with color indices extracted from digital images of sampled leaves throughout the growing season. Studied leaf traits significantly varied between the two species and throughout the growing season. Paper birch was characterized by relatively early bud break and rapid leaf expansion. Hence, interactions between species and day of year could be partly contributed to contrasting spring phenology of paper birch and red oak. Spectral vegetation indices, Chlorophyll Normalized Difference Index (Chl NDI), Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and in particular Red Edge Position (λRE), gave a good indication of leaf physiology over the course of the growing season, more specifically of photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen on an area basis (N area). On the other hand, color indices performed rather poorly at tracking key leaf functional traits in this study. Overall, dark green leaves characterized by low Intensity (I, derived from HSI color space) displayed highest photosynthetic activity and highest values of spectral vegetation indices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Uncovering the Mechanisms: The Role of Biotrophic Fungi in Activating or Suppressing Plant Defense Responses.
- Author
-
Leiva-Mora, Michel, Capdesuñer, Yanelis, Villalobos-Olivera, Ariel, Moya-Jiménez, Roberto, Saa, Luis Rodrigo, and Martínez-Montero, Marcos Edel
- Subjects
PLANT defenses ,PLANT diseases ,PLANT physiology ,RECEPTOR-like kinases ,HOST plants - Abstract
This paper discusses the mechanisms by which fungi manipulate plant physiology and suppress plant defense responses by producing effectors that can target various host proteins. Effector-triggered immunity and effector-triggered susceptibility are pivotal elements in the complex molecular dialogue underlying plant–pathogen interactions. Pathogen-produced effector molecules possess the ability to mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns or hinder the binding of pattern recognition receptors. Effectors can directly target nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat receptors, or manipulate downstream signaling components to suppress plant defense. Interactions between these effectors and receptor-like kinases in host plants are critical in this process. Biotrophic fungi adeptly exploit the signaling networks of key plant hormones, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene, to establish a compatible interaction with their plant hosts. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of understanding the complex interplay between plant defense mechanisms and fungal effectors to develop effective strategies for plant disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Response to Nickel Stress in White Birch (Betula papyrifera).
- Author
-
Theriault, Gabriel, Michael, Paul, and Nkongolo, Kabwe
- Subjects
- *
PAPER birch , *EFFECT of heavy metals on plants , *NICKEL , *PLANT species , *TAIGAS , *BIOAVAILABILITY - Abstract
White birch (Betula papyrifera) is a dominant tree species of the Boreal Forest. Recent studies have shown that it is fairly resistant to heavy metal contamination, specifically to nickel. Knowledge of regulation of genes associated with metal resistance in higher plants is very sketchy. Availability and annotation of the dwarf birch (B. nana) enables the use of high throughout sequencing approaches to understanding responses to environmental challenges in other Betula species such as B. papyrifera. The main objectives of this study are to 1) develop and characterize the B. papyrifera transcriptome, 2) assess gene expression dynamics of B. papyrifera in response to nickel stress, and 3) describe gene function based on ontology. Nickel resistant and susceptible genotypes were selected and used for transcriptome analysis. A total of 208,058 trinity genes were identified and were assembled to 275,545 total trinity transcripts. The transcripts were mapped to protein sequences and based on best match; we annotated the B. papyrifera genes and assigned gene ontology. In total, 215,700 transcripts were annotated and were compared to the published B. nana genome. Overall, a genomic match for 61% transcripts with the reference genome was found. Expression profiles were generated and 62,587 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the nickel resistant, susceptible, and untreated libraries. The main nickel resistance mechanism in B. papyrifera is a downregulation of genes associated with translation (in ribosome), binding, and transporter activities. Five candidate genes associated to nickel resistance were identified. They include Glutathione S–transferase, thioredoxin family protein, putative transmembrane protein and two Nramp transporters. These genes could be useful for genetic engineering of birch trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Call for papers: Plant physiology special grass issue, March 2001
- Author
-
Susan Wesler and Chandler Vicki
- Subjects
business.industry ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Biology ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2000
37. Identification of phenylacetic acid as a natural auxin in the shoots of higher plants.
- Author
-
Wightman, Frank and Lighty, Douglas L.
- Subjects
PHENYLACETIC acid ,CROPS ,AUXIN ,PLANT hormones ,PLANT physiology ,PAPER chromatography - Abstract
Evidence indicating the natural occurrence of the auxin substance, phenylacetic acid (PAA), in a range of crop plants has been obtained from paper chromatography followed by bioassay and from HPLC and GLC analysis of acidic ether extracts from vegetative shoots of these plants. Confirmatory evidence for the presence of PAA in tobacco shoots has been obtained from GC-MS analysis. Quantitative estimation of the relative amounts of the two auxins, IAA and PAA, in the different shoot extracts was achieved by paper chromatography followed by gas chromatography. The amount of PAA in all six plants was found to be several times greater than that of IAA and calculation of average internal concentrations revealed that PAA is present in vegetative shoots at physiologically active concentrations. Present knowledge of the growth-regulating activity of this new natural auxin is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. THE DAILY MARCH OF TRANSPIRING POWER AS INDICATED BY THE POROMETER AND BY STANDARDIZED HYGROMETRIC PAPER.
- Author
-
Trelease, Sam F. and Livingston, Burton E.
- Subjects
FOLIAR diagnosis ,LEAF development ,PLANT transpiration ,PLANT physiology ,PLANT anatomy ,BOTANICAL research - Abstract
This article focuses on determining foliar characteristics and the transpiring power of plant leaves. It stresses that transpiring power represents the summed total of all the conditions inside the leaf that either accelerate or retard transpiration. This paper aimed to measure the transpiring power of leaves at different hours of the day by means of standardized cobalt chloride paper and to compare the values obtained with those derived from porometer readings. This article also discusses the hygrometric paper method.
- Published
- 1916
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Symphonies of Growth: Unveiling the Impact of Sound Waves on Plant Physiology and Productivity.
- Author
-
Pagano, Mario and Del Prete, Sonia
- Subjects
SOUND waves ,PLANT physiology ,PLANT productivity ,SOUND pressure ,LITERATURE reviews ,DROUGHT tolerance ,RICE straw ,PLANT stems - Abstract
Simple Summary: The use of sound wave technology on different plant species has revealed that variations in the Hz, sound pressure intensity, treatment time, and type of setup of the sound source significantly impact the plant performance. For example, a study conducted on cotton plants treated by Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (PAFT) highlighted improvements across various growth parameters. In particular, the treated samples showed increases in the height, leaf area, and number of boll-bearing branches, as well as other plant anatomical parts. In other cases, such as in transgenic rice plants, GUS expression was upregulated or downregulated concerning the Hz employed. This paper presents a complete, rationalized and updated review of the literature on the effects of sound waves on the physiology and growth parameters of sound-treated plants. The application of sound wave technology to different plant species has revealed that variations in the Hz, sound pressure intensity, treatment duration, and type of setup of the sound source significantly impact the plant performance. A study conducted on cotton plants treated with Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (PAFT) highlighted improvements across various growth metrics. In particular, the treated samples showed increases in the height, size of the fourth expanded leaf from the final one, count of branches carrying bolls, quantity of bolls, and weight of individual bolls. Another study showed how the impact of a 4 kHz sound stimulus positively promoted plant drought tolerance. In other cases, such as in transgenic rice plants, GUS expression was upregulated at 250 Hz but downregulated at 50 Hz. In the same way, sound frequencies have been found to enhance the osmotic potential, with the highest observed in samples treated with frequencies of 0.5 and 0.8 kHz compared to the control. Furthermore, a sound treatment with a frequency of 0.4 kHz and a sound pressure level (SPL) of 106 dB significantly increased the paddy rice germination index, as evidenced by an increase in the stem height and relative fresh weight. This paper presents a complete, rationalized and updated review of the literature on the effects of sound waves on the physiology and growth parameters of sound-treated plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Climate Change and Citriculture: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
-
Rasera, Júlia Boscariol, da Silva, Roberto Fray, Mourão Filho, Francisco de Assis Alves, Delbem, Alexandre Cláudio Botazzo, Saraiva, Antonio Mauro, Sentelhas, Paulo Cesar, and Marques, Patricia Angélica Alves
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,WATER shortages ,WATER use ,WATER management ,PLANT physiology ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Citrus are the most produced fruits worldwide. It is expected that these crops will be severely affected by climate change. However, the literature lacks works that attempt to understand the influence of climate change on citrus. For this reason, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on climate change and citrus to investigate its development and current trends in this research domain. The main trends, keywords, and their relations were identified. The period from 1992 to 2022 was analyzed, resulting in 178 documents in the Scopus database. The most significant publishers' countries were also the largest citrus producers in the world besides being G7 members. Three main research areas were identified: modeling, socio-political issues, and plant physiology. A tendency to change interest from modeling and risk analysis to physiology and stress studies was observed. Additionally, some of the most cited papers observed the positive impacts of climate change on certain citrus crops. Despite the multidisciplinary publications, two main gaps were identified: (i) the lack of investigations with combined stresses (abiotic and biotic) instead of isolated studies, and (ii) the lack of studies of predictive models for citrus production in different conditions and climate change scenarios. Finally, there was a tendency toward studying water use and irrigation alternatives due to water scarcity and management solutions to improve the production system's resilience, considering the potential impacts of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Traditional Vegetables from Southern Chile as Potential Sources of Natural Ingredients
- Author
-
Mauricio Opazo-Navarrete, Tamara Barahona, César Burgos-Díaz, Yohanna Mosi-Roa, Braulio Soto-Cerda, and Fresia Anguita-Barrales
- Subjects
Nutritional value ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ascorbic Acid ,Antioxidants ,Vegetables ,Food science ,Chile ,Carotenoid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Original Paper ,Minerals ,Pesticide residues ,biology ,Pesticide residue ,Phosphorus ,Plant physiology ,food and beverages ,Vitamins ,Ascorbic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,Carotenoids ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Polyphenol ,Spinach ,Nutritive Value ,Niacin ,Food Science - Abstract
There is an increasing interest in consuming healthy foods motivated by the need of boosting the immune system naturally. In this sense, vegetables rich in bioactive compounds are a clear example of “superfoods” that promotes overall health and strengthen the immune response. Therefore, in this study eight traditional vegetables usually produced in southern Chile (pea, corn, carrot, leek, spinach, chard, coriander and parsley) were characterized in terms of their nutritional composition to evaluate their potential as lyophilized natural ingredients. Thus, chemical composition, amino acid profile, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and pesticide residues were evaluated. Green leafy vegetables resulted to be an excellent source of proteins and dietary fibers as well as vitamins (ascorbic acid, choline, alpha-tocopherol and niacin), minerals (calcium, phosphorus and iron), carotenoids and polyphenols. Among the eight vegetables assessed spinach exhibited the more balanced nutritional profile. Moreover, 332 pesticide residues were analysed and only six were detected in a low concentration. Due to their nutritional properties, the present results suggest that vegetables produced in southern Chile could be considered as promising alternatives to develop natural food ingredients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11130-021-00935-2.
- Published
- 2021
42. Paper chromatographic survey of anthocyanins in leguminosae
- Author
-
Mannen Shibata and Nariyuki Ishikura
- Subjects
Peonidin ,Chromatography ,Cyanidin ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Malvidin ,Pelargonidin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Petunidin ,Botany ,Petal ,Delphinidin - Abstract
Three different anthocyanins were shown to be contained in the dull purple flowers ofMucuna sempervirens Hemsl. (Japanese nameAira-tobikazura). They were identified as the 3-monoglucosides of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin, respectively, by means of paper chromatographic and spectral analyses, and present in the ratio about 1:5:4 in the petals.
- Published
- 1973
43. Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in the Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Obtained in Different Cultivation Systems.
- Author
-
David, Ivona
- Subjects
RADISHES ,PLANT biomass ,PLANT physiology ,NUTRITIONAL value ,HYPOCOTYLS - Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained from the analysis of physiological and biochemical parameters in the radish, species Raphanus sativus L., variety Rond Ecarlate, which was grown in three different systems (in the field, in the solarium and in the climate chamber). Several parameters necessary for the evaluation of biomass, physiological processes and nutritional values were determined. Regarding the biometric parameters, it was noticed that in the field cultivation the plants formed 11-12 leaves, in the solarium average 12-13 leaves, and in the climatic chamber the analyzed plants formed 7-9 leaves, on an average. The total biomass of the plant was recorded with the following average values: in the field 70.05 grams, in the solarium 92.3 grams and in the climate chamber 32.9 grams. Regarding the circumference of the tuberous hypocotyl axis, the values are higher in plants grown in solarium (16.9 cm), with the smallest dimensions being recorded in plants grown in the climate chamber (7.2 cm). The highest average pulp firmness value was observed in plants grown in the solarium (0.27 kg force), and the lowest values were seen in plants grown in the climate chamber (0.14 kg force). Regarding the amount of water lost through perspiration by the leaves of radish plants, the highest average values were recorded at plants grown in the solarium, and the lowest at plants grown in the climatic chamber. The average soluble dry matter content was higher (over 4%) in plants grown in the climate chamber compared to other harvesting systems. The analysis of the average carbohydrate content shows that the total soluble carbohydrates were present only in the hypocotyl axis and glucose was found both in the hypocotyl axis of the studied plants and in the leaves. Vitamin C was present in variable amounts, both in the hypocotyl axis and in the leaves. The average amino acid content (expressed in amino nitrogen) was between 0.003% and 0.006%. The anthocyanin was present with highest values (54.5 mg) in field-grown plants, and catalase activity was present both in the hypocotyl axis and in the leaves and roots. Air humidity and temperature had a high influence on the development of plant biomass, on the content of dry matter and on the loss of water through transpiration. The biometric, physiological and biochemical parameters varied depending on the cultivation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Effects of secondary metabolites from balsam poplar and paper birch on cellulose digestion
- Author
-
Renecker, Lyle A., Risenhoover, Kenneth L., and Morgantini, Luigi E.
- Published
- 1985
45. The rice-paper plant—Tetrapanax papyriferum (Hook.) Koch
- Author
-
Charles J. Kraebel and Robert E. Perdue
- Subjects
Plant ecology ,Geography ,Tetrapanax ,Hook ,biology ,Botany ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 1961
46. Bark paper and witchcraft in indian mexico
- Author
-
Bodil Christensen
- Subjects
Plant ecology ,Economic botany ,Geography ,visual_art ,Sugar cane ,Botany ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Plant physiology ,Bark ,Plant Science ,Horticulture - Published
- 1963
47. Establishing the twig method for investigations on pollen characteristics of allergenic tree species
- Author
-
Annette Menzel, Feng Zhao, and Stephan Jung
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Atmospheric Science ,Irrigation ,Allergy ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Climate change ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Alder ,Trees ,Twig ,03 medical and health sciences ,Corylus ,Pollen ,medicine ,Betula ,030304 developmental biology ,Original Paper ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Plant physiology ,Allergens ,Twig experiment ,biology.organism_classification ,ddc ,Horticulture ,Climate Change ,Twig Experiment ,Environmental science ,Tree species ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The twig method in climate chambers has been shown to successfully work as a proxy for outdoor manipulations in various experimental setups. This study was conducted to further establish this method for the investigation of allergenic pollen from tree species (hazel, alder, and birch). Direct comparison under outdoor conditions revealed that the cut twigs compared to donor trees were similar in the timing of flowering and the amount of pollen produced. Cut twigs were able to flower in climate chambers and produced a sufficient amount of pollen for subsequent laboratory analysis. The addition of different plant or tissue fertilizers in the irrigation of the twigs did not have any influence; rather, the regular exchange of water and the usage of fungicide were sufficient for reaching the stage of flowering. In the experimental setup, the twigs were cut in different intervals before the actual flowering and were put under warming conditions in the climate chamber. An impact of warming on the timing of flowering/pollen characteristics could be seen for the investigated species. Therefore, the twig method is well applicable for experimental settings in pollen research simulating, e.g., accelerated warming under climate change.
- Published
- 2021
48. Taking off the training wheels: the properties of a dynamic vegetation model without climate envelopes.
- Author
-
Fisher, R. A., Muszala, S., Verteinstein, M., Lawrence, P., Xu, C., McDowell, N. G., Knox, R. G., Koven, C., Holm, J., Rogers, B. M., Lawrence, D., and Bonan, G.
- Subjects
ECOLOGICAL integrity ,PLANT physiology ,ECOSYSTEMS ,LAND surface temperature ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature - Abstract
We describe an implementation of the Ecosystem Demography (ED) concept in the Community Land Model. The structure of CLM(ED) and the physiological and structural modifications applied to the CLM are presented. A major motivation of this development is to allow the prediction of biome boundaries directly from plant physiological traits via their competitive interactions. Here we investigate the performance of the model for an example biome boundary in Eastern North America. We explore the sensitivity of the predicted biome boundaries and ecosystem properties to the variation of leaf properties determined by the parameter space defined by the GLOPNET global leaf trait database. Further, we investigate the impact of four sequential alterations to the structural assumptions in the model governing the relative carbon economy of deciduous and evergreen plants. The default assumption is that the costs and benefits of deciduous vs. evergreen leaf strategies, in terms of carbon assimilation and expenditure, can reproduce the geographical structure of biome boundaries and ecosystem functioning. We find some support for this assumption, but only under particular combinations of model traits and structural assumptions. Many questions remain regarding the preferred methods for deployment of plant trait information in land surface models. In some cases, plant traits might best be closely linked with each other, but we also find support for direct linkages to environmental conditions. We advocate for intensified study of the costs and benefits of plant life history strategies in different environments, and for the increased use of parametric and structural ensembles in the development and analysis of complex vegetation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. SITES OF EXUDATION OF 14C-LABELLED COMPOUNDS FROM WHEAT ROOTS.
- Author
-
McDougall, Barbara M. and Rovira, A. D.
- Subjects
EXUDATION (Botany) ,WHEAT ,RHIZOSPHERE ,PLANT physiology ,AUTORADIOGRAPHY ,CARBON isotopes - Abstract
The combination of autoradiography and a filter paper 'sandwich' technique using wheat plants labelled with [SUP14]C has shown that roots of wheat exude two types of compounds, viz. (a) non-diffusible material released from the apices of both primary and lateral roots and (b) diffusible material released along the whole length of the roots. The high amount of non-diffusible material compared with diffusible material suggests that the former may be more significant than previously anticipated in relation to root functions and microorganisms in the rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Growth responses of 20 boreal forest species to oil sands non‐segregating tailings: significance for reclamation.
- Author
-
Zhang, Wen‐Qing, Fleurial, Killian, Moawad, Michelle, Vassov, Robert, Macdonald, S. Ellen, and Zwiazek, Janusz J.
- Subjects
OIL sands ,TAIGAS ,POLYVINYL chloride pipe ,WHITE spruce ,JACK pine ,WOODY plants ,RASPBERRIES - Abstract
Oil sands mining in northeastern Alberta, Canada, generates tailings containing sand, silt, clay, water, and residual bitumen with hydrocarbons. The impact of tailings on revegetation is a major environmental concern and poses a significant land reclamation challenge. Oil sands companies have recently developed technologies that use thickeners in combination with carbon dioxide to produce non‐segregating tailings (NST), to accelerate the consolidation of tailings while sequestering greenhouse gases. Effects of these tailings on plant re‐establishment have yet to be determined. We investigated the impact of NST on biomass and physiology of 20 boreal woody plant species grown in environmentally controlled growth rooms. The seedlings were grown for 8 weeks in NST capped with boreal forest topsoil or peat‐mineral soil mix or petroleum coke in 50‐cm‐long polyvinyl chloride pipes. We found that the biomass of balsam fir, beaked hazelnut, blueberry, green alder, Labrador tea, lowbush cranberry, paper birch, and raspberry was severely reduced by NST, while the effects on balsam poplar, Bebb's willow, chokecherry, dogwood, saskatoon, and white spruce were relatively weak. This was also the case for jack pine, which showed poor survival in NST. The negative impact of NST on plants can be largely explained by elevated sodium and decreased foliar nutrient concentrations. The impact of NST capping with petroleum coke on plant growth was non‐significant. Differences among species in their survival and biomass responses to NST appeared to be partly a reflection of their natural habitats. Findings from this study can help guide revegetation oil sands reclamation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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