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Plants of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl are a viable option to generate environmental, social and economic benefits. However, there are problems in the propagation via organogenesis of this species such as the low in vitro multiplication coefficient, which limits its propagation. The research was aimed to determine the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and the immersion time on the multiplication, morphophysiology and biochemistry of B. vulgaris shoots in temporary immersion systems. Morphophysiological and biochemical variables were evaluated in shoots grown at different BAP concentrations (0; 6.6; 13.2 and 26.4) at immersion times of one, two or three minutes, for 30 days of cultivation. In those systems, the lower concentration of BAP (6.6 µM) and immersion time of two minutes favored the emission of new shoots. It was associated with an increase in the content of total chlorophylls, lignin and total phenols in shoots. Based on these results, a protocol was established for the propagation via organogenesis of B. vulgaris plants in Temporary Immersion Systems, with a high emission of new shoots in vitro, which can be applied to other bamboo species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acclimatization is a phase of in vitro plants propagation which influences the efficiency of plant regeneration protocols. It is necessary to define the characteristics of a quality plant material to improve acclimatization of Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris plants cultured in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the characteristics of B. vulgaris var. vulgaris in vitro plants in the acclimatization phase. Then, the influence of the growth development of in vitro plants was considered for their survival during acclimatization. Height and the number of buds and roots per plant were measured after 30 days of planting. Among all the variables, plants height influenced their acclimatization in the greenhouse. Survival rate was significantly different between treatments with plants smaller than 3.0 cm and treatments with plants higher than 3.0 cm. Similar response was obtained after 30 days in the quantification of the number of roots and buds emitted per plant, regardless the presence of roots when planting. Taking into account the results we conclude that the height of the B. vulgaris in vitro plants was the morphological characteristic with major influence in the survival and development of plants during the acclimatization phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Bambusa represents one of the largest renewable natural resources. Due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties, resistance to insect attacks, beauty and diversity of applications it is a valuable economic alternative that has helped to mitigate the social problems of the countryside in Cuba. Traditional bamboo propagation is affected by long intervals of flowering, the limited stock of plant material, the low percentages of rooting and the limited existence of propagules. These elements are handicaps for mass propagation of bamboos. For these reasons, tissue culture techniques are fast and reliable for the propagation of bamboo through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. However, there is still a gap in the various constraints affecting in vitro propagation of bamboos such as microbial contamination in the establishment phase, low multiplication rates and rooting, as well as low rates of ex vitro survival. The aim of this study was to state generally the main scientific observations on the use of tissue culture techniques for in vitro propagation of several bamboo species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl. is a bamboo species of great economic importance. Developing protocols for propagation via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis would be an efficient alternative to propagate this species since it adapts well to the soil and climatic conditions of Cuba. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of different concentrations of 6-BAP (1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg·l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1.0 mg·l-1) on B. vulgaris in vitro multiplication. Number of shoots and leaves per explant were quantified. Also, height of plants was measured on the twentieth day of culture. Multiplication of Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris in liquid culture medium with BAP was achieved. Combination of BAP and NAA in the culture medium was not effective for this purpose. The result solves one of the main limitations to use biotechnology techniques on this crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus strictus (Rosb.) Nees is necessary. This type of plant is very important for the manufacture of furniture, construction of fences and buildings, for the paper industry, manufacturing of agricultural and musical instruments, elaboration of drugs, to provide their leaves as fodder for livestock, and reforestation. The development of protocols for regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is an efficient alternative to propagate this species. Cuba conditions are suited for this purpose. The effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg·l-1) and kinetin (0.5, 1.0 mg·l-1) was determined in order to form calluses in vitro from seeds of D. strictus. Results showed that in vitro callus formation from seeds of Dendrocalamus strictus (Rosb.) Nees treatment was achieved using 2,4-D and kinetin at a concentration of 1.0 mg·l-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micropropagation is a viable alternative for bamboo propagation due to the potentialities this type of plant has for building, handicrafts confection and soil protection. The technique is an efficient alternative to plant propagation with a high genetic value and quality. The current research was developed focused on the in vitro establishing of axillary buds of Bambusa vulgaris var. Vittata. Three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%) and three different times (10, 15, 20 minutes) were used for disinfection of axillary buds. The highest rates of established buds were achieved using sodium hypochlorite to 2.0% during 20 minutes for disinfection. Between 86% and 100% buds sprouted, and a 93.7% of explants free of visible microbial contaminants were obtained from axillary buds introduced to in vitro conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboos are unique in bringing together a wide range of environmental services. The present work was conducted to determine the effect of immersion frequency of shoot multiplication of B. vulgaris grown in SIT. Three Immersion frequencies (every 4, 6 and 12 hours) were studied. The plant height was measured and the number of shoots per explant and the number of expanded leaves per explant were quantified. Furthermore, the water content was determined in the explants. It was found that the immersion frequency influenced the in vitro multiplication of B. vulgaris. The results showed that the number of shoots (6.5 shoots/explant) and the number of leaves per explant (11.0 leaves / explant) were higher with immersion every six hours. The lowest values for all variables were found in explants cultured with immersion every 12 h. In this treatment water content in the explants was higher. The results indicated that with the management of the immersion frequency it can encourage the multiplication of B. vulgaris in SIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to report, for first time, the presence of Ochrobactrum anthropi as contaminant of in vitro cell and tissue culture of sugarcane. Bacteria contaminant of in vitro plants were isolated directly from visibly contaminated plant culture on Tryptone soy agar medium and some drops of sugarcane cell suspension contaminated were inoculated on tubes with 3ml of Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB). Isolated bacteria were examined microscopically (shape, motility) and some biochemical test (Gram's stain (Hucker's modification), oxidase, catalase, O/F (oxidation/fermentation), were performed. Additional tests, according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, were performed. Identification was complemented by fatty acid analysis. Different bacteria can be contaminating plant cell and tissue culture. However, references about the presence of Ochrobactrum anthropi as contaminant of in vitro culture of plant cell and tissue have not been reached. to control microbial contaminants, it is necessary to identify them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient protocols of Guadua angustifolia Kunth micropropagation are not reported due to two principal problems for establishing it: explants necrosis and microbial contamination. In this work a high frequent bacterial contaminant in the in vitro establishment of Guadua was isolated and identified . Besides, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Gentamicin sulphate was determined by two methods: dillution and diffusion in Agar methods. Bacterial contaminant isolated was identified as belonging to Bacillus genus. Sensitivity of Bacillus sp. to Gentamicin sulphate was proved and the value of MIC (1μgml-1) was obtained using both methods. The use of this antibiotic will be an alternative for the solution of in vitro bacterial contamination problems in Guadua angustifolia tissue culture once no existance of phytotoxicity is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]